Guar Korma Research Articles

Physicochemical, structural, and functional characterization of guar meal protein isolate (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)

Guar korma and churi protein isolates were assessed for their physicochemical, nutritional, functional, structural, and digestibility properties for their application in the food industry. The water extracted protein isolate of guar korma showed a protein content of 89.7 % and a yield of 48.7 %. Water extracted protein isolate of guar korma showed an excellent protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid/total amino acids (34.35 %), amino acid score, and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score values, suggesting the existence of high-quality proteins. Water extracted protein isolate of guar korma contains all the essential amino acids except Methionine and Cysteine, according to World Health Organization recommendations for children and adults. The protein profiling of water extracted protein isolate of guar korma was analyzed using 12 % sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indicated the presence of eight major protein bands in the range of 17–100 kDa. In vitro digestibility of water extracted protein isolate of guar korma showed the complete digestion of the abundant protein bands within 15 min. Further, the foaming capacity, water/oil holding capacity, and emulsifying stability of water extracted protein isolate of guar korma were comparable with soy protein isolate. Fourier Transform Infrared and Circular Dichroism spectral analysis revealed the presence of several aromatic groups and β-sheets, random coils respectively in water extracted protein isolate of guar korma. The morphological nature of the guar protein isolate was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Overall, these findings support that water extracted protein isolate of guar korma has excellent functional and nutritional properties and could be a potential alternative plant protein in food industries.

Effect of Replacement of Fish Meal by Roasted Guar Korma on Growth Performance of Puntius ticto

A ninety days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the use of a roasted guar korma as an alternativeprotein source to replacement the expensive fish meal in diets for ticto barb (Puntius ticto). The fiveisonitrogenous experimental diets consisted of a control diet (100% fish meal) and four treatment diets inwhich fish meal replaced with roasted guar korma (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of dietary protein) wereprepared. The diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein on a dry weight basis. Total 225 numbersof ticto barb (P. ticto) advanced fry were randomly distributed into five treatments (control + treatment),each in three replicate. They were fed ad libitum during the experimental duration. The daily ration wasdivided into three equal parts and was fed at 08:00 hr, 14:00 hr and 20:00 hr. Based on the results recordedfrom the present experiment, it was found that higher growth, SGR, PER, survival and lowest FCR wereobtained by feeding the fish with the diet (T1) containing 25% roasted guar korma. Proximate compositionof carcass shown negative effect on crude protein and crude lipid decrease with more than 25% of roastedguar korma based diet. Thus, it was revealed that the roasted guar kormareplacing 25% of fish meal in thediet of P. tictoadvance fry gave better growth. Further research on used different plant based proteinsource with addition of essential amino acid, attractant and pigment effect on growth performance of fish.

The effects of partial replacement of fish meal with Roasted guar korma meal on growth, feed utilization and survival of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) advance Fry

Present study was undertaken to study the effects of partial replacement of fish meal with Roasted Guar Korma on growth, feed utilization and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Advanced fry diet was examined. The experiments were conducted for 60 days in plastic tanks. Triplicates were maintained for each of the treatment. The five experimental diets were prepared which included a control diet (100% fish meal) and four treatment diets viz. fish meal replaced with Roasted guar korma at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of dietary protein levels respectively. The diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein on a dry weight basis. Fish were fed with experimental dietsfor 60 days. The water quality parameters were found in the permissible range during entire experimental period. At the end of experiment it was found that the T2 treatment lead to higher weight gain (9.56 ± 0.49), SGR (1.57 ± 0.01) and PER (1.89 ± 0.02) and lowest FCR (1.65 ± 0.02) Thus, it can be concluded from the study thatRoasted guar korma is a potential protein source and can be used to substitute fish meal in the diets of Tilapia (O. niloticus) advance fry.

Effect of different levels of roasted guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) korma with or without ß-mannanase supplementation on performance and carcass traits of broilers

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of roasted guar korma with or without mannanase supplementation on performance and carcass traits of broilers. Nine hundred and sixty day old commercial broiler chicks (Vencobb-400 strain) were divided into sixteen treatment groups of 60 each for six weeks. The diet without roasted guar korma served as control. The rest of the diets were formulated by incorporating 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5 % and 20% levels of roasted guar korma, partially replacing soybean meal with and without enzyme (ß-mannanase) at two levels (500 g/t and 750 g/t). Body weight gain at the starter phase was found to be non significant however at the finisher phase the differences were significant (P less than 0.05) for T2 (563.35 g) and T5 (533.55 g) than the rest of the groups including control. Differences of feed consumption were significant (P less than 0.01) at the end of starter as well as finisher phases whereas FCR differences were found to be non-significant. Dry matter digestibility was observed significantly better in T5 group. Significantly (P less than 0.01) better nitrogen retention was observed in T5 and T6 groups than the groups having higher levels of roasted guar korma. Eviscerated weight differed significantly (P less than 0.01) whereas non-significant differences were observed for giblet per cent, abdominal fat per cent, edible meat per cent and dressing per cent. It was concluded that 12.5 per cent of roasted guar korma with supplementation of ß mannanase @ 500g/t can be safely added in the broiler diet without any adverse effect on performance, nutrient digestibility as well as carcass trait.

Effect of using Guar Korma Meal as a New Source of Protein on Productive Performance of Buffalos

Effect of using Guar Korma Meal as a New Source of Protein on Productive Performance of Buffalos

EVALUATION OF DIETARY INCLUSION GUAR KORMA MEAL WITH TWO ENZYMES SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL STRAIN INSHAS CHICKS.

The current study was carried out to study the effect of using different levels of guar korma meal (GKM) with β-mannanase and protease enzymes in the diet of Inshas chicks on growth performance traits, nutrients digestibility and economic efficiency. Experimental diets were formulated to included 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% guar korma meal. The experiment started with one day old Inshas chicks and lasted for 12 weeks. Two hundred and twenty five Inshas chicks were randomly divided into five groups (45 birds for treatment). Each treatment consisted of 3 replicate (15 birds/ replicate). Results indicate that inclusion of (GKM) in chicks diet up to 7.5% supplemented with enzymes lead to insignificant (P>0.05) increase in final body weight and weight gain. While, inclusion at rate 10% lead to significant decrease in final body weight and weight gain (P 0.05). While, using (GKM) in feed at 10% lead to significant decrease in nutrient digestibility (P<0.05). Similarly, there were insignificant differences in empty carcass and dressing percentages when chicks fed with diet contain up to 7.5% (GKM) compared to the control group. While, the inclusion of (GKM) at rate 10% in diet significantly decrease (P<0.05) carcass and dressing compared to control. Also, the results indicate that use of (GKM) in diet reduced feed cost per chicks. However, the highest net revenue, economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency were obtained at inclusion rate 7.5% of guar meal in chick diet. Conclusively, it could be concluded from the present study that Guar Korma Meal can be used in growing Inshas chicks diets up to 7.5% in the diet with β-mannanase and protease enzymes to reduce fed costs without adverse effects on performance of chicks.

EFFECT OF GUAR KORMA MEAL IN NEW ZEALAND WHITE DOE RABBITS DIETS ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of guar korma (Gyamopsis tetragonloba L.) meal (GKM) in rabbit diet on performance of New Zealand White (NZW) does during gestation and lactation on growth performance of weanlings. Forty multi-parious does 8-12 month old were allocated to five GKM dietary treatments: 0.0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%. Does were naturally inseminated and housed separately in individual wired-cages. All animals were kept under the same management and hygienic conditions. Parameters live body weight and feed intake for does after gestation and lactation period were recorded. Also milk yield, litter size and litter weight were recorded weekly. Feed cost and some blood parameters were studied. Results indicated that feeding 5.0 % GKM significantly increased feed intake during gestation and lactation, while feeding 7.5 and 10.0% GKM diets resulted in inferior feed intake. Does fed on 5.0 % GKM recorded significantly the highest milk yield during four weeks of lactation compared with other groups. Litter size at birth and weaning were significantly higher in the control and 5.0% GKM groups than 2.5, 7.5 and 10.0% GKM group. Litter weights at birth and corresponding litter weight gains and through 4-week lactation period were increased with dietary GKM 5.0% while it decreased in the rest of treatments. Also, GKM at 2.5 and 5.0 % recorded the higher kid weight, kid weight gain and kid daily gain compared with the other groups. Total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations were increased with feeding on 5.0% GKM diet compared with other treatments, while control showed the highest concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma. Adding the GKM to doe rabbits diet did not alter transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alanine aminotransferase, ALT) activity. The lowest feeding cost per weaned recorded with 5.0% GKM group compared with other treatments. Based on the overall obtained results it could be recommended to include guar korma meal in doe-rabbits diet up to 5.0% of the diet without negative effect on performance during gestation and lactation periods with saving cost of feeding with 5.0% GKM.

Impact of replacement of soybean meal with guar korma meal on growth performance and some physiological parameters of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings.

Impact of replacement of soybean meal with guar korma meal on growth performance and some physiological parameters of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF GUAR KORMA MEAL LEVELS WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL STRAIN CHICKS (ANSHAS)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of guar korma meal (GKM) as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in commercial local strain (Anshas) diets on growth performance, digestibility, slaughter traits and economical efficiency. The experimental period lasted for 3 months. Chicks received (GKM) at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% with or without β-mannase enzyme (Hemicell®) supplement. Results indicated that GKM without enzyme can be used as a feed ingredient without adverse effect at level 2.5%. Using GKM in levels more than 2.5% depress weight gain, feed conversion and nutrients digestibility. Addition of enzyme to the diets improve weight gain, feed conversion and nutrients digestibility of diets containing 5% of GKM. Feed intake increased as the level of GKM in diets increased. Enzyme supplement had no effect on feed intake. Enzyme supplement could not overcome the adverse effect of GKM on nutrients digestibility only in diets contain 7.5 and 10% of GKM. Dressing percentage decreased as the level of GKM in diet increased. Addition of enzyme to the diets contain GKM improved dressing percentage. GKM can be used without enzyme addition at level 2.5% without adverse effect on dressing percentage.From the nutritional and economical points of view, results indicated that GKM can be used as a feed ingredient at level 2.5% without enzyme supplement. When enzyme was added to the diets level of GKM can be increased up to 5% without any adverse effect.

Effect of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Different Levels of Guar Korma Meal on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Blood Metabolites of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Different Levels of Guar Korma Meal on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Blood Metabolites of Broiler Chickens

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TREATMENTS OF GUAR KORMA MEAL ON SHEEP PERFORMANCE

The present study was conducted to study the effect of heat, soaking, chemical (ethanol) or biological (bacteria) treatments of Guar korma meal (GKM) on concentration of anti-nutritive compounds, rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial counts, degradability of tested TMR's, the blood picture and the consequently sheep performance was also studied. The total mixed rations (TMR's) were: 1- TMR without GKM (control); 2- TMR with 10% untreated GKM (TMRU), 3- TMR with 10% heated GKM (TMRH), 4- TMR with 10% soaking GKM (TMRS), 5- TMR with 10% GKM treated with ethanol (TMRE) and 6- TMR with 10% GKM treated with lactic acid bacteria (TMRB). Digestibility trials were conducted with Barki rams, while rumen fermentation trials were conducted with fistulated Barki ewes. Feeding trials were applied with thirty male growing lambs, whereas they were randomly divided into six similar groups according to their body weights for a feeding period of 120 days, where weight was recorded and blood samples were collected. All treatments, showed a positive effect in decreasing concentration of anti-nutritive compounds. TMRB had highest feeding values, nitrogen utilization, higher VFA's concentration and higher rates of ammonia-N and VFA's productions, while, lowest ammonia-N concentration was recorded with TMRH. Total bacteria count was increased with all treatments comparing with TMRU, while protozoa counts were decreased with incorporating untreated or treated GKM in TMR's comparing with control. Microbial protein was ranged between 54.16 and 100.62 (gm/day) for untreated GKM and LAB treated GKM containing TMR's with significant differences. Effective degradability ED (%) of DM were higher (P< 0.05) for TMR's containing biologically and chemically treated GKM. Highest effective degradability of CP was recorded with TMRB with significant differences with other TMR's. However, lower effective degradability of CP was recorded with TMR's containing GKMH and GKMU. Highest daily gain was recorded with LAB treated GKM containing TMR. The lowest daily gain was recorded by sheep fed ration contained untreated GKM. The economic cash return (L.E/head/d) was more profit for ration contained GKMB and GKME than other total mixed rations. Except for cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin and their ratio the other serum metabolites of the experimental lambs were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. It could be concluded that the lactic acid bacteria treated GKM could be used at 10% in TMR for sheep. Chemically treated GKM by ethanol could be also used at 10% without any adverse effects on sheep performance. However, it is important to carry out further research on long term feeding of sheep to follow metabolites compounds consequential in blood, milk and meat.

Antinutritional factors and functionality of protein-rich fractions of industrial guar meal as affected by heat processing

Proximate composition analysis and antinutritional factor composition of different fractions of industrial guar meal: raw churi (IRC), heated churi (IHC), final churi (IFC) and guar korma (IGK) were studied and compared. Protein content was found to be very high in IGK (52.7%) when compared to the churi fractions (32–33%) and the trypsin inhibitor activities were found to be negligible in all the fractions (0.58–1.8mg/g). Single fraction (IGK) was selected for further studies, based on the protein content. The antinutritional factors of selected fractions were significantly reduced by different heat treatments. Heat treatments significantly increased the water absorbing capacity of IGK, but reduced the nitrogen solubility, emulsifying and foaming capacity. Highest L∗ value was observed for boiled IGK, highest a∗ and b∗ values for roasted IGK, during colour measurement. FTIR spectral analysis revealed the presence several aromatic groups in IGK and slight modifications in the molecular structure during heat treatments.

Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with roasted guar korma and supplementation of mannanase on performance and carcass traits of commercial broiler chickens

Aim: To evaluate the effects of inclusion of roasted guar meal, also known as guar korma, as a partial replacement for deoiled soybean meal (SBM) in commercial broiler diets, on production performance and carcass traits of Cobb-400 broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: 1600 one-day-old Cobb-400 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments, each with four replicates (n = 100 chicks per replicate). The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric and included the basal diets composed of maize and SBM (T0), T0 + ‚-mannanase (T1) and the treatment diets in which SBM was partially replaced (20 g/kg in pre-starter, 50 g/kg in starter and finisher) with guar korma (T2) and T2 + ‚-mannanase (T3). Results: Live weight was unaffected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Guar korma increased feed intake when compared with the SBM fed groups (P = 0.01). Feed conversion was better (P = 0.01) when SBM was fed to the chickens irrespective of mannanase supplementation. As a consequence the performance index score was superior (P = 0.04) in the SBM fed groups when compared to the guar korma fed groups. Across the diets, feed conversion was superior (P < 0.05) in the T1 group suggesting a beneficial effect of ‚-mannanase in the maize-SBM diet. Dressed yield showed a trend to improve (P = 0.08) upon ‚-mannanase supplementation.