Guar Gum Solutions Research Articles

Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable hydrogel beads of guar gum for the removal of chlorpyrifos pesticide from water

A new guar gum hydrogel beads were fabricated by dropping method from an aqueous solution of guar gum (GG) using ammonium persulphate and polyethylene glycol as initiator and crosslinker respectively, for the adsorption of chlorpyrifos (CP) from water. The semi-crystalline nature of the synthesized beads was confirmed by FESEM analysis. The TGA studies implied that the beads were thermally stable up to 600 °C. The maximum swelling ratio of 1400 gg−1 was attained at pH 9.2 and 80 min. The evidence of a strong absorption band was found in FTIR spectrum at 584 cm−1 due to -P=S of the adsorbed pesticide CP. The maximum adsorption of CP was found to be 220.97 mgg−1. The adsorption followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm with regression coefficients 0.9998 and 0.9938 which followed the chemisorption process. It is due to the hydrolysis of CP at pH 9.2 to yield 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol which in turn reacts with the carboxylic group present in GG giving -N-C=O linkage. A -ΔG indicates that the process is spontaneous and involves chemisorption which is thermodynamically and kinetically favorable and a -ΔH value (−10.37 kJ/mol) suggests that the adsorption is exothermic.

Sodium alginate/guar gum/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based hydrophobic Joule thermal textiles for enhanced body thermal management and dehumidification

A sodium alginate (SA), guar gum, and multi-walled carbon nanotube composite solution was prepared using a simple blending method, followed by the construction of alginate/guar gum/multi-walled carbon nanotube fibers and fabrics through complexation with various metal ions (zinc, copper, calcium), featuring multiple hydrogen bonds and ionic complex structures. Specifically, the sodium alginate zinc/guar gum/multi-walled carbon nanotube (SA/GG/Zn2+/MWCNTs) composite fibers exhibited a significant Joule heat effect. By integrating with electronic components such as a temperature control switch, a wearable device capable of operating in cold and humid environments for dehumidification and warming was fabricated. The SA/GG/Zn2+/MWCNTs composite fabric demonstrated excellent hydrophobicity, with a contact angle reaching 145.4°, significantly enhancing its resistance to droplet penetration. Under a 5V voltage, the composite fabric rapidly generated Joule heat, increasing the surface temperature by 5∼7 °C (sensible heat) within just 40 s. Additionally, part of its energy (latent heat) transformed the tiny droplets adhering to the fabric's surface from liquid to gas, achieving dehumidification. This research provides an important theoretical and practical foundation for enhancing the performance and energy efficiency of personal thermal management textiles.

Influence of organic acids on the viscosity and rheological behavior of guar gum solution

The present study aims to determine the influence of four edible organic acids (ascorbic, citric, malic, and tartaric) at two concentrations (0.5, and 1 %) on the viscosity and rheological behavior of guar gum dispersion (0.2 %, w/v). The finding of this study revealed that the apparent viscosity of guar gum dispersions reduced when the shear rate increased. Additionally, the apparent viscosity of the guar gum dispersions reduced as the organic acids concentration increased from 0 to 1 %. The highest decrease in viscosity was related to 1 % ascorbic acid and the lowest was related to 0.5 % malic acid. The rheological behavior of dispersions were successfully modeled using Power law, Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley, and Casson models, and the Power law model was the best one for describing the behavior of guar gum dispersions containing organic acids. The Power law model showed good performance with the maximum r-value (mean = 0.9988) and least sum of squared error (SSE) values (mean = 0.0021) and root mean square error (RMSE) values (mean = 0.0119) for all samples. The consistency coefficient (k-value) values of the samples (Power law and Herschel-Bulkley models) reduced as the acid percent was increased. The sample containing 1 % tartaric acid had the lowest k-value and the sample containing 0.5 % ascorbic acid had the highest k-value. The flow behavior index (n-value) (Power law and Herschel-Bulkley models) of the samples increased when the acid percent was increased. In summary, the use of guar gum in food products containing high concentrations of tartaric and ascorbic acids is not recommended.

Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum physicochemical properties in dilute aqueous media

We investigate carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG) solution properties in water and NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 aqueous solutions. The Huggins, Kraemer, and Rao models were applied by fitting specific and relative viscosity of CMHPG/water and CMHPG/salt/water to determine the intrinsic viscosity [η]. The Rao models yielded better results (R2 = 0.779–0.999) than Huggins and Kraemer equations. [η] decreased up to 84% in salt solution over the range 0.9–100 mM compared to water. Salt effects screened the CMHPG charged side groups chains leading to a compacted structure. In 0.9 mM NaCl(aq), the hydrodynamic coil radius (Rcoil) was 28% smaller and 45% smaller in 100 mM NaCl solution relative to water. Similar decreases were seen in KCl and CaCl2 solutions. KCl and CaCl2 were more effective than NaCl. CMHPG is salt-tolerant and shows comparatively less viscosity change than native guar gum, with modest reduced viscosity increases with CMHPG dilution at all salt concentrations. The electrostatic interactions were effective up to 100 mM salt. The activation energy of viscous flow for CMHPG solutions was computed and compared to measured xanthan gum and several literature values. These data show that the barrier to CMHPG flow is higher than for xanthan gum.

Activation parameters of viscous flow of guar gum and its cross-linked system

The structure of a cross-linked form of a concentrated solution of guar gum was studied using IR spectroscopy. The processes of viscous flow of concentrated solutions of guar gum and its cross-linked system have been studied. It is shown that this system is a non-Newtonian fluid with a thixotropic type of viscous flow anomaly, which is also determined by the nature of the complexing agent. The influence of temperature on viscous flow processes, as well as the structure of aqueous systems of guar gum and its cross-linked form, were studied based on the average statistical sizes of kinetic units, which makes it possible to estimate the mobility of structural elements and their sizes for concentrated systems. The activation parameters of the viscous flow of aqueous systems of guar gum and its cross-linked system were studied. Calculations of thermodynamic parameters were carried out free energy, heat of activation of viscous flow, characterizing the strength of structures, and entropy of activation of viscous flow, characterizing the ordering of structures. At high shear stresses, for the guar gum solution system, the processes of ordering and orientation prevail during flow, and for the guar gum - pentaerythritol borate system, the processes of structure destruction and disordering prevail.

High Efficient Degradation of Oilfield Waste Water Containing Polymers By Metal-tartaric Complex

This To provide an efficient catalyst for Fenton oxidation processing to the treatment in waste fracturing fluid containing hydroxypropyl guar gum under high pH value, a series of metal-tartaric acid complex was prepared for catalyzing the Fenton oxidation. The results show that Fe(III)L complex demonstrate high catalytic performance for degradation of polymer in a wide pH range from 8.0 to 12.0. The viscosity of hydroxypropyl guar gum can be reduced effectively to 2.3 after adding 10.0% H2O2 (mass ratio to hydroxypropyl guar gum) and using 10.0% Fe(III)L (mass ratio to H2O2) as catalysts. The COD value of the treated hydroxypropyl guar gum solution can be decreased to 107 mg/L from 8680 mg/L. The proposed mechanism of the activation of H2O2 by the complex was studied by UV spectrum.

Catalytic Oxidation of Hydroxypropyl Guargum by a Fenton-like reaction

To seek for efficient Fenton-like oxidation processing for the treatment in waste fracturing fluid containing hydroxypropyl guargum under high pH value, a series of o-phenylenediamine(L) metal complex was prepared for the oxidation catalysts. The catalyst was screened by the viscosity reduction of hydroxypropyl guargum solution oxidized by H2O2. The results show that Fe (III)L exhibits high catalytic perform for degradation of hydroxypropyl guargum in a wide pH range 7.0-13.0. The viscosity of hydroxypropyl guar gum can be reduced effectively with the 10.0% H2O2 (mass ratio to hydroxypropyl guar gum) and 10.0% Fe (III)L (mass ratio to H2O2), and the COD value can be decreased to 630 mg/L from 7880 mg/L with enough H2O2, and Fe(III)L also shows great catalytic ability in the degradation of various polymers by H2O2. The proposed mechanism of the activation of H2O2 by the complex was studied by UV spectrum.

Crack Resistance and Strength Properties of Red Clay Modified with Lignocellulose and Guar Gum

Desiccation cracking is a common problem of red clay under wet and dry conditions. The presence of cracks could reduce soil strength properties, which is the major reason for shallow failure of red clay slopes. This study aims to propose some additives to improve the crack resistance as well as the strength of red clay. To this end, three natural fibers and three natural gels were primarily selected to modify red clay. Desiccation crack tests were conducted to identify the best fiber and gel in terms of crack resistance. Then, direct shear tests and uniaxial tensile tests were performed on the soil specimens modified by the best fiber and gel to determine the optimal dosages regarding strength improvements. The results demonstrated that natural gels reduced the crack resistance of red clay, while natural fibers could enhance the crack resistance. Lignocellulose was the best additive in improving the crack resistance of red clay, and the modified effect was positively correlated with the fiber dosage. Adding 1.5% lignocellulose into red clay could reduce the crack rate from 2.19% to 0.30%, with a reduction of 0.86 times. The tensile strength, shear strength and its parameters of lignocellulose-modified red clay showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing lignocellulose dosage. At the optimal lignocellulose dosage of 0.75%, the shear strength and tensile strength were increased by 44.63% and 18.21%, respectively. The strength of red clay modified by both lignocellulose and guar gum was positively correlated with the dosage of guar gum, and the desirable dosage of guar gum was 1.0%. In engineering practice, the wet red clay mixed with 0.75% lignocellulose and grass seeds can be employed as planting soil and is sprayed uniformly onto the slope surface after excavation using a spraying planting machine. To further improve the strength of the planting soil, 1.0% guar gum solution can be sprayed on the soil surface. The findings could provide useful guidance for the protection of red clay slopes.

Interaction of plant polysaccharides (inulin, guar gum) with the 20-hydroxyecdysone from quinoa and spinach

The use of plant extracts rich in primary and secondary plant metabolites as biostimulants in agriculture is a modern approach for increasing the sustainability of crops. Quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) are a valuable source of biologically active compounds of plant secondary metabolism such as polyphenolic compounds and ecdysteroids. An important producers of primary plant metabolites – polysaccharides – are common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), used to obtain inulin and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), which accumulates guar gum. The study of the interaction of primary and secondary metabolites of plants is an essential component of research in order to increase their resistance to biodegradation and preserve the optimum of biological action. This paper presents data from a preliminary study of the interactions of components derived from plant raw materials in an in vitro model system. Evaluation of the sorption capacity of plant polysaccharides (inulin, guar gum) was carried out in relation to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) – a minor biologically active substance (BAS) of extracts from spinach leaves and quinoa seeds. The sorption ratio of 20E was 92.25-95.87% for the studied concentrations of inulin model solutions. Sorption ratio for a solution of guar gum with a concentration of 0.5% was 94.17-96.00%, in other cases, a complete sorption of 20E was observed. Thus, one should be guided by the optimal ratio of polysaccharides and extracts enriched with 20E to ensure the maximum physiological effect.

Effect of gamma irradiation on structural properties and rheological behavior of binary biopolymer blend: A case study on guar gum-sage seed gum blends

In this study, different gum powders (guar gum (GG), sage seed gum (SSG) and guar-sage seed gums (GG-SSG) were irradiated at 0, 5, and 10 kGy. FTIR analysis revealed some small changes in transmittance of gum samples with gamma irradiation. Flow behavior of the gum solutions (1% w/w) revealed shear thinning behavior with a n value lower than 1. The viscosity of gum solutions (1% w/w) decreased significantly with increase of irradiation dose from 0 to 10 kGy which was in consistent with the effect of irradiation dose on the consistency index (k). Herschel–Bulkley and Sisko models with higher values of determination coefficient (R2) were found to be the best models to explain the steady shear properties of non-irradiated and irradiated gum solutions. Irradiation doses (5 and 10 kGy) changed the flow behavior of guar gum solution (1%) from non-Newtonian shear-thinning to Newtonian behavior. G’ and G’’ in GG, SSG, and GG-SSG were observed to decrease in strain sweep test as the irradiation dose was increased from 0 to 10 kGy. In SSG and GG-SSG, G’ was greater than G’’ with no cross over in all the applied frequency range, while guar gum exhibited a solid-like behavior after cross over point. Frequency sweep rheological parameters of gum solutions (1%) including G’, G’’, and (η*) also affected by gamma irradiation and decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose from 0 to 10 kGy (p<0.05).

Chemical composition, particle size, and molecular weight distributions of chemically degraded guar gum solutions

AbstractChemical degradation of guar gum solutions via the addition of a strong oxidant is a common process step in hydraulic fracturing. Unfortunately, this degradation step leads to the formation of an insoluble precipitate which clogs the porous rock formation, reducing efficiency, reducing oil recovery potential, and increasing energy costs. The chemical composition, particle size, and molecular weight distributions of the oxidatively degraded guar (“broken guar”) are largely unknown, making it difficult to develop mitigation strategies. In this work, broken guar gum solutions are systematically analyzed to understand the origin of the observed residue. Our results indicate that cellulose fibers and proteins, rather than galactomannan oligomers, are the two major components (&gt;50%) of the solid residue (the water‐insoluble fraction of broken guar). This finding suggests that removal of the cellulose fiber and proteins from the guar source material may be a potential residue mitigation strategy. Separately, we provide evidence for a potential second mitigation strategy employing chemical additives to reduce aggregation of the insoluble species, effectively reducing their potential to cause formation damage.

Formulation and Evaluation of Organo-Transdermal Gel of Drug Ibuprofen

The current research project is centered on the development and assessment of an Ibuprofen topical gel made with Guar gum as the polymer and Carbopol 940 as a penetration enhancer. [ Gels were made by dispersing the polymers in a solution of guar gum and isopropyl myristate, along with Carbopol 940, glycerol as aqueous agents, and potassium sorbate as preservative, and different concentrations of ibuprofen, all while maintaining magnetic stirring. Triethanolamine was then added to the dispersion to neutralize it and make it viscous. Ibuprofen - Guar gum gels were discovered to be homogeneous and to have adequate drug loading. All of the gel compositions' pH values fell within the range of neutral pH, which is suitable for skin. And it was discovered that the compositions' viscosity was suitable for topical use the drug content of the nine formulations was found in the range of 80% to 90% which shows efficient drug loading. The compatibility study showed that the major peaks in FTIR spectra of the pure drug were found to be intact in their physical mixture. Hence there is no interaction between the drug and Carbopol, drug and Guar Gum in their physical mixture. Guar gum can be effectively used as a polymer with Carbopol 940.

Catalytic Oxidation of Polymers Remained in Oilfield by Transition Metal-Ethylenediamine Complex

This work is intended to seek for an efficient Fe-based Fenton reagent for clean oxidation of waste fracturing fluid containing hydroxypropyl guar gum (HGG) and other polymers in wide pH range. A series of complex was prepared with transition metal and ethylenediamine (L) by the coordination. The catalytic performance of the complexes were evaluated in the degradation of HGG, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The kinetics of HGG degradation was evaluated by means of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the viscosity. The results show that Fe(II)L exhibits high catalytic performance for the degradation of hydroxypropyl guar gum in a wide pH range of 7.0–11.0, the COD removal can reach to 86.4%. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the relative viscosity of hydroxypropyl guar gum solution can be reduced effectively to 7.99 from 247 with 10.0% H2O2in presence of 5.0% Fe(II)L. Besides, under the optimized condition, three typical polymers used in oilfield can be degradated effectively.

Shaly detritus embedded epoxy-resin coated proppants

Proppant plays a significant role in the hydraulic fracturing process, which can affect the production of oil and gas wells. Due to the high density and low adhesion force, the settling speed of traditional proppants is fast, which will lead to the blockage of a crack channel. In this study, a proppant with double layer structure is fabricated by coating epoxy-resin and shaly detritus on ceramic proppants for the first time, respectively. The epoxy-resin enables the shaly detritus to be coated on the proppant successfully, which can provide a new method for shaly detritus treatment. The adhesive ability of shaly detritus and epoxy-resin coated proppants (SEPs) is improved by 10.4% under the load force of 500 nN, which prolongs the time for the fracture to close. At the same time, the suspending ability of SEPs is two times higher than the uncoated proppants. Once the guar gum solution concentration is 0.3 wt%, the settling time of SEPs is 36.7% longer than that of the uncoated proppants, which can effectively reduce the settlement of proppants in the crack. In addition, the hydrophobicity of the SEPs is enhanced, which reduces the water-oil ratio of crude oil and increases the liquid conductivity tested by deionized water. In summary, this new proppant is expected to promote the development of unconventional oil and gas resources.

Evaluation of natural polymer for mobility control in carbon utilization and geo-storage applications

Underground CO2 injection is susceptible to bypass, viscous fingering, and premature breakthrough which reduces the efficacy of CO2 storage. Hence, this work explores the usage of a natural polymer (Guar Gum) for promising control in mobility of injected CO2 in subsurface. Guar gum solutions of varying concentration (500–4000 ppm) were prepared in deionized (DI) water, and CO2 absorption (by pressure decay method) tests were performed at varying pressure (2–20 bar). CO2 absorption experiments were performed by pressurized CO2 in a stirring pot and kept the confined gas (pressure reduces as gas molecules get entrapped in the body of fluid) till equilibrium pressure (no further decrease in pressure) was reached. Rheological analysis confirmed that increasing polymer concentration yielded an increase in viscosity. This increase in viscosity showed two effects on CO2 absorption; (1): reduced CO2 absorption (in polymer solutions, compared to pure water) and (2): higher retention of entrapped CO2 inside the body of polymer solution. Maximum CO2 retention (≈9 h) was observed in 4000 ppm solution. Furthermore, pH and temperature tolerance tests indicate superior stability of guar gum solutions for pH >3 and temperature <75 °C. This study proposes the use of natural polymer as mobility control agents in geo-sequestration of CO2.

Solution Properties of a Composite System Containing Dynamic Borate Ester Bonds Formed by a Guar Gum and Polyboric Acid Compounds

Polymer systems containing dynamic covalent bonds have great application potential in the field of enhanced oil recovery. In this paper a series of polyboric acid compounds were synthesized by using polyamine and formylbenzeneboronic acid as raw materials, and then a binary composite system containing dynamic borate ester bonds was formed by mixing guar gum with the polyboric acid compound. The effects of the polyboric acid compound structure, composite system concentration, temperature, inorganic salt concentration and pH on the apparent viscosity and rheological properties of the composite system solution were investigated. The results showed that the higher the content of boric acid groups in the polyboric acid compound, the greater the solution viscosity of the composite system. The apparent viscosity of the guar gum solution increased from 350 mPa.s to 1854 mPa.s at room temperature, the highest value obtained, when the guar gum was mixed with a polyboric acid compound formed by the reaction of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 2-formylphenylboric acid (2-FPBA) at a molar ratio of 1:4.5. Temperature and pH had a great influence on the apparent viscosity of the composite system, whereas NaCl addition had little effect on the apparent viscosity of the composite system. In addition, the rheological test results showed that the composite system had good shear resistance and structural elasticity, which meets the basic requirements of a polymer flooding agent used for enhanced oil recovery.

Characteristics of Biopolymer Guar Gum Solution Injection for Eco-Friendly Ground Reinforcement

Recently, research on the use of biopolymers for environmentally friendly soil improvement has been actively conducted. Biopolymer soil treatment has various effects, such as the enhancement of soil strength, reduction of hydraulic conductivity, and enhancement of vegetation. In this study, the flow and injection characteristics of guar gum solutions were analyzed to develop biopolymer-based injection materials. Viscosity measurements and micromodel experiments were conducted to analyze the flow and injection properties. Viscosity measurements indicated that the guar gum solution showed a tendency of shear-thinning, in which the viscosity decreased as the shear rate increased. By applying the Power-law, the consistency index tended to increase as the concentration of aqueous guar gum solution increased. However, no clear trend was observed for the behavior index. As a result of the micromodel experiment, the pore saturation tended to increase as the volumetric flow rate and concentration of the guar gum solution increased. This is because of an increase in the injection pressure and apparent viscosity. When applied to an actual field, the required injection pressure varies depending on the ground conditions. Therefore, the results of this study will be used as fundamental data for determining the concentration of aqueous guar gum solution suitable for ground conditions.

POLYANILINE/CARBOXYMETHYL GUAR GUM NANOCOMPOSITES: AS BIODEGRADABLE, CONDUCTIVE FILM

Biomaterial-based nanocomposites have been increased in demand in industries for a purpose of packaging and sensing because of their low cost and environmentally friendly nature. But less work has been done on conductive, biodegradable film preparations. This article is devoted to the preparation of Polyaniline/ Carboxymethyl guar gum nanocomposites film and their applications. Controlled synthesis of polyaniline in the presence of carboxymethyl guar gum solution has been carried out for the synthesis of these nanocomposites. Then nanocomposite films have been obtained by solution casting method in one step. The object of this research work was to prepare a conductive, biodegradable, flexible film. Such made nanocomposites film has been further tested for FTIR, SEM, UTM, Conductivity, Swelling behavior and biodegradability. The results have been concluded that by this method a fine flexible, conductive, biodegradable film may be prepared that can be applied in different fields for further study.

Application of polymeric drilling fluids for reducing wearing of drill bit

The drill bit or cutting tool is a very important part of the rock drilling operation, it is directly associated with the rate of penetration. Bit wearing has significant involvement of time, labor, and wealth. By identifying the effect of various machine and rock parameters on bit wearing, the optimum working condition can be adopted to achieve high drilling efficiency. In this experimental work, the rate of penetration and parameters of drilling fluids (i.e. type, additives, and concentration, etc.) were optimized to identify their respective impact on the bit wearing of impregnated core diamond bit. The study has been conducted on a laboratory rotary drilling setup. The role of aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum (GG), and polyacrylamide (PAM) has been examined as polymeric drilling fluid additives on sandstone rock samples and compared with the results of tap water alone as drilling fluid. A significant decrement in bit wearing has been noticed with all additives and the maximum reduction of 70.02% was achieved with CMC fluid additive.

The tribological behavior of analog mudrock interfaces in dry, water-immersed and guar-gum solution states

The behavior of analog mudrock interfaces was examined at the micrometer scale under various confinements and shear rates in room-dry, water-immersed and guar-gum solution states. The data indicated that the presence of water at the interfaces resulted in a continuous reduction of the friction in comparison to the dry state due to a predominant effect of abrasion, whereas no clear influence on the friction was observed in the shearing cycles involving guar-gum solution. The addition of guar-gum solution had a more notable softening effect which was presented by a larger percentage of reduction in the initial tangential stiffness.