Guanidinium Cations Research Articles

Rational design of spacer cations toward efficient and stable 2D/3D heterostructure perovskite solar cells

The integration of 2D and 3D perovskite materials can enhance the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells. This study examines the impact of modifying common organic spacers—2AI, PEA, and FPEA—with formamidinium (FA), guanidinium (GA), and methylenediammonium (MDA) cations on the interface between 2D and 3D layers in FAPbI3 perovskite materials. Structural analysis, electrostatic mapping, and energy calculations reveal that GA modification strengthens binding but destabilizes stacking, while MDA modification improves stability and charge transfer. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing organic spacer modifications for 2D/3D perovskite solar cell performance.

Ionic Liquids-Induced Recovery of the G-Quadruplex DNA Destabilized by Dodine Fungicide.

Dodine is an important surfactant-based chemical fungicide used widely to kill fungi associated with black spot and foliar diseases on several fruit plants, such as apples, pears, peaches, and strawberries. However, the extensive use of dodine depicts the genotoxic effect, which may cause gene-associated diseases. Dodine can destabilize G-quadruplex (G4) DNA, which is one of the key targets for cancer therapy. Hence, finding an eco-friendly medium that can reduce or reverse the destabilization effect of dodine on G4 is important. This study investigates the efficacy of ionic liquids (ILs) containing a 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidinium (TMG) cation with various anions (chloride, acetate, trifluoroacetate, octanoate, and perfluorooctanoate) in restoring the structure and stability of G4 induced by dodine. Our findings demonstrate that all ILs effectively reverse dodine-induced destabilization of G4, with the required concentration varying based on the lipophilicity of IL's anions. Specifically, higher concentrations of TMG-chloride and TMG-acetate are needed compared to TMG-perfluorooctanoate for the same effect. The IL anions remove dodine from G4 binding sites, while the TMG cation's interaction with G4 mitigates the destabilizing effect of dodine. This study indicates that ILs can be an eco-friendly medium for the storage of dodine to reverse the effect of dodine on G4.

Thermal and Transport Properties of Ionic Electrolytes with Tailored Guanidinium and Pyrrolidinium-Based Cation Structures for Na-Ion Batteries

Thermal and Transport Properties of Ionic Electrolytes with Tailored Guanidinium and Pyrrolidinium-Based Cation Structures for Na-Ion Batteries

Guanidinium and spermidinium decavanadates: as small biomimetic models to understand non-covalent interactions between decavanadate and arginine and lysine side chains in proteins

During the last three decades, numerous investigations have been conducted on polyoxidovanadates to treat several illnesses and inhibit enzymes. Numerous decavanadate compounds have been proposed as potential therapies for Diabetes mellitus, Cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Only six relevant functional proteins interacting with decavanadate, V10, have been deposited in the PDB. These are acid phosphatase, tyrosine kinase, two ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), the human transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPM4), and the human cell cycle protein CksHs1. The interaction sites in these proteins mainly consist of Arginine and Lysine, side chains binding to the decavanadate anion. To get further knowledge regarding non-covalent interactions of decavanadate in protein environments, guanidinium and spermidinium decavanadates were synthesized, crystallized, and subjected to analysis utilizing various techniques, including FTIR, Raman, 51V-NMR, TGA, and X-ray diffraction. The DFT calculations were employed to calculate the interaction energy between the decavanadate anion and the organic counterions. Furthermore, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Non-covalent Interaction-Reduced Density Gradient (NCI-RDG) analyses were conducted to understand the non-covalent interactions present in these adducts. Decavanadate can engage in electrostatic forces, van der Waals, and hydrogen bond interactions with guanidinium and spermidinium, as shown by their respective interaction energies. Both compounds were highly stabilized by strong hydrogen bond interactions N−H···O and weak non-covalent interactions C−H···O. In addition, the interactions between guanidinium and spermidinium cations and decavanadate anion form several stable rings. This study provides new information on non-covalent intermolecular interactions between decavanadate and small biomimetic models of arginine and lysine lateral chains in protein environments.

Spontaneous piezoeletric effect as evidence of ferroelastoelectricity in guanidine zinc sulfate crystal

The crystal of [C(NH2)3]2Zn(SO4)2 guanidine zinc sulfate was grown and its structure, dilatometric, dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric properties were studied in a broad temperature range, covering the phase transition point. The crystal undergoes a continuous phase transition at 178 K from the room temperature tetragonal phase with a space group I4¯2d\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ ext{I}\\overline{4}2\ ext{d }$$\\end{document} to the tetragonal low temperature phase with a space group I4¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ ext{I}\\overline{4 }$$\\end{document}. The structural X-ray studies allowed proposing molecular mechanism associated with the rearrangement in the configuration of N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds and reorientation of guanidine cations in the structure, leading to a change in the symmetry of the low temperature phase. Results of thermal expansion and dielectric studies are typical of a structural nonferroelectric continuous transition. Also measurement of piezoelectric and elastic properties revealed small anomalies at 178 K. Below the transition temperature, a new piezoelectric component, that is a ferroelastoelectric macroscopic order parameter, was found.

Surface-Charge Tuned Polymeric Nanoemulsions for Carvacrol Delivery in Interkingdom Biofilms.

Biofilms, intricate microbial communities entrenched in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrices, pose formidable challenges in infectious disease treatment, especially in the context of interkingdom biofilms prevalent in the oral environment. This study investigates the potential of carvacrol-loaded biodegradable nanoemulsions (NEs) with systematically varied surface charges─cationic guanidinium (GMT-NE) and anionic carboxylate (CMT-NE). Zeta potentials of +25 mV (GMT-NE) and -33 mV (CMT-NE) underscore successful nanoemulsion fabrication (∼250 nm). Fluorescent labeling and dynamic tracking across three dimensions expose GMT-NE's superior diffusion into oral biofilms, yielding a robust antimicrobial effect with 99.99% killing for both streptococcal and Candida species and marked reductions in bacterial cell viability compared to CMT-NE (∼4-log reduction). Oral mucosa tissue cultures affirm the biocompatibility of both NEs with no morphological or structural changes, showcasing their potential for combating intractable biofilm infections in oral environment. This study advances our understanding of NE surface charges and their interactions within interkingdom biofilms, providing insights crucial for addressing complex infections involving bacteria and fungi in the demanding oral context.

[C(NH2)3]10(MoO3)10(PO4)2(HPO4)2·5H2O: Synergy effect of multiple functional units results in significant birefringence

In recent years, research has demonstrated the efficacy of synthesizing linear and nonlinear optical materials with exceptional properties through the synergy interaction of large anisotropic groups. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the concurrent incorporation of planar π-conjugated groups and distorted d0 transiton metal octahedra into phosphates system. A novel organic–inorganic hybrid phosphate, namely, [C(NH2)3]10(MoO3)10(PO4)2(HPO4)2·5H2O (GMPO), which was synthesized using hydrothermal approach and presented in this study. GMPO exhibits a three-dimensional network structure composed of [(MoO3)5(PO4) (HPO4)]5− anionic group, water molecules, and guanidine cations interconnected through hydrogen bonding. GMPO possesses a notable birefringence of 0.158@550 nm with a band gap of 3.43 eV, suggesting its possible use as the UV birefringent material. Theoretical calculation suggests that the significant birefringence of GMPO is primarily attributed to the synergy effect of multifarious functional units contained in title compound.

Electro-osmotic Flow Generation via a Sticky Ion Action.

Selective transport of ions through nanometer-sized pores is fundamental to cell biology and central to many technological processes such as water desalination and electrical energy storage. Conventional methods for generating ion selectivity include placement of fixed electrical charges at the inner surface of a nanopore through either point mutations in a protein pore or chemical treatment of a solid-state nanopore surface, with each nanopore type requiring a custom approach. Here, we describe a general method for transforming a nanoscale pore into a highly selective, anion-conducting channel capable of generating a giant electro-osmotic effect. Our molecular dynamics simulations and reverse potential measurements show that exposure of a biological nanopore to high concentrations of guanidinium chloride renders the nanopore surface positively charged due to transient binding of guanidinium cations to the protein surface. A comparison of four biological nanopores reveals the relationship between ion selectivity, nanopore shape, composition of the nanopore surface, and electro-osmotic flow. Guanidinium ions are also found to produce anion selectivity and a giant electro-osmotic flow in solid-state nanopores via the same mechanism. Our sticky-ion approach to generate electro-osmotic flow can have numerous applications in controlling molecular transport at the nanoscale and for detection, identification, and sequencing of individual proteins.

Deciphering the guanidinium cation: Insights into thermal diffusion.

Thermophoresis, or thermodiffusion, is becoming a more popular method for investigating the interactions between proteins and ligands due to its high sensitivity to the interactions between solutes and water. Despite its growing use, the intricate mechanisms behind thermodiffusion remain unclear. This gap in knowledge stems from the complexities of thermodiffusion in solvents that have specific interactions as well as the intricate nature of systems that include many components with both non-ionic and ionic groups. To deepen our understanding, we reduce complexity by conducting systematic studies on aqueous salt solutions. In this work, we focused on how guanidinium salt solutions behave in a temperature gradient, using thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering experiments at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C. We looked at the thermodiffusive behavior of four guanidinium salts (thiocyanate, iodide, chloride, and carbonate) in solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 mol/kg. The guanidinium cation is disk-shaped and is characterized by flat hydrophobic surfaces and three amine groups, which enable directional hydrogen bonding along the edges. We compare our results to the behavior of salts with spherical cations, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium. Our discussions are framed around how different salts are solvated, specifically in the context of the Hofmeister series, which ranks ions based on their effects on the solvation of proteins.

Organ- and Cell-Selective Delivery of mRNA In Vivo Using Guanidinylated Serinol Charge-Altering Releasable Transporters.

Selective RNA delivery is required for the broad implementation of RNA clinical applications, including prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations, immunotherapies for cancer, and genome editing. Current polyanion delivery relies heavily on cationic amines, while cationic guanidinium systems have received limited attention due in part to their strong polyanion association, which impedes intracellular polyanion release. Here, we disclose a general solution to this problem in which cationic guanidinium groups are used to form stable RNA complexes upon formulation but at physiological pH undergo a novel charge-neutralization process, resulting in RNA release. This new delivery system consists of guanidinylated serinol moieties incorporated into a charge-altering releasable transporter (GSer-CARTs). Significantly, systematic variations in structure and formulation resulted in GSer-CARTs that exhibit highly selective mRNA delivery to the lung (∼97%) and spleen (∼98%) without targeting ligands. Illustrative of their breadth and translational potential, GSer-CARTs deliver circRNA, providing the basis for a cancer vaccination strategy, which in a murine model resulted in antigen-specific immune responses and effective suppression of established tumors.

Arginine Kinase Activates Arginine for Phosphorylation by Pyramidalization and Polarization.

Arginine phosphorylation plays numerous roles throughout biology. Arginine kinase (AK) catalyzes the delivery of an anionic phosphoryl group (PO3-) from ATP to a planar, trigonal nitrogen in a guanidinium cation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have yielded a model of the transition state (TS) for the AK-catalyzed reaction. They reveal a network of over 50 hydrogen bonds that delivers unprecedented pyramidalization and out-of-plane polarization of the arginine guanidinium nitrogen (Nη2) and aligns the electron density on Nη2 with the scissile P-O bond, leading to in-line phosphoryl transfer via an associative mechanism. In the reverse reaction, the hydrogen-bonding network enforces the conformational distortion of a bound phosphoarginine substrate to increase the basicity of Nη2. This enables Nη2 protonation, which triggers PO3- migration to generate ATP. This polarization-pyramidalization of nitrogen in the arginine side chain is likely a general phenomenon that is exploited by many classes of enzymes mediating the post-translational modification of arginine.

Impact of large A-site cations on electron-vibrational interactions in 2D halide perovskites: Ab initio quantum dynamics.

Using abinitio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we study the effect of large A-site cations on nonradiative electron-hole recombination in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites HA2APb2I7, HA = n-hexylammonium, A = methylammonium (MA), or guanidinium (GA). The steric hindrance created by large GA cations distorts and stiffens the inorganic Pb-I lattice, reduces thermal structural fluctuations, and maintains the delocalization of electrons and holes at ambient and elevated temperatures. The delocalized charges interact more strongly in the GA system than in the MA system, and the charge recombination is accelerated. In contrast, replacement of only some MA cations with GA enhances disorder and increases charge lifetime, as seen in three-dimensional perovskites. This study highlights the key influence of structural fluctuations and disorder on the properties of charge carriers in metal halide perovskites, providing guidance for tuning materials' optoelectronic performance.

Modulation of optoelectronic properties in Cl and Br doped GUASnI[formula omitted] based perovskite solar cells: A Density Functional Theory analysis

Partial substitution of I by Cl or Br improves the performance of hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. Here, a systematic density functional theory (DFT)-based investigation has been carried out in some mixed halide perovskites having the general formula GUASnX3−yXy′, where GUA = guanidinium cation, X = iodine (I), X′ = chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br), and y = 0, 1, 1.5, and 2. Results obtained have been compared with the pure iodine-based compound to understand the impact of doping ratio on physical, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties of the hybrid halide perovskite materials. From the analysis, it has been observed that all the designed compounds form thermodynamically stable three-dimensional perovskite structures. In addition, the designed compounds possess band gap (Eg) values within the range of 0.91-2.33 eV. However, Eg decreases with an increase in iodine content. Complex dielectric function and absorption coefficient analysis led to the conclusion that all the investigated compounds exhibit absorption maxima in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, photovoltaic performance analysis reveals that GUASnI3 exhibits the highest theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.78% among the studied compounds. The study also shows that the pure iodine-based compound is superior to the corresponding mixed halide compounds in terms of their optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. Hence, it is expected that the study will provide researchers a basis to further investigate mixed halide perovskite based materials in the future.

Crystal-to-crystal polymerisation of monosubstituted [PW11O39Cu(H2O)]5- Keggin-type anions.

The reaction between neutral bis(picolinate)copper(II) complexes and copper(II)-monosubstituted Keggin-type phosphotungstate anions formed in situ leads to the formation of the hybrid [C(NH2)3]10[{PW11O39Cu(H2O)}2{Cu(pic)2}]·10H2O compound (1, pic = picolinate) in the presence of structure-directing guanidinium cations. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that 1 contains dimeric {PW11O39Cu(H2O)}2{Cu(pic)2} molecular species constituted by two Keggin-type anions linked by one {Cu(pic)2} octahedral complex through axial coordination to their terminal oxygen atoms. The extensive hydrogen-bonding network established by guanidium cations and Keggin clusters plays a key role in retaining the crystallinity of the system throughout dehydration to allow a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation into the anhydrous [C(NH2)3]10[{PW11O39Cu}2{Cu(pic)2}] (2a) at 170 °C. Structural modifications involve the re-orientation, shifting in ca. 1.5 Å and condensation of all the {PW11O39Cu} units to result in {PW11O39Cu}n chains in an unprecedented solid-state polymerisation. This phase transition also implies the cleavage of Cu-O bonds induced by the rotation and translation of Keggin-type anions, in such a way that hybrid dimeric units in 1 are dismantled and {Cu(pic)2} complexes become square planar. The irreversibility of the phase transition has been confirmed by combined thermal and diffractometric analyses, which evidence that the anhydrous phase adsorbs only one water molecule per cluster to become the [C(NH2)3]10[{PW11O39Cu}2{Cu(pic)2}]·2H2O (2h) hydrated derivative without any significant alteration in its cell parameters, nor in its crystalline structure. Phase transformations have been monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Tartrate bridging ligands in divalent Co(II)/Co(III) dinuclear anion

A cobalt(II/III) ionic compound with bridging tartaric acid (H4L) anion (CH6N3)3[Co2II/III(L)2(H2O)2]·4H2O 1 was synthesized. The crystallites were isolated from highly alkaline aqueous solution in the presence of guanidinium cations (CH6N3)+ being then incorporated as counter ions.A determined structure reveals the dinuclear coordination anion with two cobalt centers, each within its distinctive coordination octahedron CoO6 sphere showing different Co−O bond lengths. The metal center with shorter coordination bonds is assigned as Co(III), while the other with Co(II), all in agreement with overall net charge equilibrium. This involves three guanidinium cations, two tartrate(4-) anions, the latter within the coordination anion, as well as with bond valence sums for both cobalt centers. Both tartrates (L) are triply bonded on the Co(III) center, thus enabling CoIIIO6 coordination bonds. On the other hand, only two coordination bonds are enabled by each tartrate towards Co(II), while the remaining two in CoIIO6 are completed by two terminal water molecules. The electronic spectrum shows clearly the d-d bands at 400 and 665 nm for Co(III), while at 520 nm for Co(II), for each CoO6, respectively. The temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility shows the paramagnetic behavior of the compound, due to the d7 Co(II) ions being in a high spin state, while the d6 low spin Co(III) ions are diamagnetic.

Superprotonic Conductivity of Guanidinium Organosulfonate Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks with Nanotube-Shaped Proton Transport Channels.

Grasping proton transport pathways and mechanisms is vital for the application of fuel cell technology. Herein, we screened four guanidinium organosulfonate charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), namely, GBBS, G 3 TSPHB, G 4 TSP, and G 6 HSPB, which possess high hydrogen-bonded density proton transport networks shaped like nanotubes. These materials were prepared by self-assembly through charge-assisted interactions between guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions, as well as by host-guest regulation. At 80 °C and 93% RH, the proton conductivity of GBBS, G 3 TSPHB, G 4 TSP, and G 6 HSPB can reach 4.56 × 10-2, 2.55 × 10-2, 4.01 × 10-2, and 1.2 × 10-1 S cm-1, respectively, with superprotonic conductivity. Doping G 6 HSPB into the Nafion matrix prepared composite membranes for testing the performance of fuel cells. At 80 °C and 98% RH, the proton conductivity of 9%-G 6 HSPB@Nafion reached a maximum value of 1.14 × 10-1 S cm-1, which is 2.8 times higher than recast Nafion. The results showed that charge-assisted HOFs with high proton channel density have better proton transport properties, providing a reference for the design of highly proton-conducting materials.

Crystal structure and thermal behavior of three potential high-energy compounds of hydro-closo-borates with guanidinium

The novel guanidinium hydro-closo-borates featuring [BnHn]2– (n = 10 and 12) anions were successfully synthesized via the direct reaction of the corresponding free acids, (H3O)2[BnHn], with guanidinium carbonate, (CN3H6)2[CO3], in aqueous media. The resulting compounds crystallize in different monoclinic space groups such as C2/c, P2/c and P21/n for (CN3H6)2[B10H10], (CN3H6)2[B12H12] ⋅ 2 H2O and Cs(CN3H6)[B12H12], respectively. An intriguing aspect of these crystal structures was the observation of dihydrogen bonding interactions involving the negatively polarized hydrogen atoms of the boron clusters and the positively polarized hydrogen atoms in the guanidinium cations (Bδ+–Hδ–⋅⋅⋅Hδ+–Nδ–). Furthermore, a classical hydrogen bonding system is evident in (CN3H6)2[B12H12] ⋅ 2 H2O. The presence of negatively charged hydrogen (Hδ–) in hydroborate anions and positively charged hydrogen atoms (Hδ+) in guanidinium cations in these structures suggests their potential for facilitating H2 generation upon thermal decomposition. Furthermore, theoretical analysis predicts that under an oxygen atmosphere, diguanidinium dodecahydro-closo-hydroborate has the capacity to yield energy up to 11 MJ/mol.

PH-Responsive Polymeric Micelle Dynamic Complexes for Selective Killing of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori, the world's most common chronic infection-causing pathogen, is responsible for causing gastric ulcers, the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death globally in 2020. In recent years, the effectiveness of the current treatment regimen (two antibiotics and one proton pump inhibitor) has often been plagued with problems such as resistance and the undesired elimination of commensal bacteria. Herein, we report the synthesis of block and random copolycarbonates, functionalized with cationic guanidinium and anionic acetate functional groups, aimed at selectively killing H. pylori in the acidic environment of the stomach, while remaining nontoxic to the commensal bacteria in the gut. The compositions of the polymers were fine-tuned so that the polymers were readily dispersed in water without any difficulty at both pH 3.0 and 7.4. The self-assembly behavior of the polymers at different pH values by dynamic light scattering showed that the random and block copolymers formed stable micelles in a simulated gastric environment (pH 3.0) while aggregated at pH 7.4. Both polymers demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against H. pylori than the guanidinium-functionalized homopolymer without any acetate functional group at pH 3.0. The block copolymer was significantly more bactericidal at pH 3.0 across the concentrations tested, as compared to the random copolymer, while it did not show significant toxicity toward rat red blood cells (rRBCs) and HK-2 cells or bactericidal effect toward E. coli (a common gut bacterium) and nor caused aggregation of rRBCs at its effective concentration and at physiological pH of 7.4. Additionally, both the block and random copolymers were much more stable against hydrolysis at pH 3.0 than at pH 7.4. This study provides insight into the influence of both polymer architecture and dynamic assembly on the bioactivities of antimicrobial polymers, where the disassembly of coacervates into narrowly dispersed micelles at pH 3 make them potent antimicrobials aided by the protonated carboxylic acid block.

Composition-Property Relations for GAx FAy MA1- x - y PbI3 Perovskites.

Halide perovskites are materials for diverse optoelectronic applications owing to a combination of factors, including their compositional flexibility. A major source of this diversity of compositions comes from the use of mixed organic cations in the A-site of such compounds to form solid solutions. Many organic cations are possible for this purpose. Although significant progress is made over years of intensive research, the determination of systematic relationships between the compositions and properties of halide perovskites is not exploited accordingly. Using the MAPbI3 prototype, a wide range of compositions substituted by formamidinium (FA+ ) and guanidinium (GA+ ) cations are studied. From a detailed collection of experimental data and results reported in the literature, heat maps correlating the composition of GAx FAy MA1- x - y PbI3 solid solutions with phase transition temperatures, dielectric permittivity, and activation energies are constructed. Considering the characteristics of organic cations, namely their sizes, dipole moments, and the number of N─H bonds, it is possible to interpret the heat maps as consequences of these characteristics. This work brings a systematization of how obtaining specific properties of halide perovskites might be possible by customizing the characteristics of the A-site organic cations.

Stabilizing Decavanadate Cluster as Electrode Material in Sodium and Lithium-ion Batteries.

Decavanadate ([V10 O28 ]6- , {V10 }) clusters are a potential electrode material for lithium and post-lithium batteries; however, their low stability due to the solubility in liquid organic electrolytes has been challenging. These molecular clusters are also prone to transform into solid-state oxides at a moderate temperature needed in the typical electrode fabrication process. Hence, controlling the solubility and improving the thermal stability of compounds are essential to make them more viable options for use as battery electrodes. This study shows a crystal engineering approach to stabilize the cluster with organic guanidinium (Gdm+ ) cation through the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the amino groups of the cation and the anion. The comparison of solubility and thermal stability of the Gdm{V10 } with another cluster bearing tetrabutylammonium (Tba+ ) cation reveals the better stability of cation-anion assembly in the former than the latter. As a result, the Gdm{V10 } delivers better rate capability and cycling stability than Tba{V10 } when tested as anode material in a half-cell configuration of a sodium-ion battery. Finally, the performance of the Gdm{V10 } anode is also investigated in a lithium-ion battery full cell with LiFePO4 cathode.