Growth Regulators GA3 Research Articles

To Study the Impact of Seed Storage Period and Growth Regulators on Physiological Parameters of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Seedling

An experiment entitled “To study the impact of seed storage period and growth regulators on physiological parameters of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) seedling” was conducted in a green shade net house at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year kharif-2019. The treatment comprised three levels of seed storage period (S) viz., S1- 0 days after extraction of seed, S2- 5 days after extraction of seed and S3- 10 days after extraction of seed and five seed soaking treatments of growth regulators GA3 for 24 hrs (G) viz., G1- GA3 ‘at’ 100 mg 1-1, G2- GA3 ‘at’ 150 mg 1-1, G3- NAA ‘at’ 25 mg 1-1, G4- NAA ‘at’ 50 mg 1-1 and G5- Control. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) with 15 treatment combinations and repeated thrice. Sowing of fresh extracted seeds of jackfruit recorded at 90 DAS maximum leaf area (43.38 cm2), root: shoot ratio (0.22), vigour index-I (41.60) and vigour index-II (3.17). While, Soaking seed in GA3 ‘at’ 100 mg l-1 for 24 hrs recorded at 90 DAS maximum leaf area (52.34 cm2), root: shoot ratio (0.22), vigour index-I (38.08) and vigour index-II (3.13). Treatment combination sowing of fresh extracted seeds and soaking seeds in GA3 ‘at’ 100 mg l-1 for 24 hrs recorded at 90 DAS maximum leaf area (59.87 cm2) vigour index-I (56.03) and vigour index-II (5.37).

A Comparative Study on Growth, Flowering and Corm Production by Growth Regulators & Cut Corms of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)

The present investigation was carried out during cool season at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Science Prayagraj (U.P.), India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications of 9 treatments. Treatments consisted of Full corm, ½, ⅓ corms (cut corms) and growth regulators GA3 @150ppm (full corm), 200ppm (½ corm, 250ppm (⅓ corm), 300ppm (full corm), 350ppm (½, corm), 400ppm (⅓ corm). Among the different treatments, T3 (GA3@ 150ppm full corm) gave the best performance in terms of good growth, flowering and corm production which includes Plant Height, Number of leaves, Days to spike emergence, Days to opening of the first floret, First florets durability (days), Rachis length(cm), Number of florets/ spike, Number of spike/plant, Spike yield/ha, Number of cormlets/planted corm, Corm yield/ha, No.of corms/plant, Weight of Corms/plot.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

This investigation was undertaken to study “the effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) during Kharif season of 2021 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and each replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of plant growth regulators GA3 at 10, 20 and 30 ppm, NAA at 10, 20 and 30 ppm and 2,4-D at 2,3, and 4ppm and a control plot. The results showed that among all the treatments, foliar application of GA3 (30 ppm) had positive impact on growth, yield and quality parameters i.e., plant height (81.68 cm), number of clusters per plant (36.66), days to 50% flowering (63.11 days), flowers per plant (72.22), fruits per plant (55.33), fruit yield per plant (3.90 kg), fruit yield per hectare (58.5 t), total soluble solids (4.20 Brix) and acidity (0.41%) were obtained. Foliar application of GA3 (30 ppm) was found to be productive as it recorded major growth and yield attributes as compared to other treatments.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators GA3 NAA on Yield and Benefit: Cost Ratio of Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler under Open Condition of Manipur

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators GA3 NAA on Yield and Benefit: Cost Ratio of Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler under Open Condition of Manipur

Effect of Irrigation Levels and Plant Growth Regulators on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Poly House

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2017-18 at College of agriculture, Bikaner to study the effect of irrigation levels and plant growth regulators on Cucumber under naturally ventilated Poly house condition. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of four drip irrigation levels (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ETc or crop evapotranspiration) assigned to main plots and three plant growth regulators viz; water spray, NAA or Naphthalene Acetic acid (100 ppm) and GA3 (50 ppm) assigned to sub plots. The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of irrigation levels as well as plant growth regulators on yield attributes of cucumber and their interactions. Results indicated that earliness i.e. days to first flowering (35.40) and first harvest (52.00) were recorded maximum with 1.0 ETc as compared to other irrigation levels. The same treatment (1.0 ETc) significantly gave maximum fruit length (21.07 cm), number of fruits per vine (12.02), fruit weight (103.29 g), fruit yield (728.76 q ha-1) and net returns (765035.9 ha-1) with B:C ratio (2.46). However, water use efficiency (3.61 q ha-1 cm-1) was found maximum with 0.4 ETc. Among various plant growth regulators GA3 (50 ppm) recorded significantly higher yield attributes namely fruit length (21.63 cm), number of fruits per vine (12.34), fruit weight (99.48 g) and fruit yield (729.23 q ha-1). Water use efficiency, net returns and B:C ratio also exhibited higher values (2.57 q ha-1 cm-1, 765307.7ha-1 and 2.46, respectively) with same treatment. Similarly, earliness i.e. days to first flowering (34.19) and days to first harvest (50.70) were recorded with GA3. The treatment combination 0.8 ETc + GA3 (50 ppm) gave maximum value for fruit yield (793.93 q ha-1) per hectare.

Influence of growth regulators on growth, phenological traits and yield attributes of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] under restricted irrigation condition

Water limiting condition creates imbalance or deficiency of growth regulators in plant, which leads toward reduce crop yield. The present investigation entitled “Influence of growth regulators on growth, phenological traits and yield attributes of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] under restricted irrigation condition” was conducted during the Rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Students’ Instructional Farm, Nawabganj, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.), India in randomized block design with three replications and exogenous application of growth regulators with control wheat plants viz., Control, GA3 20 ppm, GA3 40 ppm, Alar 100 ppm, Alar 200 ppm, ABA 25 ppm, ABA 50 ppm, SA 50 ppm, SA 100 ppm, Kinetin 5 ppm and Kinetin 10 ppm on wheat variety (K1317) under restricted irrigation condition. Crop growth and yield attributes were assess during the experimentation. Study revealed that crop reduced growth and yield in term of plant height at maturity stage, number of leaves plant-1 at all observation stage, days to anthesis, days to maturity, main spike length and grains weight plant-1 under restricted irrigation, while, these parameters were improved with application of growth regulators. Maximum crop growth and yield traits were recorded with application of growth regulators GA3 40 ppm as compare to other treatments.

USAGE OF ACTOSOL (HUMIC ACID) AND SOME GROWTH REGULATORS FOR IMPROVING PLANT QUALITY OF CHAMAEDOREA SEIFRIZII, BURRET

The present experiment was performed during two successive seasons (2017/2018), (2018/2019) at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. It intended to solve the main important problem facing the production of Chamaedorea seifrizii plant under Egyptian conditions of the slow rate of growth especially at the early stage, besides improving plant quality. So, the individual as well as the combined effects of different actosol levels (organic fertilizer) as a main factor and different levels of the mixture of different growth regulators GA3 (gibberellic acid), BA (benzyladenine) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) as a subfactor were investigated. In both seasons (on November, 1st) transplants of 9-10 cm length and 2-3 leaves were planted in 25 cm plastic pot filled with the mixture of sand and clay (1:1, v/v). Actosol (humic acid) was applied as a soil drench at different levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 ml/l). Whereas the mixture of the different growth regulators it was applied at different levels (0, 50, 150, 250 and 350 ppm) as a foliar spray. All of them were applied at monthly intervals commencing from three months after planting (February, 1st) till the termination of the experiment (December, 1st). Thus, the plants were treated by either actosol or the mixture of the different growth regulators 11 times in every season. Results emphasized the beneficial effect of using the highest levels of actosol (2 and 3 ml/l) for improving root length and its fresh and dry weights, comparing with that gained from untreated control plants with significant effect in the two seasons. Meanwhile, the same levels (2 and 3 ml/l) gave rise to the utmost highest values of the different vegetative growth parameters expressed by plant height, No. of leaves/plant, stem diameter and fresh and dry weight of vegetative part, chemical constituents of vegetative parts was also affected by treating plants with actosol. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoides), total carbohydrates and minerals (N, P and K %) revealed also an increment due to applying the different levels of actosol, with the mastery of applying the highest level (3 ml/l). With respect to the effect of the mixture of the different levels of growth regulators on roots, vegetative growth parameters and chemical constituents of the plant, it is clear the beneficial effect of the mixtures on improving such traits especially with using the highest level (350 ppm) in the two seasons. From the aforementioned results and the interaction, it could be recommended to supply plants with the highest level of actosol (3 ml/l) and that of the mixture of growth regulators (350 ppm) after three months after transplanting and then at monthly interval for 11 times throughout the growth season in order to produce Chamaedorea seifrizii of good quality with solving the problem of the slow rate of growth under Egyptian conditions.

Response of pinching and growth regulators on African marigold cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate response of pinching and growth regulators on growth and yield of African marigold cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with sixteen treatment combination consisting of eight growth regulators viz. CCC @ 750, 1000 ppm, GA3 @ 125, 250 ppm, NAA @ 25, 50 ppm, Ethrel @ 750, 1000 ppm and each concentration tried on pinched and non pinched plants. The results revealed that pinching significantly influenced several vegetative parameters like plant spread (52.14 cm), number of leaves per plant (363.24) and leaf area per plant (90.45 cm2). Pinching delayed some floral attributes like first flower bud initiation (69.93 days), first flowering (79.23 days). Among growth regulators GA3 @ 250 ppm significantly improved several characters like plant height (92.80 cm), plant spread (54.77 cm), number of leaves per plant (399.33), number of flowers pr plant (62.85), maximum flower yield per plant (359.50 g), longest shelf life of loose flower (9.47 days), except stem diameter (2.18 cm) which was found maximum with application of CCC @ 1000 ppm.

In Vivo Proliferation of In Vitro Propagated Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) genotypes at Tana- Beles Sugar Development Project, North-Western Ethiopia

In spite of the costly procurement and secondary acclimatization activities, the Ethiopia Sugar estates use huge quantity of micropropagated sugarcane plantlets to complement the conventional propagation method. The current study was aimed at finding rapid and cost effective propagation method for sugarcane planting materials multiplication to complement in vitro propagation method. In the study, acclimatized sugarcane plantlets were treated with Diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), plant growth regulators and leaf trimming treatments. Plantlets lacking fertilizer, plant growth regulators and without trimming were used as free check. Data were collected on the number of tillers per shoot, average shoot length and number of leaves per shoot after 30 days. Analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effects of genotypes, trimming, DAP and plant growth regulators application was very highly significant (p<0.0001). Treatment combinations containing DAP at 0.16 gm L-1 m-2 with plant growth regulators GA3, BAP and kinetin each at 0.04 mg L-1 m-2 and trimming one-third of the leaves gave optimum in vivo shoot proliferation responses. On this treatment combination, B52-298 gave 6.45 ± 0.51 tillers per shoot with 4.39 ± 1.44 cm average shoot length and 5.12 ± 0.23 leaves per shoot while NCo-334 produced 5.77± 0.79 tillers per shoot with 7.21 ± 0.11 cm average shoot length and 5.51 ± 0.05 leaves per shoot. Similarly, N14 gave 5.36 ± 0.55 tillers per shoot with 5.71 ± 0.15 cm average shoot length and 5.41 ± 0.30 leaves per shoot on the same treatment combination. Thus, the current result can be used as rapid and cost effective sugarcane planting material multiplication system to complement the costly micropropagation technology and hence minimize the cost of sugar production.

In vitro development and acclimatization of dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis)

Fruits and almond from the dendezeiro, oil palmbelonging to the Elaeis genus,are widely used for the production of cookingoils or for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.In the last decade, this oil palm also emerged as a promising source for commercialbiofuel production. This study evaluated the effect of different culture media, MS (MURASHIGUE AND SKOOG) and Y3 (EEUWENS)and carbohydrates duringin vitro germination of zygotic embryos, the effect of growth regulators GA3, NAA and BA Ponin vitro seedling development, and the survival rate of acclimatized seedlingsof Manicoré hybrid (Elaeis oleifera x E. guineensis). Zygotic embryos were inoculated on MS and modified Y3 media, supplemented with different sucrose concentrations (30, 45, and 60 gL-1) or sorbitol (36 gL-1), and the germination rate was evaluated after 30 days. Subsequently, seedlings were transferred to modified Y3 culture medium supplemented with differentGA3 concentrations (3.5 and 7 mgL-1) or without it, combined or not with 1 mgL-1 of NAA, 5 mgL-1 of BAP.The highest germinationpercentage of germinated embryos (92%) was observed in MS medium supplemented with 36 gL-1 sorbitol. Culture media supplemented with growth regulatorsGA3, NAA and BAP promoted greater shoot lengththan control media. Rooted seedlings showed high survival percentage (85%) during acclimatization.

Ação de fitorreguladores no crescimento da erva-cidreira-brasileira

Lippia alba, espécie brasileira da família Verbenaceae, é plantada e usada em todo o Brasil por suas atividades farmacológicas como analgésica, antiespasmódica, calmante, sedativa e citostática. Popularmente a Lippia é denominada de alecrim, cidreira falsa ou falsa melissa. O trabalho visou testar o efeito das aplicações de GA3, ethephon e CCC sobre o crescimento de Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. - Verbenaceae, em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda São Manuel, pertencente à UNESP em Botucatu, de dezembro/95 a dezembro/96. O mesmo consistiu de sete tratamentos e três repetições em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com os tratamentos aplicados nas parcelas e as colheitas nas subparcelas. Os tratamentos incluíram o controle, ácido giberélico (GA3 50 e 100 mg.L-1), ácido 2-cloroetil-fosfônico (ethephon- 100 e 200 mg.L-1) e cloreto de 2-cloroetil-trimetil amônio (CCC 1000 e 2000 mg.L-1). Os reguladores vegetais foram aplicados em duas épocas, aos quarenta e cem dias da implantação do experimento no campo e o crescimento das plantas foi avaliado em seis épocas. Após a primeira aplicação as plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 14 dias. Os fitorreguladores GA3, e CCC tenderam a elevar os resultados das características, matéria seca de caule, folhas, flores e total, porém sempre permaneceram menores ou iguais ao controle.

Reguladores vegetais e a anatomia da folha de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Ângela Gigante

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar os efeitos dos reguladores vegetais GA3 50 mg.l-1, NAA 100 mg.l-1, CCC 1500 mg.l-1 e SADH 3000 mg.l-1 em folhas de tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 'Ângela Gigante'. Os promotores de crescimento aumentaram o número de estômatos por milímetro quadrado na epiderme adaxial e diminuíram o número de células epidérmicas em ambos os lados da folha. Em relação ao controle, os retardantes de crescimento aumentaram em maior nível a espessura do parênquima lacunoso do que os promotores de crescimento.

フリージア‘ロイヤルクラウン’の種子発芽の温度依存性

Seed germination of freesia, Freesia hybrida cv. Royal Crown as affected by high temper-atures was investigated in reference to hastening of germination and changes in protein metabolism.1. Optimum temperature for seed germination ranged from 15° to 20°C. Seed germina-tion was inhibited completely at 30°C, even though seeds were incubated at 20°C until just before germinated. When seeds kept at 30°C were cooled to 20°C, the inhibition of germi-nation was reversed. However, the number of days required for seeds to germinate at 20°C increased with the length of 30°C incubation period.2. Once the seeds germinated, the growth of radicle was not inhibited at 30°C, and the maximum rate of elongation occurred at 25°C.3. The inhibition of seed germination at 30°C was not reversed by treating seeds with the growth regulators GA3, BA, and zeatin or by soaking them in concentrated sulfuric acid. Seeds treated with sulfuric acid for 10 min germinated more rapidly and uniformly at 20°C than did not-treated seeds.4. When embryos excised from ungerminated seeds were cultured aseptically, radicle growth occurred sooner even at 30°C; root growth was better at 30°C than at 20°C.5. When seeds were incubated for 2 days at 20° or 30°C after 4 days incubation at 20°C, the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of embryonic proteins differed between treatment, whereas the patterns of endospermic proteins did not. When seeds were treated with [14C] -leucine at 30°C, total incorporation and incorporation into TCA-insoluble materi-als by the embryo and endosperm were less than that incorporated by seed parts kept at 20°C. The inhibition of labelled leucine uptake by the endosperm after 24 hr at 30°C was significantly large.These results suggest that elevated temperatures decelerate protein turnover which is some-how involved in the inhibition of germination of Freesia seeds.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION AND SOME GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH OF CROTON PLANTS

The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Fulifertil at levels 0,2 and 4 gm/L and growth regulators GA3 at 0,100,200 and 300 ppm also kinetin at 0,25,50 and 75 ppm and their combination on croton plants. The results indicate that there were increases in the plant height, leaves, number, leaf area and fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth. Spraying plants with 4 gm/L Fulifertil or 200 ppm GA3 or 50 ppm kinetin gave the best results specially with combined treatments.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION AND SOME GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF CROTON PLANT LEAVES

The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Fulifertil at levels 0,2 and 4 gm/L and growth regulators GA3 at 0,100,200 and 300 ppm also kinetin at 0,25,50 and 75 ppm and their combination on croton plants. In general the results indicate that there were increases in the carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. The anthocyanins and carotenoids pigments were increased while chlorophyll `a” and “b” pigments were decreased. These findings are required to give colorful leaves which give good display.

Effects of Salinity Stress and Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Summary The effects of NaCl (50, 100 and 200 mM) levels and growth regulators were studied on seed germination, seedling length and changes in their fresh and dry weights in Pisum sativum. With increasing NaCl levels the germination percentage progressively declined, and length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings decreased. All the three growth regulators GA3, KIN and MORPH (5 μg/ml each) alleviated salinity stress affects on seed germination but GA3 proved most effective. Inhibition in shoot and root length could be overcome partially with GA3 and KIN. MORPH treatment proved inhibitory in interaction with salinity and further decreased the length, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root.

The influence of growth regulators GA3, ABA, kinetin and IAA on sprout and root growth and plant development using excised potato buds

In a potato bud bioassay GA3 appeared to stimulate sprout growth and to inhibit root development. The inhibition of root growth retarded the development of the sprouts into plants. Kinetin and IAA stimulated root development. ABA has an initially retarding effect on sprout growth. But during prolongation of the experiment this delay becomes less, and at low concentrations turns into a stimulating effect. During the subsequent development into plants, there is again a stimulating effect of ABA at the higher concentrations.

Effects of Soil Salinity and Growth Regulators on Germination and Seedling Metabolism of Wheat

AbstractGermination studies were carried out with the wheat varieties NP823, Karchia, Sonora 63, Sonora 64, Mayo 64 and Lerma Rojo in artificially salinized soil maintained at ECe 2, 8, 12 and 16 mmhos/cm at 25°C. Early seedling growth and metabolism of variety NP 823 was studied in salt solutions alone and with addition of the growth regulators GA3 and Cycocel (2‐chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride). Soil salinity both depressed and delayed the germination. Among the varieties tested NP 823 and Karchia were relatively less susceptible to salt injury while Lerma Rojo exhibited a maximum susceptibility. Salt supply also brought about a reduction in the early seedling growth, the release of reducing sugar and the amylase activity. The adverse effect on amylase activity was not mediated through the synthesis of enzyme protein but by an inhibition of the enzyme activity. Exogenous supply of GA3 counteracted the adverse effect of salt on amylase activity and the release of reducing sugar but not on the early seedling growth.