Competitive Growth Research Articles

The Impact of Innovation on the Growth of Economic Competitiveness in Uzbekistan

In an era of rapid technological advancement and global market integration, innovation has become a critical driver of economic competitiveness. This paper explores the impact of innovation on the growth of economic competitiveness in Uzbekistan, a country strategically positioned in Central Asia with significant economic potential. The study reviews existing literature, government reports, and industry analyses to understand how innovative practices contribute to enhancing productivity, market expansion, and overall economic resilience. Data were collected from peer-reviewed academic databases, including Scopus, Emerald and Web of Science, as well as from government and international organization reports. The findings indicate that while Uzbekistan has made considerable progress in fostering innovation, several challenges, including economic and institutional barriers, reliance on fossil fuels, and gaps in technical expertise, persist. The paper offers strategic recommendations to address these challenges, emphasizing the importance of increased R&D investments, diversification of energy sources, building technical capacity, strengthening the regulatory framework, and promoting international collaboration. These measures are essential for leveraging innovation to achieve sustainable economic growth and improve Uzbekistan’s global competitiveness.

DOMINANTS FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMIES’ COMPETITIVENESS

This article is devoted to innovation as a prerequisite for the national economies' sustainable development and a domain for their global competitiveness. The paper aims to highlight the internal essence of mutual relations between innovation, competition, and economic growth. It was assumed that innovation positively affected the competitive behaviour of economic agents and eventually contributed to an increase in public welfare. Regarding the period from 2007 to 2022, we considered the sample of Central European countries and the Baltic states. Theoretical generalization has been applied to systematize the factors determining competition and innovation. We used statistical methods and comparative analysis to investigate the indicators' dynamics. The interdependencies between macroeconomic dynamics and a set of competition and innovation indicators have been assessed. It was proved that the proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in the total value added of manufacturing was quite important, yet not the ultimate criterion for ensuring high growth rates and sustainable development. The dynamics of commercial spending on research and development had been ambiguous and unsustainable. To ensure strategic competitiveness, national governments should encourage innovation in their respective business communities. The sampled economies have been examined considering a set of innovation and competition indicators (e.g., gross capital formation, research and development expenditures, logistics performance, export technological structure, carbon dioxide emission, and renewable energy consumption). Considering the implications of globalization, tax burden as an integral characteristic of the national economy's competitiveness has been evaluated as well. It was pointed out that: a) a stable, understandable and transparent tax policy should be implemented to protect the investors' property rights; b) a system of total anti-corruption measures aimed at preventing the practices of receiving undue benefits should be set; and c) the business sector should improve own environmental and social responsibility complexly, introduce resource-saving, green and circular economy.

A novel 4-aminoquinoline chemotype with multistage antimalarial activity and lack of cross-resistance with PfCRT and PfMDR1 mutants

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the mainstay of effective treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the long-term utility of ACTs is imperiled by widespread partial artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and its recent emergence in parts of East Africa. This underscores the need to identify chemotypes with new modes of action (MoAs) to circumvent resistance to ACTs. In this study, we characterized the asexual blood stage antiplasmodial activity and resistance mechanisms of LDT-623, a 4-aminoquinoline (4-AQ). We also detected LDT-623 activity against multiple stages (liver schizonts, stage IV-V gametocytes, and ookinetes) of Plasmodium’s life cycle, a feature unlike other 4-AQs such as chloroquine (CQ) and piperaquine (PPQ). Using heme fractionation profiling and drug uptake studies in PfCRT-containing proteoliposomes, we observed inhibition of hemozoin formation and PfCRT-mediated transport, which constitute characteristic features of 4-AQs’ MoA. We also found minimal cross-resistance to LDT-623 in a panel of mutant pfcrt or pfmdr1 lines, but not the PfCRT F145I mutant that is highly resistant to PPQ resistance yet is very unfit. No P. falciparum parasites were recovered in an in vitro resistance selection study, suggesting a high barrier for resistance to emerge. Finally, a competitive growth assay comprising >50 barcoded parasite lines with mutated resistance mediators or major drug targets found no evidence of cross-resistance. Our findings support further exploration of this promising 4-AQ.

Strategy to Increase Resilient and Competitive MSMEs and Youth Organization through Empowerment of Innovative Human Resources in Cilodong Sub-District, Depok City

The purpose of this community service is to improve the business of MSMEs and the Youth Organization community to become strong, competitive, and sustainable businesses and organizations. The community service process carried out is in the form of a counseling seminar activity with a method in the form of providing counseling materials on management science from various perspectives/scientific concentrations which was held on October 5, 2024 at the Cilodong Sub-District Hall Building, Cilodong District, Depok City, West Java Province. The result of this activity is that MSME and Youth Organization business actors become more aware of various perspectives on management science that can be applied in their business and community operational activities, which is expected to be able to encourage innovation and adaptation of MSMEs and Youth Organization to change, so that it can increase operational efficiency, competitiveness, and long-term growth.

Effect of microplastics on the allelopathic effects of native and invasive plants on co-occurring invaders

IntroductionMicroplastic pollution has emerged as a significant global change factor, with the potential to alter the biological, physicochemical properties of soil and to subsequently affect plant growth. Despite growing recognition of the impacts of microplastic pollution, the mechanisms by which microplastics modify plant leaf chemistry and influence allelopathic interactions among co-existing plant species remain unclear.MethodsWe used the native perennial forb Achyranthes bidentata and the invasive annual forb Amaranthus spinosus as focal species. We grew the two species with and without competition with each other. This setup was further combined with a treatment involving the addition of polyethylene (PE). We then testd the effects of aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth for five invasive and five native species. Subsequently, metabolomic analysis was conducted on the aqueous extracts, in which significant allelopathic effects were observed on test species.Results and discussionThe presence of PE microplastics enhanced the biomass of both Achyranthes and Amaranthus under competitive and non-competitive growth conditions. Furthermore, PE microplastics were found to induce a negative allelopathic effect for the native plant Achyranthes on co-occurring plants, which appeared to be mediated through changes in leaf chemistry. Bisdemethoxycurcumin, ethylparaben, salicin 6’-sulfate and 5-hydroxy-3’,4’,7-trimethoxyflavone glucoside were proven important compounds for allelopathic enhancement. Overall, these results suggest that microplastic pollution has the capability to influence the co-existence of invasive and native plants by altering their allelopathic potential. This insight into the interactions between microplastics and plant allelopathy provides a novel perspective on how microplastic pollution could modify plant species interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Future studies could aim to answer how microplastics might affect plant root exudates and whether this process would mediate biological invasion.

World War I and World War II: Their Effects on the Islamic World and Afghanistan

The tremendous effects that World War I and World War II had on the Islamic world are investigated in this research, with a particular focus on Afghanistan. The aftermath of World War I resulted in the breakup of empires, most notably the Ottoman Empire, as well as the restructuring of political boundaries. The study aims to explore and analyze the far-reaching impacts of World War I and World War II on the Islamic world, with a particular focus on Afghanistan. The study seeks to examine how these global conflicts reshaped political, social, and economic dynamics in Muslim-majority regions, leading to the disintegration of empires, the rise of nationalism, and the realignment of power structures. The significance of this study lies in the fact that it shades light on a relatively unexplored facet of world history, namely the manner in which the Islamic world, and Afghanistan in particular, was impacted by the two World Wars. Specifically, it sheds light on the growth of nationalism, decolonization, and geopolitical competition, all of which played a role in shaping the position of Afghanistan, Central Asia, and the Middle East within the global system. This work employs the doctrinal research methodology along with descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches. It is worth mentioning that this research study is entirely based on library sources. Most of the sources are reputable and trustworthy textbooks, scholarly published and unpublished journal articles, law reports, and online websites related to the research area. One of the main findings is Both World Wars accelerated the disintegration of Islamic empires, notably the Ottoman Empire, and paved the way for European colonial powers to carve out new territories in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. Afghanistan’s strategic position made it vulnerable to foreign influence, particularly from Britain and Russia. After World War I, Afghanistan gained greater autonomy, but it became a battleground for influence between the Soviet Union and the West following World War II, especially during the Cold War. It is recommended that further research and documents are needed the Islamic world’s experience during both World Wars, which has often been overlooked in global history. Incorporating these perspectives into academic curricula could help reshape understanding of global conflicts from a non-Western perspective.

Numerical simulation of GTAW for ZW61 magnesium alloy thin plates: Coupling the finite element method with the cellular automata method

ZW61 magnesium alloy has a wide range of application prospects as a lightweight green engineering material. In this paper, the temperature field and microstructure of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for ZW61 magnesium alloy are simulated by the finite element method and the cellular automata (CA) method. The results show that the microstructure in the center of the fusion zone (FZ) is all equiaxed grains affected by compositional supercooling. While at the edge of the molten pool, the crystals produced by associative crystallization evolve into columnar grains after undergoing competitive growth. Furthermore, the temperature field of the molten pool alters as the welding heat input increases. Especially, the temperature gradient behind the molten pool slows down. Thus, the cooling rate during solidification of the molten pool decreases, increasing the size of the weld microstructure. Meanwhile, solute concentration plays an essential role in the weld microstructure evolution. The rise in Zn content both refines the size of the equiaxed grains and inhibits the growth of the columnar crystals. Moreover, the experimental results of the thermal cycling curves and the FZ microstructure exhibit minimal error with the simulation results, verifying the reliability of the model.

Mechanism of Thermodynamically Rationalized Selective Growth of a Two-Dimensional Ternary Ferromagnet on Insulating Substrates.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 holds great promise for advanced spintronic applications because of its gate-tunable ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature, whereas the controllable growth of large-area single crystals remains very challenging due to its ternary nature and variable stoichiometry inducing many competitive phases. Here, we theoretically probe the mechanism of selective growth of monolayer Fe3GeTe2 on various epitaxial substrates. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the corresponding phase-pure chemical potential windows for the selective growth of Fe3GeTe2 can be reasonably attained in ternary phase space on insulating and chemically inert c-plane sapphire and Ga2O3(0001) substrates by properly modulating the interfacial interaction and employing suitable feedstocks to avoid competitive growth of possible impurity phases with different stoichiometry ratios. It is also revealed that both the weak edge-substrate interaction and interlayer coupling of Fe3GeTe2 together lead to a surface-dominated nucleation behavior and, thereby, energetically favor lateral growth of the monolayer rather than vertical growth of the multilayer. Importantly, straight protocols for the experimentally selective growth of phase-pure ternary Fe3GeTe2 are also provided by establishing the relationship between the feedstock chemical potential and growth parameters on a thermochemical basis. Our insightful study can also be reasonably extended to guide future experimental design for the selective growth of other multicomponent 2D materials.

Molecular characterization of the tet (M)-carrying transposon Tn7124 and plasmids in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from swine.

Here, we report the genetic features and evolutionary mechanisms of two tet (M)-bearing plasmids (pTA2 and pTA7) recovered from swine Escherichia coli isolates. The genetic profiles of pTA2 and pTA7 and corresponding transconjugants were accessed by S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization, followed by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The biological influences of pTA2 and pTA7 were determined by stability and direct competition assays. Both pTA7 and pTA2 had the IncR backbone sequences but differed in the multidrug resistance region (MDR). The MDR of pTA2 consisted of sul3, tet (M), qnrS1, bleO, oqxAB, floR, aadA1, cmlA1, aadA2, and tet (A)-tetR (A) in addition to 22 insertion sequences. Notably, pTA2 carried the novel complex Tn7124 (IS26-ctp-lp-tet (M)-hp-IS406tnp-IntI4-IS26) harboring tet (M). The fragment carrying tet (M) (IS26-ctp-lp-tet (M)-IS406 tnp-ctp-aadA1-cmlA1-aadA2-dfrA12-IntI1), named Tn6942-like, and the two resistance modules ISVsa3-VirD2-floR-lysR and tet (A)-tetR (A) were located in the MDR of pTA7. Both pTA2 and pTA7 were highly stable in E. coli DH5α cells with no fitness cost to the host or disadvantage in growth competition. These results indicate that transposons carrying tet (M) continuously integrate via mediation with an insertion sequence, which accelerates the transmission of tet (M) in E. coli isolates through integration of other drug-resistant genes, thereby posing a potential serious threat to the efficacy of clinical treatment.

Role of AI-Driven Personalized E-Learning In Enhancing Economic Competitiveness: A Comparative Analysis of Developed And Developing Countries

This study explores the influence of AI-driven personalized e-learning on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) across six countries, comprising three developed (USA, Germany, Japan) and three developing (Pakistan, India and Nigeria) nations, over a span of 17 years (2007-2023). Utilizing a least squares regression model, the analysis incorporates key variables including the Artificial Intelligence Global Index (AIGI), Human Development Index (HDI), and R&D expenditure as control variables to assess their impact on GCI. The model demonstrates a robust fit, with an R2 value of 96.79% and an adjusted R2 value of 96.50%, indicating that AI-enhanced e-learning is a significant predictor as independent variables of economic competitiveness GCI. The findings underscore the significant role of investment in AI and e-learning technologies, particularly in enhancing economic competitiveness, as evidenced by strong positive correlations between GCI and AIGI, HDI, and R&D expenditure. The results are consistent with IBM's research, which highlights the importance of these variables in driving national competitiveness in the global market. The study concludes that AI-driven personalized e-learning is a critical lever for improving GCI, particularly for developing countries aiming to close the competitiveness gap with developed nations. The implications of this research suggest that targeted investments in AI and e-learning can substantially contribute to sustainable economic growth and international competitiveness. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions aiming to enhance their nation's competitiveness through strategic investments in AI-driven educational technologies.

Enhancing customer satisfaction through IIoT-Enabled coopetition: Strategic insights and impacts

This research investigates the significant role of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to enable Coopetition Network Practices (CNPs) in enhancing the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within the context of global digital supply chains. Employing a quantitative approach, our study reveals that CNPs contribute to a noTable 51.0 % improvement in factors determining customer satisfaction. This underscores the strategic importance of blending competition with collaboration to refine production processes and align with consumer expectations. Additionally, the research presents a remarkable 69.1 % boost in operational consistency and reports substantial progress in manufacturing flexibility and the value-to-weight ratio, witnessing increases of 125.8 % and 33.2 %, respectively. These improvements are pivotal in optimizing production resources, which in turn, have led to a 29.3 % decrease in customer complaints and a 15.6 % rise in on-time delivery rates. Conversely, a slight decline in the consistency of the value-to-weight ratio was observed, pointing to potential areas for future research. The findings decisively show that CNPs offer concrete advantages by enhancing customer satisfaction determinants and operational efficiency in SMEs. The paper advocates for future studies to directly measure customer satisfaction and to formulate actionable guidelines for the effective implementation of coopetition strategies. This proposed research direction aims to provide solutions to the manufacturing sector's emerging challenges, thereby promoting competitive advantage and growth in the digital era.

Carbon Stock Estimation of Poplar Plantations Based on Additive Biomass Models

Accurate estimation of biomass and carbon stocks in forest ecosystems is critical for understanding their roles in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Currently, the development of stand biomass models and carbon stock estimation at the regional scale has emerged as a prominent research priority. In this study, 225 Populus spp. (poplar) trees in Shandong Province, China, were destructively sampled to obtain the biomass of their components. Two models (MS1 and MS2) were developed using allometric equations and the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) method to ensure additive properties across tree components. The model evaluation employed the leave-one-out jackknife (LOO) method, considering statistics such as adjusted R-squared (Ra2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results from our models demonstrated high accuracy, with MS2 slightly outperforming MS1 after incorporating tree height as an independent variable. The models reliably estimated component-specific biomass and carbon stocks, with distinct variations observed in the carbon content among foliage (47.14 ± 2.07%), branches (47.26 ± 2.48%), stems (47.67 ± 2.21%), and roots (46.37 ± 2.78%). Carbon stocks in poplar plantations increased with the diameter class, ranging from 5 to 35 cm and correspondingly from 3.670 to 172.491 Mg C ha−1. As the diameter class increases, the carbon allocation strategy of poplars aligns with the CSR strategy, transitioning from prioritizing growth competition to emphasizing self-stabilization. Our research proposes a robust framework for assessing biomass and carbon stocks in poplar plantations, which is essential for evidence-based forest management strategies.

Pattern Selection in Three-Precipitate Liesegang Systems.

Liesegang patterns present a display of parallel stripes of precipitate that arise from the interdiffusion of coprecipitate ions in a gel medium. The bands observed in rocks are typical analogies of this phenomenon, and their composition is not restricted to the banded deposition of a single mineral. We here extend the study to a three-precipitate system, wherein Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ cations are precipitated by the same anion (OH- from NH4OH) to form Co(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, and Cd(OH)2, respectively. The resulting pattern exhibits an alternation of compact mixed Co(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 bands with granules of pure Cd(OH)2 between them. The obtained pattern confirms the generic type of (A + B)/C/(A + B)/C/(A + B)/C alternation conjectured analytically using the competitive particle growth (CPG) model and stability analysis.

Социально-этический маркетинг как инструмент реализации концепции устойчивого развития социально ответственной организации

The issues of using the concept of sustainable development in the management practice of modern enterprises and organizations focused on development and permanent strategic growth are updated. The indicators of sustainable development of an economic entity in the trinity of economic, social and environmental indicators are presented. It is determined that the concept of socio-ethical marketing implemented by the organization as a tool of a socially responsible organization maximally contributes to achieving the goals of a progressive modern concept. The analysis of the tools of social and ethical marketing of the EFKO Group of Companies (EFKO Group) of the Belgorod region, one of the largest food companies in the Russian Federation, a leader in the fat and oil industry market, guided in its activities by the principles inherent in the concept of sustainable development. The dynamics of the main indicators of the Group's economic activity against the background of permanent investments in the implementation of social and ethical activities is presented. The correlation of the value of social investments (expenses for social and ethical marketing) and the value of sales (revenue) of EFKO Group indicates a close relationship between the analyzed indicators. The profit forecast using the exponential smoothing method against the background of growing social investments and social and ethical activity of EFKO Group proves the expediency (including economic) of implementing social and ethical marketing and defines this toolkit as contributing to the growth of the organization's competitiveness not only through active marketing activities, but also through the formation and maintaining a positive image and business reputation of the company; strengthening the image of a socially oriented employer, which is confirmed by the results of independent comparative studies and assessment of the investment and credit attractiveness of companies in the market.

Room-Temperature Single-Phase Synthesis of Semiconducting Metal-Covalent Organic Frameworks With Microenvironment-Tuned Photocatalytic Efficiency.

In order to improve the solubility of metallated monomers and product crystallinity, metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) are commonly prepared via high-temperature sol-vothermal synthesis. However, it hampers the direct extraction of crystallization evolution information. Exploring facile room-temperature strategies for both synthesizing MCOFs and exploiting the crystallinity mechanism is extremely desired. Herein, by a novel single-phase synthetic strategy, three MCOFs with different microstructure is rapidly prepared based on the Schiff base reaction between planarity-tunable C3v monomers and metallated monomers at room temperature. Based on detailed time-dependent experiments and theoretical calculations, it is found that there is a planarity-tuned and competitive growth relationship between disordered structures and crystal nucleus for the first time. The high planarity of monomers boosts the formation of crystal nucleus and rapid growth, suppressing the forming of amorphous structures. In addition, the microenvironment effect on selective photocatalytic coupling of benzylamine (BA) is investigated. The strong donor-acceptor (D-A) MCOF exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity with a high conversion rate of 99% and high selectivity of 99% in 5h under the 520nm light irradiation. This work opens a new pathway to scalable and efficient synthesis of highly crystalline MCOFs.

The newly discovered competitive growth behavior of γ and α2 phases

This study reports a new phenomenon of competitive growth between TiAl alloy structures. By annealing the β-solidified Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.1B alloy for a short time, a new phenomenon of repeated competitive growth between α2 and γ phases is found. Finally, the (α2 + γ) lamellar structure engulfs other structures and grows, transforming into a full lamellar structure.

Unveiling the role of city commercial banks in influencing land financialization: Evidence from China

Local financial development is crucial for advancing regional financial supply side structural reform, enabling local governments to leverage financial instruments to effectively mobilize land resources and foster competitive growth. The introduction of numerous financial products linked to land-related rights and interests has resulted in a pronounced transmission and interconnection of fiscal and financial risks across regions. This study examines the impact of local financial development on land financialization in China using panel data from prefecture-level cities and detailed information on land mortgages. The findings indicate that the establishment of city commercial banks (CCBs) contributes to the progress of land financialization by incentivizing local government financing vehicles to participate in land mortgage financing, increasing the transfer of debt risks to the financial sector. Notably, the impact of CCBs on land financialization is more pronounced in regions with urban agglomeration, high GDP manipulation, inadequate local financial regulation, and robust implicit government guarantees. Further analysis reveals that CCB establishment has negative spillover effects on land financialization in neighboring areas, while expansion strategies such as establishing intercity branches, engaging in cross-regional mergers, and relaxing regulations have mitigated the rise of land financialization at the regional level. This study provides policy recommendations that focus on reducing local governments’ reliance on land financing and enhancing the prevention and management of financial risks.

Advantages of compost tea: Promotion of nitrogen influx into the fruit and improvement of fruit nitrogen metabolism in tomato

The use of compost tea is important to improve food safety. However, the effect of compost tea on N uptake and partitioning in tomato is unclear. In this study, we measured temporal and spatial changes in nitrogen content, enzyme activities, and expression levels of nitrogen transporters genes in different organs of tomato treated with five nutrient solutions. The results showed that the expression levels of ammonium transporter protein genes (AMT1s) increased and that of a nitrogen transporters gene (NRT2.1) decreased under treatment with compost tea, which promoted NH4+ transport to the fruit and reduced nutrient wastage compared with the response to chemical fertilizers. In addition, the lowermost leaves on the stem showed reduced nitrate content, faster metabolism, and decreased chlorophyll a content, but fruit yield was not increased, in compost tea-treated plants. These changes were dependent on the expression level of the glutamine synthetase gene (GS1.1), which was increased in leaves and decreased in fruit. Compost tea influenced the expression of critical genes in the fruits and leaves, and improved the competitiveness of sexual reproductive growth as a sink for nitrogen. However, the benefits of compost tea were reduced when it was mixed chemical fertilizers. This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimization of organic vegetable cultivation and promoting the widespread production of organic crops.

The impact of green trade barriers on China’s photovoltaic products exports to ASEAN

In the context of the global push towards a green economy, this research investigates the impact of green trade barriers on the export trade volume of Chinese photovoltaic products to ASEAN from 2010 to 2021. The strong evidence indicates that green trade barriers have a positive effect on improving the export trade volume of Chinese photovoltaic products to ASEAN. This conclusion remains robust through multiple robustness tests, including excluding data from pandemic-affected years and the only developed country Singapore. Moreover, the impact of green trade barriers varies with exchange rate levels and language environments. In countries with higher exchange rates and countries with different official languages, the positive effect of green trade barriers on trade is more significant. In contrast, in countries with the same official language, green trade barriers have a negative effect on improving the trade volume. Additionally, higher levels of renewable energy consumption diminish the beneficial effect of TBT on photovoltaic trade, and CO2 emissions lessen the detrimental effect of TBT on photovoltaic trade. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, suggesting that align with international standards, provide differentiated technical assistance and adopt transparent trade rules when formulating green trade barriers to better support the competitiveness and export growth of Chinese photovoltaic products in the international market.

Некоторые основные проблемы экономического развития современной России

The work provides assessments of trends and factors of economic growth in modern Russia. The research was carried out on the basis of constructing econometric models using Rosstat data. Research results show that the main trends in economic development consisted of a decrease in the rate of economic growth and the rate of growth in labor productivity. The main factor of economic growth was the growth of labor productivity. There were no significant trends in changes in the growth rate of employment and the growth rate of accumulated fixed capital. The growth in labor productivity was achieved, to a large extent, due to an increase in the capital intensity of production. The basis for economic development was largely an ineffective archaic mechanism, the mechanism for the formation of an industrial economy. Employment growth had a negative impact on economic growth rates. The results obtained indicate that the most important factors of competitiveness and economic growth - human capital and new technologies - are insufficiently and ineffectively used. They did not ensure an increase in labor productivity due to investing in outdated technologies, attracting workers who do not have high qualifications, which is due to a decline in the quality of education and a reduction in the scale of scientific research and development. Education has largely lost its function of forming human capital. The research and development system does not sufficiently serve as a source of new technologies. The identified problems are obviously due to shortcomings in economic policy, shortcomings in financial management and investment processes, insufficient funding and ineffective management of the education system, research and development.