Growth Of Carrot Research Articles

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates cadmium stress in germinating carrot seeds by promoting the accumulation of proline

Carrot (Daucus carota L.), a widely cultivated economically vegetable from the Apiaceae family, is grown globally. However, carrots can be adversely impacted by cadmium (Cd) pollution in the soil due to its propensity to accumulate in the fleshy root, thus impeding carrot growth and posing health hazards to consumers. Given the potential of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to improve plant resistance against Cd stress, we treated germinating carrot seeds with varying concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), aiming to alleviate the toxic impacts of Cd stress on carrot seed germination. The results revealed that carrot seeds treated with a concentration of 0.25 mM NaHS displayed better seed germination-associated characteristics compared to seeds treated with NaHS concentrations of 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM. Further investigation revealed a rise in the expression levels of L-cysteine desulfhydrase and D-cysteine desulfhydrase, along with enhanced activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase and D-cysteine desulfhydrase among the NaHS treatment group, thereby leading to H2S accumulation. Moreover, NaHS treatment triggered the expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and promoted the accumulation of endogenous proline, while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased correspondingly. Interestingly, since the application of exogenous proline did not influence the accumulation of endogenous H2S, suggesting that H2S served as the upstream regulator of proline. Histochemical staining and biochemical indices revealed that NaHS treatment led to elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, alongside a suppression of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that NaHS treatment reduced Cd2+ uptake, thereby promoting germination rate, seed vitality, and hypocotyl length of carrot seeds under Cd stress. Overall, our findings shed light on the application of NaHS to enhance carrot resistance against Cd stress and lay a foundation for exploring the regulatory role of H2S in plants responding to Cd stress.

Molasses-based waste water irrigation: a friend or foe for carrot (Daucus carota L.) growth, yield and nutritional quality

Management of molasses-based wastewater generated in yeast and sugar industries is a major environmental concern due to its high chemical oxygen demand and other recalcitrant substances. Several strategies have been used to reduce the inland discharge of wastewater but the results are not satisfactory due to high operating cost. However, reuse of molasses-based wastewater irrigation in agriculture has been a major interest nowadays to reduce the freshwater consumption. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the impacts of molasses-based waste water irrigation on growth, metabolism, yield and nutritional quality of crops for safer consumer’s health. In present study, carrot seeds of a local cultivar (T-29) were germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes under controlled conditions. The germinated seeds were then transplanted into pots and irrigated with three different treatments normal water (T0), diluted molasses-based wastewater (T1), and untreated molasses-based wastewater (T2), in six replicates. Results revealed that carrot irrigated with untreated molasses-based waste water had exhibited significant reductions in growth, yield, physiology, metabolism, and nutritional contents. Additionally, accumulation of Cd and Pb contents in carrot roots irrigated with untreated molasses-based waste water exceed the permissible limits suggested by WHO and their consumption may cause health risks. While, diluted molasses-based waste water irrigation positively enhanced the growth, yield of carrot plants without affecting the nutritional quality. This strategy is cost effective, appeared as most appropriate alternative mean to reduce the freshwater consumption in water deficit regions of the world.

Phenological and yield response of primed carrot (Daucus carota L) seeds under deficit irrigation

Seedling emergence and stand establishment of carrot seeds are often slow and erratic which results in low productivity. Poor seed quality together with lack of pre-sowing seed treatments and improper irrigation management can be mentioned as the major factors that influence the yield and productivity of carrot. The present study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of different seed priming techniques on early seedling establishment, growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L. cultivated variety Nantes) exposed to different irrigation intervals, under field conditions at Gerado, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Four seed priming treatments (no priming, hydro priming, halo priming and hormonal priming) and three irrigation intervals (4, 7 and 10 days) were combined as factorial RCBD in split plot arrangement with three replications. The irrigation intervals were assigned to main plots and the seed priming techniques to sub plots. Result indicated that the interaction effects of priming techniques and irrigation intervals significantly affected the phenological and yield parameters. Distilled water treatment in seven and ten days irrigation interval recorded the highest marketable carrot root yields of 33.73 t h-1 and 30.63 t h-1, respectively. Hence, hydro priming and seven days irrigation interval can be recommended for the production of carrot in the study area and similar agro-ecologies. Given the promising results obtained, further repetitions of the study are recommended to validate the use of these techniques in further locations and in different seasons.

Effects of Nopal and Goat Manure on Soil Fertility and the Growth, Yield and Physical Characteristics of Tomato and Carrot Plants

Nopal (Opuntia) is a resource that is discarded after pruning complete cladodes. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined use of organic matter (nopal) and goat manure on changes in soil characteristics and on the growth and yield performance of carrot and tomato plants. Physicochemical analysis of the soil and goat manure was carried out, and germination tests and physical characterization of the plants and the products obtained were performed on tomato and carrot plants after adding the components of the cladodes alone and the cladodes with goat manure. The results showed that the application of the nopal cladode components increased the cation exchange capacity of the soil. The highest germination rate was obtained by the application of liquid nopal, with a 1.7-fold increase in the germination rate of carrot seeds, while that for tomato seeds was only 14%. Similar results were obtained for the germination percentage. An increase in resistance to water stress of approximately 15 days was observed in both tomato and carrot plants. Plant development and production were achieved in tomato, with a 100% increase in carrot plant length and a threefold increase in production. The addition of nopal to the soil improved the soil characteristics and the production yield of carrots and tomatoes.

Impact of Fertilizer and Mulch on Growth, Yield and Quality of Carrot in Arecanut Cropping System Under Conservation Agriculture Practices

This study aims to comprehensively assess the influence of conservation agriculture techniques, encompassing reduced tillage, cover cropping (live mulch) and nutrient levels on a range of growth parameters and the ultimate yield of crop. As per the principles of conservation agriculture i.e., soil was disturbed minimally, berseem mulch was incorporated in the experiment and carrot was raised under arecanut plantation during rabi and it was succeeded by mint crop in pre-kharif season. Experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with seven treatments of different nutrient doses and mulch replicated thrice. Field experiments were conducted across two growing seasons i.e., 2019-20 and 2020-21 during Rabi (Winter) at Balindi research farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur. Precise measurements and meticulous analyses were conducted on key parameters; Vegetative growth i.e., plant height and number of leaves, yield attributing parameters like root length, diameter, weight and total yield of crop. TSS and beta carotene was also estimated. These parameters unequivocally indicate that conservation agriculture practices exert a substantial influence on both the growth and yield. Among various nutrient levels, higher dose of fertilizer (T4 - 120:90:120 NPK kg ha-1) with berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as a cover crop in the interspaces showed maximum vegetative growth i.e., plant height and number of leaves plant-1 at all growth stages (30, 60 and 90 DAS) while decreasing trend was observed in yield parameters with higher levels of nutrient doses, medium level of fertilizer dose (T5 - 90:60:90 kg ha-1 + berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) recorded highest root length, diameter, weight and projected yield of 18.5cm, 3.58 cm, 118.37 g plant-1 and 26.63 t ha-1 respectively. These findings underscore the considerable potential of conservation agriculture practices as a sustainable approach to optimize carrot crop production. This research contributes valuable scientific insights that hold significant implications for agricultural stakeholders, including farmers and practitioners, seeking to fine-tune carrot cultivation methodologies while concurrently fostering soil health and environmental sustainability.

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer and Irrigation Levels on Carrot Productivity

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer and Irrigation Levels on Carrot Productivity

Determining Light Conditions for Improved Carrot Growth in a Closed-type Plant Factory

Determining Light Conditions for Improved Carrot Growth in a Closed-type Plant Factory

Evaluation of different fertilizer sources for sustainable carrot production in Tehuledere district, northern Ethiopia

The demand for organic agriculture has been growing due to concerns about the environmental and health impacts of chemical-intensive farming. The study aimed to investigate the effects organic fertilizers on carrot (Nantes) growth and yield in Tehuledere district. The experiment was conducted at two sites (Gobeya and Libannos) using four fertilizer types (vermicompost, conventional compost, mixture of the two, and inorganic fertilizer) and a control. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications, and data were analyzed using R-software. The study analyzed various growth (emergence percentage, plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight of leaves), and yield (root length, root diameter, fresh weight of roots, marketable root yield, unmarketable root yield, and total root yield) parameters. Generally, fertilizer application improved (p < 0.001) growth and yield compared to the control. Vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer (NPSB) showed similar results (p > 0.001) but the highest values (p < 0.001) for most of the parameters (marketable yield was 41.7 t/ha±0.76 for vermicompost and 42.5 t/ha±1.14 for NPSB). However, NPSB could pose negative environmental impact that could not result in sustainability if used in excess and inappropriate (method and time) in particular. Therefore, carrot production using vermicompost is recommended for farmers of Tehuledere district and similar agroecological areas to enhance productivity while contributing to sustainable agriculture. The results have implications for policy makers, researchers, and farmers interested in promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable carrot production.

Evaluating the Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to Different Macronutrients and Harvesting Time

The growth and production of carrot influenced by macronutrients and harvesting time, thus a field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, between December 2020 and March 2021 during the Rabi season to evaluate the response of carrot to different macro nutrients and harvesting time. The experiment consisted of two factors i.e., macro nutrients and harvesting time, and laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor A: Different levels of macronutrients (4) i.e., F0= Control, F1= N160P50K120S30 kg ha-1, F2 = N185P70K140S40 kg ha-1, F3 = N210P90K160S50 kg ha-1 and Factor B: A Harvesting time (3) i.e., H1 = 90 days after sowing, H2 = 100 days after sowing and H3 = 110 days after sowing. Experimental results revealed that different levels of macronutrients and harvesting time significantly influenced the growth and yield of carrot. In case of combination treatment (macro nutrients and harvesting time) the highest brix percentage of carrot root (8.20 %), marketable root yield per plot of carrot (6.40 kg) and marketable root yield of carrots per hectare (26.67 t) were observed in the F2H2 treatment combination comparable to others treatment combinations. Therefore, it was suggested that cultivation of carrot through application of fertilizer @ N185P70K140S40 kg ha-1 (F2) and harvesting at 100 days after sowing (H2), appeared to be best for achieving higher growth, yield and quality root of carrot.

Effect of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Different Carrot Varieties (Daucus carota L.)

A study was conducted at Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, from October 2019 to March 2020 to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the growth and yield of four different carrots (Daucus carota L.) varieties. The experimental treatments were three different sowing dates (19th October, 13th November, and 8th December) and four varieties (New Kuroda, Nepa Dream, SK3, and Taki) which constituted 12 treatments. The experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that sowing dates and varieties significantly influenced the growth and yield of carrots. But interaction effect was not significant. Maximum plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, canopy diameter, root length (15.37 cm), root diameter (2.74 cm), and fresh root weight (133 g) were obtained with Nepa Dream variety. Similarly, the highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf breadth, canopy diameter, root diameter (3.27 cm), root length (16.23 cm), and fresh root weight (162.60 g) was obtained with first sowing (19th October) which might be due to favorable condition available during the growing condition and also early sowing possibly attributed to maximum photosynthesis with longer growth period than the later sowing. The combined effect of sowing date and varieties was significant with the number of leaves per plant, cortex diameter, and core-to-cortex ratio. So based on the results of the experiment, Nepa Dream sown on 19th October was economically better for the optimum yield and quality production in Chitwan, Nepal.

Production and Quality Evaluation of Acha (D.exilis)-Cowpea (Phaseleous vulgaris)-Carrot (Daucus carota) Based Couscous

The quality of couscous produced from acha, cowpea and carrot flour blends were investigated. The chemical composition, functional and pasting properties of acha, cowpea and carrot flour blends and sensory properties of the couscous prepared from acha, cowpea and carrot flour blends at ratios of 100:0:0; 90:5:5; 80:10:10; 75:15:10; 70:15:15; 65:20:15; 60:20:20; 55:25:20 and 50:25:25 were analyzed using standard methods. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fiber contents increased from 9.38 to 14.49, 8.40 to 9.75, 1.59 to 2.62, 3.89 to 5.85 and 2.77 to 3.31%, respectively with increase in the addition of cowpea and carrot flours. While the carbohydrates decreased from 73.97 to 63.98% with increase in the addition of cowpea and carrot flours. The sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and phosphorus contents of the couscous samples content ranged from 13.51 to 33.78, 89.10 to 128.44, 23.20 to 40.72, 1.80 to 4.44, 3.71 to 14, 125.72 to 196. 35 and 91.53 to 118.91 mg/100g, respectively. The average mean scores for mouth feel, texture and flavor increased from 5.75 to 6.88, 6.00 to 7.18 and 6.68 to 6.94, respectively, with increase in cowpea flour up to 20% and decreased with further increase. The most acceptable and preferred couscous blend was that with 20% cowpea and 15% carrot flour with corresponding improvement of 12.38% protein and 44.18% fiber content. The acceptability of acha-cowpea-carrot flour blend couscous could greatly improve the nutritional intake of the consumers and as well reduce importation of wheat flour and encourage commercial growth of cowpea and carrot in Nigeria.

Optimized Fertilizer–Water Management Improves Carrot Quality and Soil Nutrition and Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the North China Plain

In order to improve carrot quality and soil nutrition and reduce the environmental pollution caused by intensive carrot production, more comprehensive combined water–fertilizer management strategies are necessary. This study hypothesizes that optimal management of water and fertilizer can improve carrot yield and quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and soil nutrient residues. Thus, coordinated water–fertilizer management strategies were tested for carrot production on the North China Plain over two consecutive growing seasons. Four treatments were tested: local standard fertilization and irrigation practices (FNP); optimized irrigation and chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (OPT); OPT treatment with partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with peanut shell (PS); and OPT treatment with partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with mushroom residue (M). Compared to the FNP treatment, there were statistically significant increases in soluble sugars (12–27%) and free amino acids (14–26%), and decreases in the nitrate content (7–17%) of fleshy root in the OPT, PS, and M treatments. In autumn carrots, the OPT and M treatments decreased yield, whereas PS increased yield; spring carrot yield was significantly decreased in the OPT, PS, and M groups compared to the FNP group. There were no significant effects of the treatment group on carrot growth rates, nutrient accumulation, or nutrient distribution. However, the OPT, PS, and M treatments were associated with significantly increased partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer (233–363%), reduced residual levels of nitrate and available phosphorus in the top 80 cm of soil, and decreased greenhouse gas emissions by 8–18% compared to the FNP treatment. These results highlight the effectiveness of partial organic fertilizer substitution and integrated water–fertilizer management to produce high-quality carrots with minimal environmental damage.

Nisin combined with radio frequency: Effectiveness on microbial growth, physiological quality, and structure of pre-made carrots

Pre-made carrots are fresh and ready to eat or to be cooked. However, processing steps such as washing, peeling, and slicing often result in juice loss and microbial contamination. In this study, an optimal combination between nisin and radio frequency (NRF) for synergistic processing of pre-made carrots was proposed by orthogonal tests. Pre-made carrots were separately treated by NRF, single nisin or radio frequency (RF), nisin and ultrasonic waves (NUW), or blanching, and then the total bacterial count, physiological quality, and physical microstructure during storage were compared between groups. The results showed that NRF treatment effectively inactivated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli) and extended the shelf life of pre-made carrots to 42 days. Carotenoids and ascorbic acid were considerably retained. The whiteness index and unacceptable odor of pre-made carrots were also significantly suppressed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellular microstructure of NRF-treated pre-made carrots had slight curling and folding, which was superior to NUW or blanching treatments. Pearson correlation analysis found that there were different correlations between the quality of pre-made carrots with different treatments. Therefore, the experimental results of this paper can provide help for food processing industry to produce high-quality pre-made carrots, and even other pre-made foods as well.

Eco-friendly approach to decrease the harmful effects of untreated wastewater on growth, yield, biochemical constituents, and heavy metal contents of carrot (Daucus carota L.).

Here, the impact of irrigation using untreated wastewater (WW) on carrots (Daucus carota L.) was examined. We hypothesized that the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), dry algal powder (Spirulina platensis or Chlorella vulgaris), and Salix alba leaves powder would function as chelators for harmful contaminants in wastewater. The findings showed that irrigation of carrot plants with the sampled untreated wastewater led to significant decreases in the shoot lengths, fresh, dry weights of shoots and roots at stage I, the diameter of roots, pigment content, carotenoids, total soluble carbohydrate content, and soluble protein content. Furthermore, a significantly increased level of proline, total phenols, and the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) was identified in stage I samples. In contrast to the stage I, the length of the roots, the number of leaves on each plant, wet and dry weights of the stage II roots were all greatly enhanced. In spite of the increased yield due to the wastewater irrigation, carrot roots irrigated with wastewater had significantly more cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb) than is considered safe. Our data clearly show that the application of Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, EDTA, and leaves powder of salix was able to alleviate the toxicity of wastewater on carrot plants. For example, we recorded a significant decrease in the accumulation of carrot's Cd, Ni, Co, and Pb contents. We conclude that the treatments with Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris can be utilized as eco-friendly tools to lessen the damaging effects of wastewater irrigation on carrot plants.

Growth and Yield Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to different Soil Amendments

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important vegetable that is ranked tenth among the succulent vegetables in the world. It is easy to cultivate and requires a moderate amount of nutrients in comparison to other vegetables. However, carrot production in Liberia is almost negligible, as farmers are not aware of its requirements, its cultivation, and the unsuitable environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the growth and yield performance of carrot under different soil amendments. The experiment was done at the Cuttington University research and demonstration site in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were: 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1 compost; 300 t ha-1 NPK (15:15:15); and control (0 t ha-1). The distance between plots and between blocks was 0.5 m and 1 m, respectively. Results indicated that The highest recorded plant root length (11.10 cm) occurred in the 20 t ha-1 compost application, while the lowest (6.84 cm) was observed in the control treatment. The highest root diameter (22.89 mm) was recorded in the treatment with 20 t ha-1 while the lowest (17.59 mm) was recorded in the control treatment. Results showed that the maximum root weight (31.73 g) occurred in the 20 t ha-1 compost treatment, while the minimum (12.33 g) was observed in the control. These variations are likely attributed to nutrient levels, which play a vital role in promoting root length, diameter, and overall yield in the plant. That means the lowest values in all the parameters might be due to the low rate of compost applied to the soil. In conclusion, the highest overall growth and yield performance among carrot plants were observed in the 20 t ha-1 compost treatment, followed by 15 t ha-1, 300 t ha-1 NPK (15:15:15), 10 t ha-1, and the control. It is therefore recommended that farmers apply 20 t ha-1 of compost for maximum growth and yield performance in carrot production.

PH-tailored monodispersed nanopolystyrene: environmental impact on PGPR and nitrogen cycling in agricultural soils

ABSTRACT Emulsion polymerization was optimized to synthesize polystyrene nanoparticles (NPSt) with tailored sizes by adjusting pH and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) content. An NPSt sample prepared with 20 mg AIBN at pH 8 showed the smallest size (88 nm) and narrowest distribution (24 nm peak width). XRD patterns indicated semi-crystalline nature for this optimized sample. The involvement of synthesized NPSt in the nitrogen (N) cycle enhanced our understanding of nitrogen transformations and the response of microbial populations to polystyrene nanoparticles in the environment. In vitro experiments revealed compatibility of NPSt with tested PGPR strains, with no inhibition zones observed. Furthermore, carrot growth in soil containing 400 mg/kg NPSt showed no significant changes in biomass or shoot height compared to control soil. This demonstrates the NPSt samples had no negative effects on PGPR or soil nitrogen transformations and bacterial communities. Overall, the study optimized the synthesis of NPSt, evaluated environmental impacts on soil nitrogen cycling and PGPR, and found no toxicity of NPSt on PGPR or carrot growth up to 400 mg/kg concentration. The insights contribute to understanding nanomaterial interactions in agricultural systems, highlighting the need to consider the environmental impacts of nanoparticles.

Integrated nutrient management approaches increased the growth and yield of carrot

Integrated nutrient management approaches increased the growth and yield of carrot

Growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) as influenced by seed priming

The research work was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, from October 2021 to February 2022 to examine the influence of seed priming on the growth and yield of carrots in the Punjab region. The experiment was conducted using a two-factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The first factor consisted of fourteen priming agents (T1- Zinc (ZnSO4 at 1%), T2- GA3 (50 ppm), T3- GA3 (100 ppm), T4- Cinnamon (10%), T5- Cinnamon (15%), T6- Coconut water (5%), T7- Coconut water (12.5%), T8- Panchagavya (3%), T9- Panchagavya (5%), T10- KNO3 (0.5%), T11- KCl (1%), T12- Cow urine (2%), T13- Cow urine (5%), T14- Water) and one control (T15- Unprimed seeds). The second factor comprised two commercial cultivars, namely, V1- Carrot Deep Red and V2- Black Wonder. Results revealed that the application of 100 ppm GA3, Panchagavya (5%), cow urine (2%), and coconut water (5%) as priming agents in carrots had better growth and yield as compared to the remaining treatments. Therefore, priming carrot seeds could be recommended as an effective method to improve the performance of the plants in terms of both growth and yield attributes.

Comparative studies on the effect of various biofertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Comparative studies on the effect of various biofertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Study on the application of sprinkler irrigation technology for the growth of carrots and cauliflowers

Study on the application of sprinkler irrigation technology for the growth of carrots and cauliflowers