Growth Of Urban Centers Research Articles

Study of Urban Growth Center Development Factors and Simulation The Mamminasata Urban Area

Urban growth starts from a center and affects the surrounding areas, this is due to the emergence of additional centers that will each function as growth poles, to study the dynamics related to urban growth center information, several data and extraction and analysis methods are needed. This study examines several methods of extracting information on urban growth centers from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS in 2013 and 2023 by utilizing the spectral resolution of Landsat imagery in the Mamminasata area, and integrating spatial modeling to simulate the growth centers of the Mamminasata area in the next 10 years (2043). The results of this research classification method show an accuracy rate of 71.48%. The results of the determinant factor test show that the most influential factors are the distance from the center of shops, slope, then the distance from the university, and the distance from the main road in 2013-2023 Mamminasata Urban Area. The results of this variable drive test are then used in spatial simulations using the markov chain simulation method in the LCM module and show an increase in the area of the growth center in the Mamminasata region, for the entire scope of the Mamminasata region, the Makassar City area shows the highest intensity of regional growth centers and becomes the center of growth in the Mamminasata urban area. The planning concept applied to the results of this study is based on resources, geographic location, and factors affecting the growth center.

Ecological risk assessment for metals in sediment and waters from the Brazilian Amazon region

Pollution by metals is a matter of concern around the world. In recent decades, the high population growth in urban centers has significantly magnified the entry of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The Amazon region, intense migratory flow, gold mining, and industrialization have been considered the main driving forces for increasing metal pollution. Thus, the main aim of this study is to conduct, for the first time, an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) based on metal concentrations measured in the sediment and water of several aquatic environments from the Amazon basin, based on the risk quotient values (RQ = measured environmental concentration - MEC/predicted no effect concentration - PNEC). In addition, the metal contamination factor (CF) was estimated. Although metal concentrations in water were generally low, these values were far above the limits established by current national legislation in many areas, showing higher concentrations for the metals Co, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and As were especially high in the sediment for several evaluated environments. The ERA for the water compartment revealed that 56% of the studied areas presented high risk (RQ > 1) for aquatic biota. In the sediment, 66% of the sites presented a high risk and 40% medium risk (RQ = 0.1–1). The CF indicated that 49% of the sampling points had high contamination and only 24%, had low contamination. These results reveal that monitoring studies in the Amazon region, provides important information so that public policies for the preservation of water resources can be strengthened in the Amazon.

Role of Migration in Urbanisation in the Himalayan Foothill Region of West Bengal, India: A Geospatial Analysis

The present study analyses rural to urban migration and the growth of urban centres in the Himalayan foothill region (Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Koch Bihar) of West Bengal and investigates the role of migration in urban growth and processes in this region. The study is based on data from the Census of India (migration table and general population table) from 1951 to 2011. Geospatial techniques have been used to show the evaluation, spatial distribution and growth of urban centres in the recent past. The study found that from 1951 to 2011, the total population increased by 4 times, while the total urban population increased by 10 times, and the number of urban centres increased by 7 times, which is higher than the national level. The proportion of the urban population and the concentration of urban centres show that urbanisation in the Himalayan foothill region is mainly concentrated in the district headquarters. The study also illustrates that migration towards urban centres is a dominant factor contributing to the progress and growth of urban centres in this region. Moreover, the growth of new urban centres, the direction of urban growth and the contribution of migration to urban growth predict that Koch Bihar and Alipurduar urban agglomerations will join together and emerge as twin cities in the Himalayan foothill region.

The growth of urban centers in Shenzhen

The growth of urban centers in Shenzhen

Infuence of inverted-v-braced system on the stability and strength of multi-story steel frames

Population growth in urban centers, together with the lack of physical space, has led to the construction of increasingly tall and slender buildings. Multiple-story structures present substantial challenges to civil engineering because they have specific requirements for their design, construction, and use. The increased number of foors leads to more lateral displacements resulting from horizontal actions. Under these conditions, to ensure system stability, structural bracing components are commonly adopted. In addition, along with the use of more resistant materials and new construction techniques, it is necessary to improve the methodologies adopted in the structural analysis to offer professionals in the area the conditions to undertake safer and more economical projects with better speed and efficiency. Thus, in this study, numerical analyses were applied to steel planar reticulated structures to evaluate their stability and strength when inserting bracing systems. The study compared the arrangement of the bars and analyzed the influence of the parameters of the bracing systems, such as the properties of the cross-section and the position of the inverted-V-braced system. The MASTAN2 program was used to perform nonlinear static assessments using reticulated finite elements that considered both geometrical and physical nonlinearities. It was observed that the inverted-V-braced system had a substantial impact on all of the structures that were analyzed, providing increased stiffiness and, as a result, significantly reducing the frame’s lateral displacement.

Off-Grid Electrical Urbanism: Emerging Solar Energy Geographies in Ordinary Cities

ABSTRACT Off-grid solar products, which are typically positioned as a solution to rural energy poverty, have experienced rapid sales growth in urban centers across the Global South over the last decade. In this article, we critically examine the rapidly emerging off-grid electrical urbanism in the Global South, with a focus on how off-grid solar technologies are reshaping urban energy geographies in “ordinary cities.” We document how forms of off-grid electrical urbanisms have emerged as a response to urban energy poverty, drawing on case study insights from Gulu (Uganda), Mzuzu (Malawi), and Luganville (Vanuatu). In doing so, we demonstrate how the flow of off-grid solar products are shaped by a range of differing political economies—including financial flows, migration dynamics, and regional aid programs. We go on to argue that off-grid electrical urbanism, in its current form, is largely underpinned by a marketized model of energy infrastructure dissemination. A model that tends to reproduce geographies of energy inequality.

Status of Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater in India – A Review

After the industrial revolution, human beings are utilizing natural resources in an accelerated and alarming rate, which has resulted into the release of very harmful substances into the environment. Along with industrialization, there was the growth of urban centers with changed lifestyles having an additional burden on the environment posing a serious threat to the delicate ecological balance. For cleaning this waste, especially domestic wastewater by conventional treatment methods, all governments, and local civic bodies have to incur huge capital expenditures on them. Some alternative green technologies, such as the technique of phytoremediation for the treatment of domestic wastewater are much promising. This review article focuses on a selection of plant species for phytoremediation which are indigenous, have the potential of cleaning domestic wastewater, and can easily adapt to local ecosystems without harming them along with some socio-economic and ecological benefits.

Growth of Urban Centres in a Hill State: A Case of Himachal Pradesh

An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities is referred to as urban expansion. It is the result of population concentration in reaction to the availability of a wide range of amenities and services in the city center. Himachal Pradesh, as India's least urbanized state, experienced a significant increase in the number of urban settlements between 1951 and 2011. Understanding the stages of urban development in a country/state can be aided by studying urban growth by size class of towns. As a result, the current paper is a modest attempt to look into Himachal Pradesh's urban growth by size class from 1951. It is based on data of the Census of India from 1951 to 2011. Himachal Pradesh's urban population increased by 4.5 times, from 1.53 lakh in 1951 to 6.88 lakh in 2011. The creation of new towns, which increased the overall number of towns to 59 in 2011 from 29 in 1901, is responsible for a substantial portion of the rise in urban population. The state's urbanization statistics suggest that the state's urban population is growing at a relatively slow pace. The prevalence of smaller towns can be seen in the structure pattern. The state has only one class I town, Shimla. Shimla's primacy among Himachal Pradesh's towns may be seen in the fact that the city accounts for approximately one fifth of the state's total urban population during the research period. In the districts of Kinnaur and Lahul Spiti, there are no towns; these districts are void of any urban population.

A Low-Cost Smart Surveillance System Applied to Vehicle License Plate Tracking

The growth of urban centers has a major impact on our lives and on our society, one of which is the increase in the vehicle fleet, which in turns is a major offender in increasing road congestion, pollution, accidents, theft of vehicles, among others. With a focus on minimizing problems with theft of vehicles in an urban environment this paper proposes a low cost Internet of Things for smart surveillance system. The central element of the system is attached to a vehicle that travels in an urban environment making Automatic License Plate Recognition of the vehicles license plates in front of it. The information collected is forwarded to a cloud service that is responsible for monitoring restricted vehicle license plates to view positioning, time, date and statistics related to restricted vehicle license plates. Experimental results obtained in test paths in an urban environment show promising results. The low cost of implementing the system allows it to be scaled to a fleet of vehicles, making it possible to build a mobile intelligent surveillance network, amplifying the monitoring capacity of an urban area.

Gauging Urban Growth of Colonial Jorhat: An Offshoot of Colonial State and British Private Companies’ Nexus

One of the most important areas that history writing has ventured into recently is to trace the growth of urban centres, cities and town during the colonial period. Most of these studies reveal deeper and more complex philosophies and ideas that went behind the making of the same. This paper will attempt to narrate the history of colonial Jorhat and proposes that the same happened not only through the activities of the colonial state but also through its illicit involvements with numerous private English tea companies, whose role in the process of understanding urbanization has otherwise been downplayed. It shall also attempt to locate briefly the transformation of the economy because of the emergence of tea plantation and its other consequences. And most importantly, the paper shall attempt to engage is the idea of evaluating history through the impact of a particular process rather than the initial intent.

Fire Hazard in Chattogram City Corporation Area: A Critical Analysis of Its Causes and Mitigation Measures

Fire can have its origin either in natural or human activities resulting in death and/or property damage in a very short period of time. To develop fire hazard-resilient cities proper attention should be given to all possible sections of development to facilitate the service. Chattogram City is the second largest city of Bangladesh. Due to rapid rate of urbanization and unplanned growth of urban centers; hazards like fire have become a menace for the Chattogram City Corporation (CCC) area. So, the main objective of this research is to identify the nature of the fire hazard by analyzing frequency and intensity over time through different checklists and analyzing the existing firefighting capacity. In addition to past fire incident records, a direct questionnaire survey was utilized and expert opinion was solicited for primary data collection. Using geographical information systems (GIS) techniques, this study found that nine fire stations in the CCC area exhibited different frequency and intensity in different categories such as type of structure, land use, source of fire, damage, and losses in last 5 years. The number of fire incidents increased from 200 to 675 which indicates that the frequency increased over time. Among 2,514 fire accidents, 47% occurred in residential areas and 27% occurred in commercial areas. Fire intensity also varied with seasonal variation over a year. Within the last 5 years, the Chattogram City Corporation dealt with a 179,091,200 BDT financial loss and 83 people were injured, of which 15 were due to fire accidents. One the other hand, only nine fire stations serve the ~155 sq.km area and ~6 million people live in the CCC area which is 17 and 19 times larger than that of Bangkok and Oklahoma City. Finally, this data-driven approach and findings could help emergency planners to take necessary steps for improving firefighting capability to ensure better fire safety and resiliency.

A gênese do mercado nacional e a Cia. Industrial Sanjoanense (c.1890-c.1913)

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir o conceito de mercado nacional por meio de informações de e  mpresas fabris e comerciais publicadas pela Companhia Lloyd’s, em 1913. Essas informações nos possibilitam considerar que a integração dos mercados regionais já havia se estabelecido durante o final do século XIX, convivendo com a escravidão e o crescimento dos núcleos urbanos. A Companhia Industrial São Joanense vai se caracterizar pelas condições regionais assimétricas que a construção do mercado nacional criou, concentrando o mercado de capitais no Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Â

Power Centres and Marginal Landscapes: Tracking Pre- and Post-Conquest (Late Iron Age and Medieval) Land-Use in the Cēsis Castle Hinterland, Central Latvia

ABSTRACT During the late Iron Age, the eastern Baltic was inhabited by Finno-Ugric and Baltic speaking societies whose territories were conquered in the thirteenth century as a result of the crusades. This paper examines the degree to which indigenous landscapes were transformed as a result of the crusades, and the evidence for maintenance of indigenous land-use practices. Vegetation and land-use history are reconstructed using palynological data from Cēsis castle and its terriitory. Comparison is made with selected palynological, archaeological and documentary data across Livonia (Latvia and Estonia) and contrasted with the greater impact of the crusades in nearby Prussia. Despite the emergence of key power centres in the medieval period, including towns and castles such as Cēsis, many parts of the rural landscape remained largely unchanged by the crusades, particularly in those more marginal landscapes studied in this paper. Lower intensity land-use can be linked to poor agricultural soils but also reflect the limited colonisation of rural landscapes beyond the major towns and castles. Indigenous societies and practices survived to a greater degree, with later agricultural intensification in the fourteenth century reflecting the increasing political stability, growth of urban centres, establishment of serfdom and the development of the manorial system.

Utilizing participatory urban decision-making model to support smart growth strategies in Baghdad City

Participatory urban decision making is a crucial component to the success of sustainable urban management where medium and long-range decisions have to be made routinely. Contrary to contemporary trends, Urban development plans in Iraq remain a linear process emanating from top to bottom in an environment of rapidly changing social, physical, and demographic circumstances. Adopting smart growth strategies is needed to transform existing conditions within the City of Baghdad metropolitan area in particular, and the remaining urban centers in general. Incorporating strong Smart Growth policies into urban development plans requires making rational and effective decisions on the municipal level. The mechanism to reach decisions must be calibrated in contemplation of accommodating and sustaining any new strategy. This research aims to explore the best framework to manage Growth in urban centers and investigate a relevant model to apply participatory decision making to reach consensus among multiple urban stakeholders. The research surveyed the opinion of experts in the field to measure the applicability of such model taking into consideration the local specificity of the Iraqi experience. The research has concluded that participatory decision-making requires the careful consideration of local mechanisms and circumstances in order to reverse urban decision making from the status quo policy to a bottom-up approach.

EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA O PLANEJAMENTO NA ARBORIZAÇÃO EM PORTO VELHO/RO

O objetivo deste artigo é demostrar os benefícios que a arborização urbana pode trazer para a cidade de Porto Velho como o conforto térmico, a paisagem, a melhoria da qualidade do ar, a redução de poluição sonora, o conforto ambiental, a saúde física e mental da população além do contato com o ambiente. Entende-se que o crescimento dos centros urbanos não é acompanhado pelo planejamento ambiental das cidades. O fluxo econômico propicia os movimentos de migração que ocupam e desocupam os perímetros urbanos de forma descontrolada e, às vezes, deixando impactos que demoram a ser revertidos. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa documental através da Lei Complementar nº 590/2015 que institui o Plano Diretor de Arborização Urbana do Município de Porto Velho e a Revisão do Plano Diretor de 2018 e a pesquisa bibliográfica de autores de Educação Ambiental. Os projetos de arborização já foram implantados pela prefeitura da capital rondoniense deixando em alerta quanto as espécies escolhidas, pois algumas raízes como por exemplo a da espécie fícus, podem romper a tubulação de drenagem em busca de água, portanto o projeto prevê plantio de ipês, oitis, resendá, munguba e sibipiruna.

Linking Earth Observations for Assessing the Food Security Situation in Vietnam: A Landscape Approach

Land cover change and its impact on food security is a topic that has major implications for development in population-dense Southeast Asia. The main drivers of forest loss include the expansion of agriculture and plantation estates, growth of urban centers, extraction of natural resources, and water infrastructure development. The design and implementation of appropriate land use policies requires accurate and timely information on land cover dynamics to account for potential political, economical, and agricultural consequences. Therefore, SERVIR-Mekong led the collaborative development of a Regional Land Cover Monitoring System (RLCMS) with key regional stakeholders across the greater Mekong region. Through this effort, a modular system was used to create yearly land cover maps for the period 1988 - 2017. In this study, we compared this 30-year land cover time-series with Viet Nam national forest resources and agricultural productivity statistics. We used remote sensing-derived land cover products to quantify landscape changes and linked those with food availability, one of food security dimension, from a landscape approach perspective. We found that agricultural production has soared while the coverage of agricultural areas has remained relatively stable. Land cover change dynamics coincide with important legislation regarding environmental management and sustainable development strategies in Viet Nam. Our findings indicate that Vietnam has made major steps towards improving its' food security. We demonstrate that RLCMS is a valuable tool for evaluating the relationship between policies and their impacts on food security, ecosystem services and natural capital.

Enhancing Staffing In Rural Community Health Centers Can Help Improve Behavioral Health Care.

Community health centers are a vital part of the primary and behavioral health care systems in rural areas. We compared behavioral health care staffing and services in rural and urban centers. In the period 2013-17 the overall staff-to-patient ratio in behavioral health rose by 66percent in rural centers, faster than growth in urban centers (49percent). Growth in both settings was mostly driven by clinical social workers and other licensed mental health providers; staffing by psychiatrists and psychologists changed only slightly. In rural centers the average adjusted increase in annual visits per additional behavioral health staff member was 411 for substance use disorders, slightly higher than at urban centers. Additional annual visits per additional staff member in rural centers were 539 for depression, 466 for anxiety, and 300 for other mental disorders, similar to the numbers in urban centers. Behavioral health staff currently participating in the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) contributed more to visits for depression and anxiety in rural centers, compared to both their urban counterparts and non-NHSC staff in rural centers. Enhancing behavioral health staffing in rural community health centers could help reduce the urban-rural gap in the availability of behavioral health services, but still more could be done.

Spatial analysis of urban growth based on city center and central business district (a case study of Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar)

The use of historical and present spatial data in urban growth analysis has been considered as a fundamental prerequisite in urban geographical studies, future planning and implementation of city development policies. In the current study, a comparative analysis of urban growth based on city center and central business district (CBD) of Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar was carried out. Four temporal satellite images of 5 years interval were used to determine the pattern, the process and general conditions of expansion of the urban extents in different directions. Pearson’s chi-square test and Shannon’s entropy measure were used to evaluate the degree-of-freedom and degree of sprawl towards the analysis of urban growth. To combine the previously mentioned statistics, the degree of goodness was used. The comparative analysis shows that there are contradictive results in the derived statistical measures from both considered urban growth centers indicating different conditions of urban growth. Deeper analysis accompanied by the theory of Von Thünen on urban land use support that the CBD is the most appropriate center of growth for the application of the previously mentioned statistical measures for the case of Antananarivo city.

Exploring the dynamics of urban sprawl using geo-spatial indices: a study of English Bazar Urban Agglomeration, West Bengal

The term “urban sprawl” can be defined in a number of ways. Traditionally, urban sprawls were described in qualitative terms. At present, geo-spatial indices are mostly used to measure and quantify “urban sprawl.” This study measures the extent and magnitude of “urban sprawl” by employing seven landscape metrics and Shannon entropy in remote sensing and GIS environments. The study also explores the prospective future urban growth centers based on the directionality and magnitude of sprawling. The analysis also shows a dynamic trend of urban expansion beyond its defined boundary which results in “urban sprawl.” This is also supported by the result of selected landscape metrics which revealed that high growth of sprawl is taking place in the Northwest and Southwest part of English Bazar UA. The diversified methodology employed in this study effectively demonstrates the dynamic growth pattern of sprawl and also helps in timely monitoring of spatial dynamics, its variation, and changing forms of “urban sprawl” patterns using spatio-temporal remote-sensing data in a growing city like English Bazar UA of West Bengal, India.

Análise e estudo de materiais para aproveitamento de água em pavimento permeável quando comparado com pavimento convencional

O crescimento desordenado de centros urbanos, acabam por gerar diversos tipos de transtornos, principalmente na questão de drenagem pluvial. Grandes alagamentos acabam por gerar diversos prejuízos a sociedade. Este artigo, teve por objetivo comparar e analisar a viabilidade da utilização do pavimento de concreto permeável, na rua Dr. Laerte Laender, no município de Teófilo Otoni/MG, afim de evitar enchentes, ocasionados pela falta de drenagem e escoamento da água da chuva. No desenvolvimento do artigo, ao interpretar o comportamento do solo no local indicado, foi possível verificar um alto índice de penetração de água a partir de 1,20 m de profundidade no solo, sendo assim viável a implantação de um sistema sem infiltração, canalizando a água para um reservatório, cujo volume determinado de acordo com o índice pluviométrico da região, é um valor próximo de 7,424 m³. Portanto apesar das dificuldades encontradas pode-se dizer que é viável a utilização do pavimento de concreto permeável, afim de reduzir esses transtornos gerados.