Growth Of Preschool Children Research Articles

A consensus report on the development of growth screening tool for preschool-aged children

Introduction: The first few years of a child’s life are the most crucial for appropriate growth and development. As per the latest National Family and Health Survey (2019-21), India still faces a dual burden of malnutrition with a significant number of children below the age 5 either stunted, wasted, or overweight. This necessitates periodic screening of a child’s growth. Early identification can go a long way in addressing areas of concern and improving future health outcomes. Objective: This tool was created with the objective of screening the holistic growth of preschool children. Methodology: A questionnaire was developed taking into consideration four important aspects that need to be tracked to assess the holistic growth and development of a child – Body mass index (BMI), questions related to health habits, overall well-being and immunity and, age-appropriate achievement of developmental milestones. An advisory board committee was formed comprising three Paediatricians, one Developmental Paediatrician, and three Nutritionists. Results: Questions under each category were discussed and finalized. A consensus on the scoring pattern was reached and the tool was developed after the agreement of all the board members. The tool was named “Growth Chakra”. Conclusion: This tool is an easy parent-friendly tool to assess growth in preschool children. This tool is not a diagnostic tool and cannot replace medical advice. The findings of this tool will help create awareness about the child’s growth and help to identify the need for medical or nutritional intervention.

Effect of oral nutrition supplement on growth in preschool children – a systems physiology-based in silico analysis

Introduction: Optimum nutrition is the cornerstone of child growth and development. Childhood is a period of rapid growth and development. Children of preschool age have higher nutritional needs and are often at risk of nutrient deficiencies. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) on growth parameters in a representative population. Methods: We used the systems-biology-based mathematical model for child growth to analyze the effect of ONS on growth in a representative in silico population of preschool children. The analysis included changes in average growth velocities of weight, height, muscle mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mass. We used meta-data analysis for evaluating the absorption of micronutrients present in the ONS that affects growth in preschool children. Results: The results of the analysis showed one serving of ONS in milk/day improved the weight gain velocity by 1.7 times in preschool children. The linear growth was 1.04 times higher than the control. The absorption of micronutrients such as iron, vitamin K, calcium, and magnesium was higher in the ONS group. Conclusions: This study indicates that the ONS containing macro and micronutrients, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and prebiotics can potentiate growth and development in preschool children. It provides micronutrients that can be readily absorbed which are essential for other vital functions in the body.

PERAN ORANG TUA PADA TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK PRASEKOLAH DENGAN PENGGUNAAN GADGET DI BANDA ACEH

Introducing the gadget to children at an early age can affect their social interaction skills since they tend to be engrossed in their world by focusing on it. Furthermore, they tend to be less aware of their environment to ignore someone who greets or invites them to talk to them. Adversely, their obsession with games can reduce their interest and learning achievement. In addition, the eagerness to browse the internet to access such videos can preoccupy them so that they much less socialize with their peers or even their parents. The purpose of this study was to observe the role of parents on the growth of preschool children with the use of gadgets at TK AsyiahSukaRamai in Banda Aceh. The research design used in this study was descriptive and correlative. The sample was 40 respondents. The data were collected from 3rd to 6th December 2022 through the use of questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there is a relationship between the role of parents to preschool children with the use of gadgets as a guide with the value of p = 0.020, as an educator with p = 0.020, and as a supervisor with p = 0.001. In addition, there is a relationship between the role of parents as a motivator for preschool children with the influence of gadgets with a value of p = 0.021. It is expected that the result of this research can provide valuable insight to parents in guiding, educating, supervising, and motivating their preschool children's development in this digital era, especially in terms of the negative influence of gadgets.

Using Nvivo to Analyze the Impact of Computer Simulation of Parent-Child Cooperative Art Activities on the Growth of Preschool Children.

Psychology originally defined parent-child conflict in terms of interpersonal relationships, where parent-child conflict is a process of inconsistent attitudes between parents and children that occurs in a family setting. For this end, we aims to investigate the influence of parental awareness on preschoolers' perception of parent-child conflict and the mediating role of preschoolers' self-esteem. This paper proposes a dynamic parent-child relationship discovery algorithm based on the impact of parent-child cooperation activities on preschool children's development. We applied SPSS and Mplus statistical software for data processing and analysis, and Nvivo 11.0 qualitative software for validation and analysis. The reliability of preschool children's perceived parent-child conflict and sub-dimensions were: 0.901, 0.799, 0.791, 0.811, 0.729; the total scale and the retest reliability of each dimension were: 0.914, 0.837, 0.836, 0.792, 0.711. Validated factor analysis using Mplus: RMSEA = 0.075, TLI = 0.856, CFI = 0.876, SRMR = 0.064.

The Relationship between Family Participation and the Growth of Pre-School Children During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Working Area of the UPT Puskesmas Kampung Bugis

The problem of growth along with the problem of child nutrition is a public health problem that has a multifactorial impact on the quality of life of children as the next generation of the nation. This study aims to determine the relationship between family participation and the growth of pre-school children. Using a correlational quantitative design approach cross sectional Sommers'd test on a sample of 59 by purposive sampling. Families as respondents have heads of families with high school education (n=37; 62.7%), nuclear family (n=53; 89.8%), as private workers (n=38; 64.4%), and have one person pre-school age children (n=25; 44.1%). The majority of family participation was good (n = 42; 71.2%) and the growth of the majority of pre-school children was normal (n = 29; 49.2%). There is a strong relationship between family participation and the growth of pre-school children in the working area of ​​the UPT Puskesmas Kampung Bugis (sig 0.000; value 0.651).

Attention to the fine-grained aspect of words in the environment emerges in preschool children with high reading ability

ABSTRACT Attention to words is closely related to the process of learning to read. However, it remains unclear how attention to words in environmental print (such as words on product labels) is changed with the growth of preschool children’s reading ability. We thus used eye tracking technique to compare attention to words in environmental print in children at low (32, 15 males, 5.12 years) and high (32, 17 males, 5.16 years) reading levels during a free viewing task. To characterize which aspects of visual word form children attend to, we constructed three types of stimuli embedded in the same context: words in environment print, symbol strings (similar shape to words but without strokes), and character strings (comparable with words in the number of strokes and the structures). We observed that children at both reading levels showed lower percentages of fixations and fixation time in words relative to symbol strings, suggesting they start to attend to the coarse aspect of visual word form. Interestingly, only children at higher reading level showed lower percentages of fixations and fixation time for words relative to character strings, suggesting that attention to the fine-grained aspect of visual word form emerged, and was closely to reading ability.

Stimulate Smooth Motoric Development in Preschool Children By Using Educational Game Tools

Introduction: The development of smooth motoric, language, and interact to adapted in social are the growth of preschool aged children involves aggressive. Children’s movements that use a small muscles or only certain parts of the body smooth motoric is process in growth. The growth of this aspect can be stimulated, which kind of the use of Educational Game Tools (EGT). The purpose of this research was to identify the usefulness of using educational games equipment to stimulate smooth motoric growth in preschool children at Srikandi Kindergarten, Lhokseumawe.
 Methods: The method used in this research was Quasi-experimental Research. The technique of this study took the illustration by using the random sampling technique, with a total of 31 respondents who were given stimulation at that time. The data from this study were processed by using a dependent T-test of the variables of educational games and smooth motoric development in preschool children.
 Results: The results of this study showed that the use of educational games is effective for stimulating smooth motoric development in preschool children with a p-value = 0.000 < (0.05).
 Conclusion: The study can be concluded that children aged 4-5 years have questionable smooth motor development and irregularities before being given Educational Game Tools (EGT) stimulation. It is suggested to parents of respondents to use educational game tools to stimulate motoric development in children according to their developmental age.

Pengaruh Peran Guru Terhadap Optimalisasi Tumbuh dan Kembang (Sosial) pada Anak Di TPA Ar-Rahmah Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo

The process of growth and development is the main process in the process of a child's life. The process of growth and development that lasts 1000 days of birth is the responsibility of all of us, both biological parents and non-biological parents. Early education in children has become a government concern. The assumption that education can only start after elementary school age is not true, even education that starts at kindergarten age is actually too late. This research is an intervention research by providing intervention to children by TPA Ar-Rahman teacher with 1 pre-post test group with developmental stimulus method in the social sector. The technique used is total sampling, namely all Ar-Rahman TPA teachers. The data was collected by using a paired T-test approach through a pre-post test. The benefits of future research are expected to add insight to teachers about concepts, stimulation and screening of preschool children's growth and development and teachers can make early detection of growth and development in preschool children appropriately. This good result is expected to be followed by the implementation of early detection of growth and development in preschool children independently by the school, then reported to the health service center. so that the scope of the early detection program for child growth and development increases. The determining factor for the development of children both physically and mentally is the role of parents, especially the role of a mother, because mothers are the first and foremost educators for children who are born until they grow up. In the process of forming knowledge, through various parenting styles conveyed by a mother as the first educator, it is very important. Education in the family plays a very important role in developing character, personality, cultural values, religious and moral values, and simple skills

Implementation Of Electronic-Based Early Detection Of Preschool Children's Growth Using Elencode In Lamongan

This community service is carried out in Sugio Lamongan. Sugio village consists of five hamlets, namely Caron, Bulus, Gondangwaruk, Pandanan, and Sugio hamlets. To find out whether there are growth and development problems, it is necessary to detect early growth and development of preschool children and one way so that preschool children get early detection of growth and development is to empower the community in this case by involving PAUD teachers. PAUD teachers can carry out early detection of growth and development continuously or continuously at the end of the semester, media or tools in the form of applications are needed so that PAUD teachers can carry out early detection of electronic-based growth and development. With the increase in science and technology, the internet can be reached to villages including Sugio village. The community service method is carried out with ELENCODE socialization lectures and assistance in implementing early detection of growth and development of preschool children with ELENCODE so that there is an increase in PAUD teacher knowledge about early detection of growth and development and improvement of electronic-based early detection skills of growth and development using ELENCODE.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI TB/U DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF, FISIK, DAN SOSIO-EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH Association of Height-For-Age Nutritional Status with Cognitive, Physical, and Socio-Emotional Ability of Pre-School Children

Pre-school period is one of the most important times for children’s growth and development. If there is a growth and development disturbance at this time, it will impact when the child is growing up. One of the factors which related with growth of pre-school children is nutritional status of height for age. The purpose of the study was to analyzed the relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with the cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional abilities of pre-school age children. This research was an analytical observational study using a cross sectional design. Sample of this study was 35 pre-school children selected randomly using simple random sampling. Samples were student of TK Hang Tuah 22, Candi, Sidoarjo. Data collection instrument includes the questionnaire on the characteristics of the subject and the respondent, a Denver instrument Developmental Screening Test II (DDST/Denver II). Spearman Rho test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a relationship between height for age nutritional status with cognitive abilities. However, there was no relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with physical and socio-emotional ability. The conclusion of the study is nutritional status of height for age has a significant association with cognitive abilities in pre-school children. Thus, parents need to monitor the nutritional status height for age of their children by measure the anthropometric result periodically and fulfill the nutritional needs of protein, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and others. Therefore, if there is any problem founded, it can be handled properly and will not affect the growth and development of the children.

Analysis on the Current Situation of Preschool Children's Growth and Development and Relevant Clinical Influencing Factors

Analysis on the Current Situation of Preschool Children's Growth and Development and Relevant Clinical Influencing Factors

Three-dimensional mixed longitudinal study of facial growth changes and variability of facial form in preschool children using stereophotogrammetry.

Since the normal, non-pathological facial growth in preschool children is not sufficiently reported, the aim was to follow growth changes of facial surface, sex differences and facial variability in preschool children using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Mixed longitudinal sample of healthy Caucasian preschool children without head and facial trauma or craniofacial anomalies from 3.4 to 6.7years of age consisted of 25 girls and 17 boys. 136 3D facial models from optical scanner Vectra 3D were evaluated by geometric morphometrics (CPC-DCA, PCA, per-vertex t test). In both sexes, the lower face was widened and elongated, and the prominences of the superciliary arches, lower orbital region, nose, lips and chin increased. Facial surface increments were more even in girls with a maximum between the fourth and fifth year of age, while in boys, there was the most intensive growth between fifth and sixth year of age. Sexual dimorphism was very stable during investigated period, only less statistically significant at the age of 3years. Boys had more prominent lateral lower part of forehead, nose and lips than girls in every age category. The longitudinal growth of the face between third and sixth year of age was similar in both sexes, facial sex differences were found in terms of intensity, size and timing. Variability of facial form showed that boys' faces were larger on average and facial shape did not differ. The knowledge of facial growth is essential for diagnostics and clinical practice.

A prevalence survey of enteral parasites in preschool children in the Mangochi District of Malawi

BackgroundHelminthic and protozoan infections are common, particularly in low- or middle-income countries. Although an association between parasite carriage and markers of poor growth have been shown in some studies, systematic reviews have suggested only a modest impact of clearing carriage. The prevalence of these pathogens and the effect that they have on growth in preschool children has never been investigated in Malawi.MethodsOne hundred ninety-three children aged 0–72 months were randomly recruited from rural villages in the Mangochi district of Malawi. Formol-ether concentration was performed on stool and the samples examined with a light microscope. Anthropometric data was taken for each child and the haemoglobin measured with a point of care test.ResultsThe mean age of the children was 2 years 4 months. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 37.3%. Protozoa were found in 28.5% of children, while helminths were found in 8.8%. The most commonly found organisms were Giardia lambia (12.4%), Entamoeba coli (10.4%) and Hookworm species (3.6%). Stunting was seen in 47.8% of children, 12.9% were underweight and 5.0% were wasted. No significant association was found between markers of poor growth and infection with any intestinal parasite.ConclusionsWe found that prevalence of helminth infection was low in preschool children living in the Mangochi district compared to international standards. However a significant proportion of the preschool population are infected with protozoa, particularly Giardia lambia. In this cohort, despite a significant prevalence of stunting, helminth infection was not significantly associated with any markers of poor growth. The significance of protozoal carriage and contribution to growth restriction in this context creates further avenues for future research.

Linear growth in preschool children treated with mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma: A cluster-randomized trial.

BackgroundMass azithromycin distributions have been shown to reduce mortality among pre-school children in sub-Saharan Africa. It is unclear what mediates this mortality reduction, but one possibility is that antibiotics function as growth promoters for young children.Methods and findings24 rural Ethiopian communities that had received biannual mass azithromycin distributions over the previous four years were enrolled in a parallel-group, cluster-randomized trial. Communities were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either continuation of biannual oral azithromycin (20mg/kg for children, 1 g for adults) or to no programmatic antibiotics over the 36 months of the study period. All community members 6 months and older were eligible for the intervention. The primary outcome was ocular chlamydia; height and weight were measured as secondary outcomes on children less than 60 months of age at months 12 and 36. Study participants were not masked; anthropometrists were not informed of the treatment allocation. Anthropometric measurements were collected for 282 children aged 0–36 months at the month 12 assessment and 455 children aged 0–59 months at the month 36 assessment, including 207 children who had measurements at both time points. After adjusting for age and sex, children were slightly but not significantly taller in the biannually treated communities (84.0 cm, 95%CI 83.2–84.8, in the azithromycin-treated communities vs. 83.7 cm, 95%CI 82.9–84.5, in the untreated communities; mean difference 0.31 cm, 95%CI -0.85 to 1.47, P = 0.60). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsPeriodic mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma did not demonstrate a strong impact on childhood growth.Trial registrationThe TANA II trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01202331.

Impact of a Nutrition Intervention Program on Growth of Preschool Children in a Coastal Peruvian Community (P10-145-19)

ObjectivesWe evaluated the impact on growth in children 5 years of age and younger of a community- based nutrition intervention program in a coastal Peruvian community. Mother’s in an “invasion” community were recruited to participate in the study. Interested mothers were trained as community agents. Nurses and community agents measured weight and height of children monthly and checked for parasites. Children were evaluated for anemia and micronutrient supplementation was provided. During the home visits nutrition education would be provided. Women participated in workshops on nutrition, water, gardening, and health and social concerns. Children were assessed over 16 months. MethodsGrowth was assessed by calculating Z-scores for weight-for-age (WZ) and height-for-age (HZ), A linear mixed model was adjusted to each response variable to assess its change over time. Because there were underweight and overweight children in the group analysis was conducted on subjects with initial WZ (WZI) < -1 or >2. For HZ only children with initial HZ (HZi) <-1 were included in a separate analysis. ResultsThe analysis used 247 subjects, 115 (46.6%) females and 132 (53.4%) males. The The 95% confidence interval for month included a value of zero, indicating that, on average, ZW does not change over time for the ZWi <-1. However, in the severely overweight group ZW decreased, on average, by 0.325 units for each month that the subject was evaluated. In the HZi <-1 group the coefficient of month indicated that HZ increased at an average rate of 0.0156 units per month. The HZ did not change overtime when all children were included in the analysis. ConclusionsThe intervention seems to have been effective in improving the underweight condition of the children who were moderately to severely underweight and in decreasing weight in severely overweight children. In addition, children that started severely or moderately shorter than normal experienced a gain in height over the time they were evaluated. Funding SourcesUniversity of the Incarnate Word.

Prevalence of picky eating behavior and its impact on growth in preschool children

Background: Almost two-thirds of parents report one or more problems with their children’s eating. Although knowledge of the health-related outcomes of picky eating is limited due to a lack of longitudinal studies, research suggests that picky eating is associated with nutrient deficiency, underweight, behavioral problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Aim of present study was to assess the Parental perception and maternal strategies in solving feeding difficulties in relation with parenting style.Methods: The present cross sectional study conducted on 1652 parents of preschool children of 1-6 yrs age group. A structured parental questionnaire was administered to parents by Pediatricians based on Stanford feeding Questionnaire on Child- parent feeding.Results: About 58.9% of the children were found to be picky eaters. The prevalence is increasing with age and higher at 6 years age. The mean height and weight are seen affected significantly in picky eaters. Infantile Anorexia is the commonest type of Feeding difficulties, followed by Highly selective intake category. Commonest Parenting style is Authoritarian type, followed by Permissive parenting.Conclusions: As the prevalence of picky eating behaviour is increasing with age, causing parental anxiety and conflict in the family, disrupting parent child bonding, Paediatricians should be thoroughly equipped with knowledge of different Feeding difficulties and their specific management and help parents in doing their best by correcting their parenting style.

Economic development and associations with growth of preschool children in the Middle East and North African Region

ObjectivesGlobally, populations are experiencing major economic and social changes, which are coinciding with increasing prevalence of obesity, even as under‐nutrition has not been fully eliminated. In this study, we investigate the associations between growth patterns among young children and economic development in the Middle East and North African(MENA) Region, a region demonstrating these rapid changes and experiencing high levels of obesity in adult populations.MethodsWe used nationally representative data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (2001–2014) in the seven countries of the MENA region (n=47,998) with available data (Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Turkey, and Yemen). Survey‐adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to quantify predictors of child growth measured in terms of stunting, thinness, and overweight. Measures of economic development were quantified Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index and change therein during the previous 5‐years.ResultsAdjusting for child and household characteristics, children in countries categorized as low HDI were more likely to be stunted (1.80[1.54,2.03]). Children in countries categorized as high HDI were less likely to be stunted (0.37[0.34,0.40]) or thin (0.18[0.15,0.21]) but were not more likely to be overweight (0.27[0.23,0.30]). A 1000 USD change in GDP in the past 5 years was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight (15.6%) compared to no change (5%) and a 2000 USD change (4.8%).ConclusionsAs HDI increases, children are less likely to be stunted. Rapid economic change is associated with child over‐nutrition. National economic indicators are associated with child growth patterns even after accounting for household and individual characteristics.

Examining the predictive relations between two aspects of self-regulation and growth in preschool children's early literacy skills.

There is strong evidence that self-regulatory processes are linked to early academic skills, both concurrently and longitudinally. The majority of extant longitudinal studies, however, have been conducted using autoregressive techniques that may not accurately model change across time. The purpose of this study was to examine the unique associations between 2 components of self-regulation, attention and executive functioning (EF), and growth in early literacy skills over the preschool year using latent-growth-curve analysis. The sample included 1,082 preschool children (mean age = 55.0 months, SD = 3.73). Children completed measures of vocabulary, syntax, phonological awareness, print knowledge, cognitive ability, and self-regulation, and children's classroom teachers completed a behavior rating measure. To examine the independent relations of the self-regulatory skills and cognitive ability with children's initial early literacy skills and growth across the preschool year, growth models in which the intercept and slope were simultaneously regressed on each of the predictor variables were examined. Because of the significant relation between intercept and slope for most outcomes, slope was regressed on intercept in the models to allow a determination of direct and indirect effects of the predictors on growth in children's language and literacy skills across the preschool year. In general, both teacher-rated inattention and directly measured EF were uniquely associated with initial skills level; however, only teacher-rated inattention uniquely predicted growth in early literacy skills. These findings suggest that teacher ratings of inattention may measure an aspect of self-regulation that is particularly associated with the acquisition of academic skills in early childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record

Supplemental Material for Examining the Predictive Relations Between Two Aspects of Self-Regulation and Growth in Preschool Children’s Early Literacy Skills

Supplemental Material for Examining the Predictive Relations Between Two Aspects of Self-Regulation and Growth in Preschool Children’s Early Literacy Skills

The effect of soybean formula and formula 100 supplementation on the growth of preschool children

Background Preschool children are vulnerable in growth. Soy-bean formula (SF) and formula-100 (F100) are supplementary foodswhich contain of high energy and are available at low price; how-ever, they are not widely used for preschool children.Objectives To investigate the effect of SF compared to F100 onthe growth of preschool children.Methods A cross-over trial was conducted on 96 preschool chil-dren aged 4-7 years. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groupswhich received 200 ml soybean formula (n=49) or F100 (n=47) for1 month and crossed-over after a six-week wash-out period. Bodyweight was measured weekly. Body height and food analysis by 3-day food recall were measured at the beginning and the end of thestudy. The criteria of the acceptability of the formula was eithergood or poor.Results Supplementation with SF as well as F100 induced catchup growth as shown by the increase of Δz-score. There were nosignificant difference of Δ weight for age z-score, Δ height for agez-score, and Δ weight for height z score between groups duringthe first and second phases of the trial. The acceptability of F100was significantly better than that of SF at the beginning; neverthe-less, the difference was not significant at the second phase trial.Conclusions Soybean formula and F100 given for a one monthperiod can induce catch-up growth in preschool children. Soybeanformula as an alternative health food can be accepted by preschoolchildren