Body Weight Growth Curves Research Articles

Predicting the growth curve of body weight in Ettawa Crossbred Goats with Logistic and Gompertz mathematical models

Ettawa crossbred goat is one of Indonesian native goat that kept for meat and milk productions. This research was aimed to predict the growth curve of body weight in Ettawa crossbred goat at 1 - 24 months of age with Logistic (L) and Gompertz (G) mathematical models. The number of 48 goats (24 males and 24 females) were used in this study and collected from Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province of Indonesia. Research showed that L and G models have the very high coefficient determination (R2) value (R2>0.90). The asymptotic weight (A) in animal studies was 53.34 kg (L) / 55.20 kg (G) for male and 36.99 kg (L) / 39.86 kg (G) for female. The inflection of weight (IW) in animal studies was 26.67 kg (L) / 20.29 kg (G) for male and 18.49 kg (L) / 14.65 kg (G) for female. The inflection of age (IA) in animal studies was 8.54 months (L) / 6.74 months (G) for male and 9.80 months (L) / 7.00 months (G) for females. In conclusion, the growth curve of body weight in Ettawa crossbred goats can be predicted with L and G models accurately.

Estimation of growth model parameters for novel mini-pig breeds

The present work aimed to develop growth curve models for two mini-pig breeds: an M-Pig® breed originating from Korean Jeju Island’s native pigs (Cronex) and Micro-pig® (Medi Kinetics). A total 680 body weight (BW) data for the M-Pig® ranging from 0.8 to 63.2 kg BW for 40 animals were collected from birth to 52 weeks of age. A total of 36 BW and age data for the Micro-Pig® ranging from 0.35 to 33.5 kg BW and 0 to 96 weeks, respectively, were obtained from 20 experiments in the literature. Two different nonlinear growth curves models employed in the present work were Gompertz and Logistic models. Estimated BW growth models of M-Pig® as a function of age (week) were: Gompertz model BW, kg = 64.57 × e − 3.21 × e − 0.06 t with R2 = 0.976 and Logistic model BW, kg = 57.94 × (1 + 12.33 × e–0.11t)–1 with R2 = 0.969. Estimated BW growth models of Micro-pig® as a function of age (week) were: Gompertz model BW, kg = 31.47 × e − 2.10 × e − 0.07 t with R2 = 0.793 and Logistic model BW, kg = 30.45 × (1 + 4.76 × e–0.10t)–1 with R2 = 0.775. In conclusion, the BW growth curve of mini-pigs fitted better in Gompertz models than in Logistic models. The growth curves for mini-pigs developed in the present work may be used for BW gain prediction in future research employing mini-pig breeds.

Comparison of Growth Curve in Male Layer Chickens

This study was aimed to obtain the growth curve of body weight in male layer chickens (Lohman MB 202) based on Logistic and Gompertz models. The frequently data of body weight from one day age to adult age were used for growth curve prediction. Total of one thousand birds from private sector poultry farm in Tasikmalaya Regency, Indonesia were used in this study as the data source. The growth curve estimation was calculated based on Logistic (L) and Gompertz (G) models using Curve Expert 1.4. computer program.The final weight (asymptote) in birds was reached of 1111.27 g (L) and 1685.13 g (G). Therefore, the weight of inflection(Wi) of birds were reached of 555.64 g (L) and 619.53 g (G). The time of inflection (ti) and maximum growth rate (GR) of birds in both models were ±6 months and ±19 g/week respectively.In result, both models had similar of coefficient of determination (R2) value. However,the growth curve of Gompertz (G) model was confirmed as the best growth curve for body weight of birds in this study because of lower of standard error (SE) value.

PREDICTING THE GROWTH CURVE OF BODY WEIGHT IN MALEO BIRDS (MACROCEPHALON MALEO)

Maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) is the one of protected bird’s species and originated from Sulawesi island of Indonesia. This study was carried out to obtain the growth curve of body weight (BW) in mixed-sex Maleo birds from hatching to yearling ages. The growth curve in this study was calculated with non-linear regression of Logistic (L) and Gompertz (G) models using CurveExprt 1.4. computer program. The primary data in this study was cited from previous study through a literature study. Research showed that the asymptotic weight (A) in birds was 1825.34 g (L) and 3429.23 g (G). The weight of inflection (Wi) in studied birds were 912.67 g (L) and 1260.75 g (G). The time of inflection (ti) in birds was 8.51 months (L) and 11.00 months (G). The maximum growth rate in birds was 159.72 g/month (L) and 151.29 g/month (G). The coefficient of determination (R2) in both models included of very high category (0.80<R2<1.00) but the lower of standard error (SE) value showed in L model. It can be concluded that the non-linear regression of Logistic model can be used as BW predictors in mixed-sex Maleo birds.

The Growth Curve of Gompertz Model in Body Weight of Mixed-sex Goose Breeds in Slovakia


 The growth curve in poultry is important to evaluate the performance and farming management system. This study was aimed to estimate the growth curve of body weight in goose. The growth curve in this study was estimated with non-linear Gompertz model through CurveExpert 1.4. software. Three goose breeds in Slovakia i.e. Landes (L), Pomeranian (P) and Steinbacher (S) were used in this study. Total of 28 geese (10 L, 8 P and 10 S) were used to estimate the growth curve. Research showed that the asymptotic weight (A) in those geese were reached at 5332.51 g (L), 6186.14 g (P) and 5048.27 g (S). Thus, the maturing rate (k) in each breed were similar (0.05 g/day). The weight of inflection was reached at 1960.48 g (L), 2274.32 g (P) and 1855.98 g (S) respectively. The time of inflection (ti) was reached at 25.6 days (L), 26.2 days (P) and 27.80 days (S) respectively. The maximum growth rate (MGR) was reached at 98.02 g/day (L), 113.72 g/day (P) and 92.80 g/day (S). According to the CurveExpert 1.4. software, the coefficient of determination (R2) with Gompertz model was 0.99 for each breed. It can be concluded that Pomeranian geese had highest of growth rate than the other breeds.

Predicting The Growth Curve of Body Weight in Madura Cattle

Predicting The Growth Curve of Body Weight in Madura Cattle

The growth curve of Gompertz and Logistic models in body weight of Ecotype Fulani Chickens (Gallus domesticus)

This research aimed to estimate the growth curve of body weight in Ecotype Fulani (EF) chickens. Two growth curves of Logistic (L)and Gompertz (G) models were performed in this study. 211 birds were used in this study for growth curve analysis. Research showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) in both curves were similar (0.99). Hence, the standard error in G model was lower than L model in each sex group. The bird’s adult weight were 1575.96 g (male) or 1411.69 g (female) in L model and 2386.63 g (male) or 2250.30 g (female) in G model. The bird’s inflection weight was 787.98 g (male) or 705.85 g (female) in L model and 877.44 g (male) or 827.32 g (female) in G model. The bird’s inflection time were 13.58 week (male) or 15.58 week (female) L model and 18.57 week (male) or 13.89 week (female) in G model. The bird’s maximum growth rate were 78.80 g/wk (male) or 63.53 g/wk (female) in L model and 61.42 g/wk (male) or 74.46 g/wk (female) in G mode. It was concluded that the growth curve of G model was accurate to predict the body weight of EF chickens from hatching to adult age.

Comparison of Body Height, Body Length, Full Length and Body Weight Growth Curves of the Longfin Batfish, Platax teira

Comparison of Body Height, Body Length, Full Length and Body Weight Growth Curves of the Longfin Batfish, Platax teira

The growth curve of body weight in Kacang goats managed by smallholders at Tambang District of Indonesia

Kacang goat (Capra hircus) is one of Indonesian germ plasm and kept by smallholders for meat production. This research was carried out to obtain the growth curve of body weight from 1 to 24 months of age in Kacang goats managed by smallholders at Tambang District of Indonesia. Total of 100 goats (51 buck and 49 does) were used in this study to obtain Logistic and Gompertz growth curves. Research showed that the Logistic and Gompertz growth curve have similar of coefficient of determination value (R2= 0.98). However, the standard error (SE) value in Gompertz was lower than Logistic curves. The inflection weight (IW) was reached of 13.16 to 15.30 kg (Logistic) and 12.76 to 14.41 kg (Gompertz). The inflection age (IA) was reached of 12.95 to 15.57 months (Logistic) and 12.71 to14.41 months (Gompertz). The growth rate (GR) were reached of 1.06 to 1.23 kg/month (Logistic) and 1.02 to 1.10 kg/month (Gompertz). It was concluded that Gompertz growth curve was the best predictor to predict body weight in Kacang goats.

The Growth Curve of Body Weight in Mixed-sex Rock Partridges (Alectoris graeca) Kept in captivity

Rock partridge (Alectoris graeca) can be domesticated for meat and egg production poultry. This study was carried out to obtain the growth curve model of body weight (BW) in mixed-sex Rock partridges using non-linear regression of Gompertz (G), Logistic (L) and Richards (R) models. The computer program of CurceExpert 1.4. was used in this study to calculate the growth parameters of asymptotic weight (A), maximum growth rate (MGR), inflection of weight (IW), inflection of age (IA), coefficient of determination (R2) and mean squared error (MSE). Study showed that all models have similar R2 value but the lower MSE value was showed in R model. Hence, the R model can be used to predict the BW in mixed-sex rock partridges from hatching to adult age accurately. In conclusion, the A, IW and IA values in rock partridges with all models were 442.57 - 513.25 g; 188.69-221.29 g and 5.48-6.69 weeks respectively.

Estimates of Growth Curve of Body Weight and Absolute Growth Rate for Male Elk

Estimates of Growth Curve of Body Weight and Absolute Growth Rate for Male Elk

Modeling the growth curves for body weight and some biometric traits in Caspian horses (Equus ferus caballus) using non-linear mixed models

In order to describe the growth curves of live body weight (BW), body length (BL), height at withers (HW) and hearth girth (HG) in Caspian horses, six non-linear mixed growth models (Brody, Logistic, Gompertz, Schumacher, Von Bertalanffy and Negative exponential) were used. The data set comprised 129 records of BW and biometric traits (made up of 54 for males and 75 for female horses) which were measured weekly from birth to 32 weeks of age in the premises of the Animal Science Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Each model was fitted to weekly records of horses using the non-linear mixed model procedure (PROC NLMIXED) in SAS and the parameters were estimated. The mixed models were tested for goodness of fit using Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log maximum likelihood (−2 Log L) and residual variance (σe2). The Brody function was selected as the best model for fitting the growth curve of BW, BL and WL in females and all horses. Although, the Brody model was the best model for fitting the growth curve of HG in females and all horses, but Logistic function was the best function for fitting the growth curve for this trait in male horses. The results of this study can aim planning farm management strategies and decision making just by viewing the growth curve of horses. The non-linear mixed models were adequate for fitting growth curves of body weight and biometric characters in Caspian horses.

Using Nonlinear Models to Describe Body Weight Growth Curves in Three Different Lines of Japanese Quail

Non-linear function models were used for estimating growth curves in three lines of Japanese quail, high, low and control. The non-linear models which used were Gompertz, Brody and Logistic model. The models were fitted to weight-age data, from hatch (0), 2, 4 to 6 weeks of age of 240 quails. The weight-age data were modeled by using non-linear regression procedure of Statgraphics statistical package program. Model parameters were estimated using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and comparisons among models were done based on mean square error, adjusted coefficient of determination, Akaike information criterion (AIC) and number of iterations. The results showed that the body development of the three lines could be illustrated well by three models. The aim of this study was to choose the best predictive model for the accurate description of data of 240 quail's body weight. The Logistic and Gompertz growth curve model were fitted to data especially in high group where adjusted coefficient of determination is 97.7246 and 97.5972 respectively. The smallest value of Akaike information criterion (AIC) was 1138.80 high line in Logistic model. The Gompertz model is better in case of low line and the Logistic model is better in case of high and control line. The logistic model gives the best fit of data followed by the Gompertz. The Brody equation was found to be unsuitable in control group.

Protective effect of extract of Mauremys mutica against cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced suppression of immune function in mice

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluated the immune function of extract obtained from yellow pond turtle (YPT). Two YPT extract doses (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg·bw/d) were administered orally to normal and cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immune-suppressed male Kunming mice, respectively. The immune function were evaluated by testing the body weight growth curve, thymus index and spleen index in CY-induced mice as well as mononuclear-macrophage phagocytic function by the carbonic particle clearances index and the macrophage phagocytose index. After a 10-day administration, both the low-dose group (250 mg/kg·bw/d) and high-dose group (500 mg/kg·bw/d) showed a marked increase in immune organs indices and the carbonic particle clearances index and macrophage phagocytose index. Moreover, immune function showed significant dose–effect relationship. These results demonstrated the potential use of YPT extract as a functional medicine for enhancing human immunity and immunomodulatory for adjuvant treatment in cancer.

Effects of infectious bursal disease (IBD) on shank length and diameter, body weight and mortality in broiler breeder at rearing period

Shank length is used as a tool for the determination of fertility, body weight, estimates of frame size, and the monitoring of growth and development of pullets. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of infectious bursal disease (IBD) on shank length, diameter, body weight, shank length and body weight growth curves, and mortality rate in males and females in the rearing period in broiler breeder flocks. In this study, 2 broiler breeder flocks (Ross 308 flocks) and 800 breeder chicks (both females and males) were selected for shank length and diameter assessments. All the management, nutrition, and geographical statuses were similar, except for one flock that was infected with IBD. Results of this study showed that IBD presence in the flock decreased shank length in male and female chickens compared with the control group. Shank length in male and female chickens at 20 weeks of age was 0.53 and 0.02 cm, respectively, which was less than that in the controls, but these differences were not statistically significant. Shank diameter in the diseased male and female chicks was also smaller than that in the controls, although this difference was not also significant. There were no significant differences in the body weight of both sexes at 20 weeks of age. Body weight to shank length ratio in the diseased males was higher than that in the controls, but in female chickens it was less than it was in the control group after 12 weeks. Mortality rate in diseased males was 2.26% more than that in the control group (P < 0.05) but mortality in females was not different from that in the control group. After observing clinical IBD in both male and female chicks, antibody titers against IBD virus were found to have increased compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). It could be concluded that male chickens are more sensitive to IBD than females.

Growth model for one-year old Panulirus ornatus

We developed a growth model for Panulirus ornatus by measuring the length of individuals during dif-ferent growth periods during rearing in the laboratory.Growth was explained by the following equation: W= 0.035 8× L3.043 2.The body immortal length was explained by the equation Lt=56.0×[1-e-0.053 1(t-1.1944)].The relationship between body length and carapace length was L=2.772 2CL + 0.337 9.The body weight growth equation was Wt= 7 481.2×[1-e-0.0531(t-1.1944)]3.The rate of change in body immortal length was explained by Dl/Dt=56.0×0.0531× е-0.0531(t-1.1944).The rate of change in body weight was explained by dW/dt=3×7 481.2×0.053 1×е-0.053 1(t-1.1944)× [1-е-0.053 1(t-1.1944)]2.The inflection point age of P.ornatus was 14.56 months,calculated using the formula Tr = ln3/K+t0.Body length increased more rapidly during the early period.Conversely,body weight increased more rapidly in the later period.The body weight growth curve was represented by an asymmetrical S curve,but had an inflection point.The body weight increased up to a maximum of 79.24 g-month-1 at the inflection point.

A novel therapeutic strategy using ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction to treat colon cancer in a mouse model

The goal of this study was to determine whether ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction (UMMD) could inhibit colon cancer growth in a mouse model. Six-week-old balb/c female nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with HT29-GFP cells (HT29 cells labeled with green fluorescent dye) in axilla to establish a xenograft mouse model of colon carcinoma, which were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 each): group A (blank group): no treatment; group B (saline only); group C (saline+ultrasound exposure); group D (intravenous microbubbles only); and group E (intravenous microbubbles+ultrasound exposure). Treatment of each group was performed on days 20, 21, and 22 after inoculation. Tumor growth and metastatic spread were monitored by the whole-body fluorescent imaging, tumor volume growth and body weight growth curve were obtained as well. The mice were euthanized 30days after treatment. Specimens of the tumor tissues were evaluated pathologically using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Necrosis percentages, microvascular density and tumor cells damage of each tumor were assessed histologically. Our data indicate that: (1) tumor growth in group E (intravenous microbubbles+ultrasound exposure) was significantly decreased after four weeks post inoculation, compared with other control treatments (P<0.05); (2) the tumor weight at sacrifice in group E was significantly lower than that in other groups; (3) The intravenous microbubbles combined with ultrasound exposure treated mice showed significantly decreased expression levels of CD31. (4)The pathological changes of absence of nucleus membrane, chromatin condensation, mitochondrial vacuolation and hemorrhagic damage of microvessel were observed in the tumors of group E only, whereas these changes occurred rarely in other groups; and (5) no metastatic lesion was found in any group throughout this study using whole-body fluorescent imaging, and the skin of the mouse in group E was intact after UMMD treatment. Our results suggest that UMMD can be used as a promising novel therapeutic strategy to treat colon cancer.

Agnostic about in Vivo Inverse Agonism of Agouti-Related Peptide

Agnostic about in Vivo Inverse Agonism of Agouti-Related Peptide

Compensatory growth responses in juvenile fat snook, Centropomus parallelus Poey, following food deprivation

The compensatory growth in juvenile fat snook (13.7 g) was evaluated in fish subjected to four treatments: continuously fed (control); subjected to 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) weeks of food deprivation, followed by a 5-week re-feeding period. At the end of food deprivation, the body weights at the different treatments were significantly different and inversely related to the length of the food deprivation period (C=16.425 g; D1=14.024 g; D2=13.542 g; D3=12.228 g). During re-feeding, no differences were observed in the slopes of body weight growth curves among treatments, indicating failure in full growth compensation. In the first re-feeding week (week 4), although hyperphagia was observed for all re-fed groups, better food conversion ratios were detected only for D1 and D2, reflected in an enhancement in the specific growth rates. From week 5 onwards, no differences between treatments and control were detected for any variable. The total food intake was lower for D2 and D3 compared with the control. In the present study, fish showed partial compensatory growth when subjected to a maximum of 2 weeks of food deprivation. Therefore, the food deprivation can promote production losses, even considering a reduction in the total food intake.

The Breeding Biology of the Peruvian Tern (Sternula lorata) in Peru

Abstract The Peruvian Tern (Sternula lorata) is one of the rarest seabirds that breed on the barren desert plains of Peru and Chile. Unlike the majority of seabirds breeding in this region, Peruvian Terns nest in open areas on the mainland, where they are exposed to attacks by predators, mainly foxes (Pseudalopex spp.). Here, we describe the Peruvian Tern's breeding biology and examine its ecological adaptations to counteract high predation rates from data collected during the 1970s and 1990s at four localities in central-southern Peru: Puerto Viejo (12°34'S), Pampa Lechuzas (13°53'S), Yanyarina (15°26'S) and Mollendo (17°04'S). Egg-laying was asynchronous both within and among breeding groups, spreading from mid October to late January. Modal clutch size was two eggs, which were incubated for 22 d. Weight increment for two chicks during the linear section of the growth curve was 2.27 and 2.54 g/d. A complete body weight growth curve for one chick was fitted to the logistic equation with KL = 0.193 d-1, A...