Self-efficacy Group Research Articles

Spiritual diabetes self-management health coaching on self-efficacy, self-care, and blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Introduction: Self-management, which rests on self-efficacy and self-care, is the cornerstone of diabetes mellitus treatment in managing blood sugar levels. Healthy behavior affects how a disease develops, therefore it's crucial to develop strategies for sustaining self-management. This study looked at the impact of spiritual diabetes self-management health coaching on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus' levels of self-efficacy, self-care, and blood sugar. Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experiment with a pre-post control group. There were 210 patients with diabetes mellitus overall in the Surabaya A-Yani Islamic Hospital. 120 respondents were included in the research sample, including 60 in the intervention group and 60 in the control group. For one month, Spiritual Diabetes Self-Management Health Coaching was provided to the intervention group once daily for 60 minutes. The control group, meanwhile, received a program in accordance with hospital protocols. a parametric test is used in data analysis. Results: The intervention group's self-efficacy, self-care, and blood sugar levels differed between the pretest and post-test results. According to the findings, the intervention group's pretest and posttest scores for the variables of self-efficacy, self-care, and blood sugar levels varied. Conclusion: Spiritual Diabetes Self-Management Health Coaching can improve the self-efficacy and self-care of the type 2 diabetic patients; also reduce their blood sugar levels.

The effects of education on foot care behaviors and self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes patients.

Diabetic foot significantly affects the quality of life of patients with diabetes. It leads to loss of labor force, psychosocial trauma, and high treatment costs due to serious morbidity and mortality. Nurses have an important responsibility to improve the metabolic status of individuals with diabetes, to protect them from foot complications, and to teach patients foot care skills. This study investigated the effects of education on type 2 diabetes patients regarding diabetic foot care and self-efficacy. This quasi-experimental study was conducted from February to July 2016 in hospitals located in the city of Balıkesir in Turkey with type 2 diabetes patients who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic and monitored by the endocrinology and internal medicine outpatient clinics. G*power 3.1.9.2 software was used to calculate the sample size of 94 people with a 5% type 1 error, and 90% power. The study was carried out with stratified randomization, and a questionnaire was administered to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training, and both groups' scores on the Diabetic Foot Behavior Questionnaire [Appendix 1] and the Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale [Appendix 2] were compared after three months. The t-test, the paired t-test, and the Chi-square test were used. While the self-efficacy and the foot care behavior scores of the control group did not show any differences (P > 0.05), the experimental group's scores were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The control group's self-efficacy and foot care behavior scores on the pre-test and final test were similar, while the experimental group's scores increased (P < 0.05). Starting from the diagnosis of diabetes, it is advisable to carry out foot assessments and to follow up with diabetics who received foot care education to increase their self-efficacy, to make foot care a habit, and to re-evaluate missing or incorrect practices during check-ups.

The Effect of an Information Support Program on Self-Efficacy of Prostate Cancer Patients during Hormonal Therapy

Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an information support program on the self-efficacy (SE) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving hormonal therapy (HT).Methods:Based on the information support program constructed in a previous study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted in a cancer hospital in Shanghai, China. One hundred subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was provided routine care and communication, and the experimental group participated in an informational support program. Three months later, the following outcomes were compared between the two groups: information acquisition, disease knowledge mastery, SE, healthy behavior adherence, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare the differences between the two groups, and intention-to-treat analysis was used to increase the reliability of the results.Results:After the intervention, information acquisition, disease knowledge mastery, and the SE and healthy behavior adherence of the experimental group were significantly increased compared with the control group, whereas the HRQoL and PSA did not significantly differ from that observed in the control group.Conclusions:The results showed that information support programs improve information acquisition, disease knowledge mastery, SE, and healthy behavior adherence among PCa patients receiving HT.

A technology-based information and coaching/support program and self-efficacy of Asian American breast cancer survivors.

Women's self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer is one of the key factors that lead to successful breast cancer survivorship. Due to the cultural stigma linked to breast cancer (e.g., breast cancer is a genetic disease), Asian Americans are known as a high-risk group within breast cancer survivors. However, healthcare providers are challenged to promote women's self-efficacy while considering their cultural beliefs and attitudes. In this study, the efficacy of a technology-based information and coaching/support program was examined in improving self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Asian American survivors. A randomized repeated measures control group study was conducted with 67 Asian American breast cancer survivors. The questions on background characteristics, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, the Perceived Isolation Scale, the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34, and the Cancer Behavior Inventory were used. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement analyses, χ2 tests, and decision tree analyses. There were significant increases in the self-efficacy scores of both control and intervention groups over time (p = .017). However, the increase in the control group's self-efficacy scores was only up to post 1 month, and there was a decrease in the scores by post 3 months. When the participants were divided into high and low-change groups based on the changes in their self-efficacy scores for 3 months, the intervention group had more participants who belonged to the high-change group (p = .036). The technology-based intervention was effective in improving self-efficacy for coping with breast cancer among Asian American breast cancer survivors.

The Effectiveness of Modelling Techniques in Improving Self-Efficacy of College Students

Higher education is greatly oriented on academic and practical aspect of knowledge. Somehow, college students are supposed to eligible and excellent in their knowledge competency, performance, and their confidence, particularly their self-efficacy. It is expected to maximize their learning and themselves to be a qualified graduates. This research aimed to discover the effectiveness of modelling technique to increase self-efficacy in college students of Ahmad Dahlan University boarding school. It used quantitative approach with quasi experiment using non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research was college students of Ahmad Dahlan University boarding school, amounting to 129 students. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The criteria for the studied sample in this study was college students of Ahmad Dahlan University boarding school with low self-efficacy. To collect data, this research used self-efficacy scale. The data was then analyzed by using non-parametric statistics with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that there were differences in the results of the experimental group's self-efficacy before and after the treatment was given (sign = 0.018&lt;0.05). These results implied that modelling technique was effective to increase self-efficacy college students of Ahmad Dahlan University boarding school. Keywords: modelling technique, self-efficacy, quasi experiment, higher education DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-19-13 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Long-term follow-up effects of the HomeStyles randomized controlled trial in families with preschool children on social cognitive theory constructs associated with physical activity cognitions and behaviors

This study examined long-term follow-up effects of participation in the HomeStyles RCT, using Social Cognitive Theory constructs, on physical activity cognitions, home environment, and lifestyle behavioral practices of families with preschool children (ages 2 to 5 years). Parents were systematically randomized to experimental or attention control group at baseline. Those completing all surveys that comprised of valid, reliable measures were the analytic sample (n = 61 experimental, n = 63 control; mean age 32.8 ± 5.9SD years). Repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for prognostic variables (e.g., parent sex) revealed that variables assessing modeling of physical activity for children increased significantly (P ≤ .01) in both groups with no significant time by group effects. Paired t-tests indicated the experimental group's self-efficacy for keeping children's weight healthy and performing health promoting behaviors increased significantly over time whereas the control group did not but with no significant time by group effects. Self-regulation paired t-test findings indicated that total screentime the experimental group allowed children decreased significantly over time with no significant time by group effect. The value parents placed on physical activity for children increased over time in both groups with a significant time effect. The experimental group over time had significantly greater increases in the availability of physical activity space and supports inside the home than the control group. Improvements noted have the potential to help protect children and parents from excess weight gain, yet findings indicate considerable opportunity for continued improvement as well as elucidation of factors affecting concomitant changes in both study groups.

Interprofessional clinical training improves self-efficacy of health care students

Background: Interprofessional collaboration potentially enhances patient safety and satisfaction, and reduces tensions and conflicts among health professionals. However, health professionals often lack sufficient knowledge of other professional roles and competences to engage in interprofessional teamwork. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an interprofessional training programme on students’ perceived self-efficacy.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with an intervention group (239 students) and a control group (405 students). The intervention was an interprofessional clinical study (ICS) unit including students from nursing, medicine, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, laboratory technology and radiography. Data on students’ perceived self-efficacy were collected through web-based questionnaires. Aspects of self-efficacy measured were: (1) collaboration with other professions in planning goals and actions for patients; (2) collaboration with other professions for rehabilitation; (3) identifying the functions of other professions and (4) assessing and describing patients’ needs and problems.Results: All scores of perceived self-efficacy for the ICS group improved over time although one score change was non-significant (p = 0.08). After adjustment for baseline differences and the score change for the control group, the ICS group's self-efficacy score gain remained statistically significant.Conclusion: The study showed that interprofessional training improved students’ perception of self-efficacy more than traditional clinical training.

Organisational and group antecedents of work group service innovativeness

AbstractThis study examined the individual and combined effects of the organisational-level variables of climate and task design, and the group-level variables of group citizenship behaviour (GCB), market orientation, group self-efficacy (GSE), and group climate for innovation (GCI) on work group service innovativeness. Specifically, this study theorised that work group service innovativeness is a product of both organisational (organisational climate and task design) and work group (GCB, market orientation, and GSE) contexts. Drawing upon the theories and literature, six hypotheses were derived. Data were collected through a 64-item questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale from four hotels in Melbourne, Australia. Results indicated that organisational climate, task design, GCB, group self-efficacy, and group climate for innovation were significant predictors of work group service innovativeness, while market orientation was not. Limitations, future directions, managerial and research implications are explored.

Organisational and group antecedents of work group service innovativeness

AbstractThis study examined the individual and combined effects of the organisational-level variables of climate and task design, and the group-level variables of group citizenship behaviour (GCB), market orientation, group self-efficacy (GSE), and group climate for innovation (GCI) on work group service innovativeness. Specifically, this study theorised that work group service innovativeness is a product of both organisational (organisational climate and task design) and work group (GCB, market orientation, and GSE) contexts. Drawing upon the theories and literature, six hypotheses were derived. Data were collected through a 64-item questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale from four hotels in Melbourne, Australia. Results indicated that organisational climate, task design, GCB, group self-efficacy, and group climate for innovation were significant predictors of work group service innovativeness, while market orientation was not. Limitations, future directions, managerial and research implications are explored.

Self-efficacy, state anxiety, and cortisol responses to treadmill running.

Social cognitive theory of Bandura hypothesizes that increases in self-efficacy act as a mechanism for anxiety reduction and lower biological stress reactions. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine self-efficacy, anxiety, and cortisol responses to 20 minutes of treadmill running at 85% maximal heart rate and a control condition among 12 physically active males. For this study, self-efficacy, anxiety, and cortisol were measured prior to and 5 and 20 min. after exercise for individuals completing a 20-min. treadmill running activity or a 20 min. rest (control) activity. Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed significant condition by time interaction for self-efficacy and cortisol (ps <.05); the exercise group's self-efficacy and cortisol increased pre- to posttreatment. Moreover, the analysis of variance for anxiety yielded a main effect for time, with reductions in anxiety scores observed in both conditions. Correlational analyses showed that posttreatment cortisol levels were inversely correlated -.51 to self-efficacy scores and positively correlated .55 to anxiety scores. The correlation between self-efficacy and anxiety was not significant. These results provide partial support for the predicted relationships among self-efficacy, anxiety, and cortisol responses to treadmill running. Suggestions for research are provided.

The effect of success or failure on self-efficacy and task persistence of conduct-disordered children

Twenty-four children with conduct disorders were familiarized with a pattern-matching task, and their self-efficacy expectations for this task were assessed. Subjects were then given either “Success” or “Failure” feedback for a series of similar problems, and their self-efficacy was reassessed. Finally, task persistence was evaluated by allowing subjects to attempt as many additional pattern-matching problems as they wished, with all subjects receiving failure feedback. Results indicated that, although the two groups of subjects were initially similar, the success group's self-efficacy was significantly higher following feedback. The success group also attempted significantly more problems while later receiving failure feedback, and there was a significant positive correlation between task persistence and the second self-efficacy rating. These findings were related to Bandura's self-efficacy theory and to educational programming for conduct-disordered children.