Group Of Young Mothers Research Articles

Facebook moms help! What to buy for teething? The impact of social proof on consumer decisions of young mothers

Young mothers often look for solutions to problems related to childcare in groups associating other mothers on Facebook. One can find there not only numerous advice on, among others, nutrition, care or even treatment of infants, but also learn about various consumer trends. The aim of the article is to determine the role of social proof on groups of young mothers on Facebook in making consumer decisions. The research method used was the content analysis on a selected Polish group for young mothers on Facebook. It was hypothesized that social proof on Facebook groups is important in making consumer decisions of young mothers regarding their children. This applies to all products intended for young children, from care products, food products, toys, accessories for children, to medicinal products. Young mothers are often influenced by the prevailing trends and opinions of other members of the group for young mothers, who may be real mothers or – which one may not be aware of - representatives of various brands.

The relationship between family support system with maternal postpartum rage

This study investigated the mediating effect of social support with postpartum rage on young mothers during the first to twenty-four months. Method in this research is c a cross-sectional survey design was used in this quantitative non-experimental research. Subject of young mothers who have delivered the children aged one to twenty-four months women who lived in the area of west Sumatera. This study used edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) to measure which focuses on postpartum rage and the social support system scale to measure social support. Data analysis spearman Rho correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and path coefficients. After data from 121 participants were analyzed, the results of measurement showed a significant difference between postpartum rage that occurred in the group of young mothers who had their first child, which was greater than those who had a second or third child. Pregnancy has a partially mediating effect on the relationship between anger during pregnancy and postnatal depression in the first month. Findings highlight the importance of social support with high postpartum rage and provide interventions to increase their social support.

Socio-emotional skills of girls and young mothers in foster care

Socio-emotional skills are fundamental in acquiring a social network and in the transition to adult life. Youth in care are at serious risk of exclusion in their transition to adult life, and young mothers in care must face this difficult step with the added responsibility of motherhood.The aim of this study is to explore whether girls who are in residential care have fewer emotional skills than their peers, and if so, whether these girls have similar socio-emotional skills to girls who also experience disadvantaged environments but live with their families. Moreover, we will also analyse whether they have different skills to girls in care who are also mothers.One group was composed of the 18 teenage mothers in care who lived in the two residential care homes specialized for teen mothers in care in Catalonia (mother group). Another group comprised 18 girls from two residential care homes (girls in care group). Two more groups were included as controls groups: the normative group was made up of 18 girls from a secondary school attended by children from working middle-class families (normative group); the disadvantaged group was composed of 18 girls from disadvantaged families supervised by the Social Services participating in an NGO programme for children in families at risk.To this end, an emotional intelligence test (EQi Bar-on) was administered to 72 girls: 18 girls in care; 18 teenage mothers in care; 18 girls from a normative group (secondary school); and 18 girls from families at social risk.Those participant girls in foster care who were not mothers obtained lower scores than the normative group for the global EQi index, and on the scales of Self-actualization; Empathy; Social Responsibility; Problem Solving; Reality Testing; Impulse control and Happiness. However, the scores obtained by girls in foster care did not differ from those of their peers from disadvantaged backgrounds, with the exception of the Happiness scale, which were worse.The group of young mothers in care scored higher than those girls in care who are not mothers, their scores being similar to those of the normative group from working middle-class families.In the discussion, we analyse the possible factors underlying the observed relationships.

Особенности родительских установок молодых матерей с разным опытом родительства

The concepts of motherhood and parenthood are considered from the point of view of parental functions. A study was conducted of the parental attitudes of young mothers aged 20 to 35 y.o., who have the only child or a second child not older than 3. Among the 60 participants surveyed: 30 young mothers with one child and 30 mothers with parenting experience. The results of the study showed that the experience of parenting affects the attitude to family roles and to the child. The analysis of the results of the study of parental attitudes made it possible to record a significant number of significant differences (“attitude to family roles” – t = 2.46; р = 0.003; “restriction to the role of a housewife” – t = 4.07; р = 0.04; “sacrifice of parents” – t = 3.81; р = 0.05; “emotional distance with the child” – t = 3.66; р = 0.03; “excessive concentration on the child” – t = 4.58; р = 0.05; “contact” – t = 2.62; р = 0.005; “cognitive needs” – t = 3.97; р = 0.001; “creativity” – t = 3.51; р = 0.0001). Young mothers with one child limit their interests to the family, which creates a sense of sacrifice and provokes family conflicts; with a child, such a mother is emotionally close and encourages their activity. Experienced mothers do not limit their interests to family boundaries, while being satisfied with family relationships, the attitude towards the child is more authoritarian, such mothers are not emotionally close to the child and are strict. That is, the experience of parenting has a mixed effect on parental attitudes. In the group of young mothers with one child, it is necessary to get rid of the feeling of self-sacrifice in the family, increase self-esteem, and also reduce excessive care for the child. In a group of young mothers with parenting experience, it is necessary to reduce the authoritarian influence on the child, irritability and severity.

Multilevel Factors Influencing Young Mothers' Breastfeeding: A Qualitative CBPR Study.

Young mothers (age 14-24 years), who are often low income, are less likely than other mothers to breastfeed for 6 months. They also are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive forms of breast cancer; breastfeeding significantly reduces this risk. While adolescent breastfeeding has been investigated from the perspective of the individual, the social ecological model recognizes the influence of factors at multiple levels. The aim was to identify social and structural barriers to and motivators of breastfeeding that young mothers may encounter. Using a cross-sectional prospective qualitative design with a community-based participatory research approach, we sought to identify influential factors at each social ecological level: individual, relationship, community, and societal/structural. We used purposeful sampling, and enlisted snowball sampling. We interviewed stakeholder experts ( n = 9) and dyads ( n = 6) consisting of a young mother and her decision-making partner. Groups of young mothers ( n = 6 groups) collectively created community maps while discussing their feelings about infant feeding in different locations. Using collaborative data analysis, we identified themes and categorized barriers and facilitators according to the social ecological levels. Four meta-themes emerged: roles, place, stigma, and support. While some barriers and facilitators were similar to those experienced by mothers of all ages, participants reported multiple overlapping stigmas, requiring more support. Young mothers who decide to breastfeed encounter barriers at multiple levels. Policies and programs aiming to increase breastfeeding rates in this group must address these barriers and enlist identified facilitators.

The rich, the rich, we’ve got to get rid of the rich

This is the chant of 1500 protesters marching across Tower Bridge in London on a very wet and very cold Saturday afternoon in January. This was the very boisterous and loud section of the ‘March for Homes’, which started in Shoreditch in east London, led by the Focus E15 campaign – a group of young mothers and their children who were forcibly evicted out of a homeless hostel in 2013. The hostel sits in the shadow of the billion pound developments of the Olympic Park and the Westfield Shopping Centre. The campaign and fight of the Focus E15 mothers is just one example of the terrible and cruel ways that working-class families and young mothers in particular are being treated in austerity Britain. This is the consequence of inequality gone mad, unrestrained markets, and a lack of empathy for those who struggle to survive in a rampant neoliberal campaign for wealth and more wealth to be redistributed upwards. This is my current research: examining what is happening to working class families, and how precarious their lives have become because of the structuring forces of the open market. Drawing upon my previous research in St Ann’s in Nottingham, I show how working-class people and their communities have been devalued to such an extent that the land that they live on is worth more than them.

A nomadic war machine in the metropolis

This paper builds upon Colin McFarlane's 2011 call in City for an ‘assemblage urbanism’ to supplement critical urbanism. It does so by mapping the spatio-political contours of London's 21st-century housing crisis through the geophilosophical framework of Deleuze and Guattari's A Thousand Plateaus ([1980] 2013, London: Bloomsbury] and Hardt and Negri's analysis of the metropolis in Commonwealth (2009, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). The paper examines the Focus E15 housing campaign based around a group of young mothers in the East London borough of Newham. In 2013, the mothers were living in the Focus E15 foyer supported housing unit for young people in Newham, but they were subsequently threatened with eviction as a result of welfare cuts. After successfully contesting the mothers’ own prospective expulsion from the city, the campaign shifted to the broader struggle for ‘social housing not social cleansing’. The paper draws upon participant observation at campaign events and interviews with key members. The Focus E15 campaign has engaged in a series of actions which form a distinctive way of undertaking housing politics in London, a politics that can be understood using a Deleuzoguattarian framework. Several campaign actions, including temporary occupations, are analysed. It is argued that these actions have created ‘smooth space’ in a manner which is to an extent distinctive from many other London housing campaigns which are rooted in a more sedentary defensive approach based around the protection of existing homes and communities—‘our place’. It is such spatio-political creativity—operating as a ‘nomadic war machine'—which has given rise to the high-profile reputation of the Focus E15 campaigners as inspirational young women who do not ‘know their place’.

Extremos de idade materna e mortalidade infantil: análise entre 2000 e 2009

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of infant mortality at the extremes of maternal age. MethodRetrospective, cross‐sectional quantitative study using data from Live Birth Certificates, Death Certificates and from Child Death Investigation records in Londrina, Paraná, in the years of 2000‐2009. ResultsDuring the 10‐year study period, there were 176 infant deaths among mothers up to 19 years of age, and 113 deaths among mothers aged 35 years or more. The infant mortality rate among young mothers was 14.4 deaths per thousand births, compared to 12.9 deaths in the other age group. For adolescent mothers, the following conditions prevailed: lack of a stable partner (p<0.001), lack of a paid job (p<0.001), late start of prenatal care in the second trimester of pregnancy (p<0.001), fewer prenatal visits (p<0.001) and urinary tract infections (p<0.001). On the other hand, women aged 35 or more had a higher occurrence of hypertension during pregnancy (p<0.001), and of surgical delivery (p<0.001). Regarding the underlying cause of infant death, congenital anomalies prevailed in the group of older mothers (p=0.002), and external causes were predominant in the group of young mothers (p=0.019). ConclusionBoth age groups deserve the attention of social services for maternal and child health, especially adolescent mothers, who presented a higher combination of factors deemed hazardous to the child's health.

Extremes of maternal age and child mortality: analysis between 2000 and 2009

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of infant mortality at the extremes of maternal age.METHOD: Retrospective, cross-sectional quantitative study using data from Live Birth Certificates, Death Certificates and from Child Death Investigation records in Londrina, Paraná, in the years of 2000-2009.RESULTS: During the 10-year study period,there were 176 infant deaths among mothers up to 19 years of age, and 113 deaths among mothers aged 35 years or more. The infant mortality rate among young mothers was 14.4 deaths per thousand births, compared to 12.9 deaths in the other age group. For adolescent mothers, the following conditions prevailed: lack of a stable partner (p&lt;0.001), lack of a paid job (p&lt;0.001), late start of prenatal care in the second trimester of pregnancy (p&lt;0.001), fewer prenatal visits (p&lt;0.001) and urinary tract infections (p&lt;0.001). On the other hand, women aged 35 or more had a higher occurrence of hypertension during pregnancy (p&lt;0.001), and of surgical delivery (p&lt;0.001). Regarding the underlying cause of infant death, congenital anomalies prevailed in the group of older mothers (p=0.002), and external causes were predominant in the group of young mothers (p=0.019).CONCLUSION: Both age groups deserve the attention of social services for maternal and child health, especially adolescent mothers, who presented a higher combination of factors deemed hazardous to the child's health.

Extremes of maternal age and child mortality: analysis between 2000 and 2009

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of infant mortality at the extremes of maternal age. METHODRetrospective, cross-sectional quantitative study using data from Live Birth Certificates, Death Certificates and from Child Death Investigation records in Londrina, Paraná, in the years of 2000–2009. RESULTSDuring the 10-year study period, there were 176 infant deaths among mothers up to 19 years of age, and 113 deaths among mothers aged 35 years or more. The infant mortality rate among young mothers was 14.4 deaths per thousand births, compared to 12.9 deaths in the other age group. For adolescent mothers, the following conditions prevailed: lack of a stable partner (P<0.001), lack of a paid job (P<0.001), late start of prenatal care in the second trimester of pregnancy (P<0.001), fewer prenatal visits (P<0.001) and urinary tract infections (P<0.001). On the other hand, women aged 35 or more had a higher occurrence of hypertension during pregnancy (P<0.001), and of surgical delivery (P<0.001). Regarding the underlying cause of infant death, congenital anomalies prevailed in the group of older mothers (P=0.002), and external causes were predominant in the group of young mothers (P=0.019). CONCLUSIONBoth age groups deserve the attention of social services for maternal and child health, especially adolescent mothers, who presented a higher combination of factors deemed hazardous to the child's health.

The Relation Between Emotional Availability and Parenting Style: Cultural and Economic Factors in a Diverse Sample of Young Mothers

SYNOPSIS Objective. The goals of this study were to examine emotional availability, parenting attitudes, and parenting behaviors in relation to parenting style and cultural context in a diverse group of young mothers. Design. Participants were 313 first-time adolescent mothers of toddler-aged children from European American, Latin American, and African American backgrounds. Emotional availability was assessed using the Emotional Availability Scales, and cluster analysis was used to examine relations with mothers' reports of parenting attitudes and behaviors. Results. Three parenting styles emerged from the data: democratic, strict loving, and directive. The democratic and directive parenting styles were related to maternal ethnicity; European American mothers were more highly represented in the democratic parenting group, and Latin American mothers were more highly represented in the directive parenting group. In multivariate regression analysis, maternal Sensitivity was predicted by socioeconomic indicators but not ethnicity. Cultural background predicted style of parenting; socioeconomic markers predicted Sensitivity. Conclusions. Results are situated within current research about adolescent parenting, cultural context, and the strong confound between ethnicity and income within the United States.

Innovative access programme for young mothers wishing to train in childbirth education: from concept to evaluation

This paper describes the conception, planning, implementation and evaluation of an access programme arising out of an innovative collaboration between two charities, Straight Talking and the National Childbirth Trust. The access programme was designed at the request of a group of young mothers who had finished compulsory education and subsequently worked with the Straight Talking organisation, facilitating discussion with students in Years 10 and 11 about teenage pregnancy and parenting. The mothers wanted to acquire further academic, reflective and facilitation skills with a view to enrolling on the Diploma‐level antenatal education programme run by the National Childbirth Trust and validated by the University of Bedfordshire. The mothers hoped that they might ultimately work as antenatal teachers with pregnant teenagers and other groups of pregnant women and their families in southwest London.

Young maternal age and preterm birth.

The association between young maternal age and preterm birth (PTB) remains controversial. In some studies the association disappeared after controlling for socio-economic and reproductive factors, thus indicating that social disadvantage rather than biological factors may be the explanation. However, in other studies the association persisted after adjustment. The relation between young maternal age and PTB was studied in a city located in Brazil, an underdeveloped country, where the prevalence of teenage pregnancy was high, 29%. A systematic sampling of 2541 hospital births, stratified by hospital, was performed in São Luís, Northeast Brazil, from March 1997 to February 1998. The risks of PTB for infants born to two groups of young mothers (<18 and 18-19 years) were calculated with and without adjustment for confounding factors (family income, marital status, mode of delivery, parity, health insurance, and short maternal stature) in a logistic regression model, using mothers 25-29 years of age as the reference group. In the unadjusted analysis, the risk of PTB was higher for mothers < 18 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64, 3.57]. Those aged 18 or 19 years were not at a higher risk of PTB (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.58, 1.38). After adjustment, the risk of PTB for mothers < 18 years was lower but remained significant after controlling for confounding (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.11, 2.60). After performing a stratified analysis according to parity, the risk of PTB among very young primiparae (<18 years) remained significant (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.02, 3.08), whereas the risk among non-primiparous adolescents was not significantly higher than the risk among mothers in the reference group. This suggests that the association between young maternal age and PTB may have a biological basis or an artifactual explanation (errors in gestational age estimation may be more common among very young mothers) or may be due to residual confounding.

Breast-Feeding in Immigrant Women: The Role of Social Support and Acculturation

This study assessed the influence of social support and acculturation on breast-feeding in 962 low-income immigrant women in New York Women completed a questionnaire during their postpartum visit. Logistic regression analyses revealed that more acculturated women were 2 times less likely to decide to breast-feed than less acculturated women. The influence of acculturation decreased, however, when controlling for other predictor variables. Predictor variables of breast-feeding (p &lt; .OS) were intent, being a nonsmoker, breast-feeding role modeling, and a negative response to the item "A modern woman breast-feeds her baby." Acculturation did not influence breast-feeding. More acculturated women reported more social support. The results indicate a need to target breast-feeding promotion to the most vulnerable group of young mothers (i.e., recent arrivals and women who are undecided about their infantfeeding method).

The power of the small group

VISHANTIE SEWPAUL and THOBILE MAHLALELA relate the crises of a group of young mothers who discover their HIV status through their babies. In a support group they work through hostility, fear of rejection and guilt. Disclosure of HIV status marks the turning point in their struggle to cope as people living with HIV/AIDS

Effects of a Comprehensive Program for Teenage Parents: Five Years After Project Redirection

A fifth-year follow-up of teenage mothers who had enrolled in Project Redirection, a comprehensive program of services for pregnant and parenting teenagers, revealed many long-term benefits of the program. Administered when the young mothers were, on average, 22 years old, the follow-up found that program participants had better employment records, higher average earnings and lower rates of welfare dependency than a comparison group of similar young mothers who had not enrolled in Project Redirection. Moreover, participants had higher scores on a test of parenting, were more likely to have breastfed their infants and were more likely to have registered their children in Head Start. The children of the Project Redirection participants (whose average age was five and one-half) were better off than their comparison-group counterparts in terms of cognitive, social and emotional development. The two groups of young mothers were similar in terms of their educational attainment after five years, but differences in fertility were observed. Although the two groups had experienced similar numbers of pregnancies, Project Redirection participants were less likely to have terminated a pregnancy by means of induced abortion, and as a result had had a higher average number of live births. The economic status of women who were able to limit their child-bearing was generally more favorable than for those who were not able to do so, but participation in Project Redirection was associated with improved employment outcomes and greater self-sufficiency among all of the women, regardless of the size of their family.

Blood pressure of young mothers and their children after hypertension in adolescent pregnancy: six- to nine-year follow-up.

To determine if gestational hypertension during adolescent pregnancy is associated with subsequently elevated blood pressure, blood pressures were measured in young mothers 3-6 years and again at 6-9 years after their first pregnancy. Follow-up study groups were selected from an original study population of 409 pregnant adolescent women followed at the university of Kentucky Medical Center between 1971 and 1974 in a specially designated Young Mothers' Program. Blood pressures measured during the first and second follow-up surveys were highly correlated. Compared to matched control subjects who remained normotensive throughout pregnancy (n = 54), women with a history of hypertension during pregnancy (n = 70) were heavier, maintained higher blood pressure, and had a greater incidence of hypertension in subsequent pregnancies. At the second follow-up survey, systolic blood pressure and body weight of male children born to women who experienced gestational hypertension were greater than respective values in males born to women with normotensive pregnancies. Blood pressures of female children of the two groups of young mothers did not differ. Overall, blood pressures and body weights of young mothers correlated with blood pressures and body weights of both their children and their own mothers. The results suggest that gestational hypertension may unmask a tendency for hypertension.

Plasma renin activity, reactivity, concentration and substrate following hypertension during pregnancy. Effect of oral contraceptive agents.

Plasma renin activity is suppressed in approximately 25% of patients with essential hypertension, and the rate of in vitro angiotensin I production after addition of exogenous renin (renin reactivity) is increased in plasma of hypertensive patients. We have recently observed that blood pressure (116 +/- 1.5/68 +/- 1.7 mm Hg) of young women who had hypertension during a first pregnancy 3--6 years earlier (n = 63) was higher (p less than 0.005) than blood pressure (109 +/- 1.4/61 +/- 1.7 mm Hg) of women who remained normotensive during pregnancy (n = 52). To determine if alterations of the renin-angiotensin axis observed in patients with established hypertension also occur in young adults with relatively high blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma renin substrate (PRS) and plasma renin reactivity (PRR) were compared in these two groups of subjects. Overall, PRA and PRC were inversely related to systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.02). Excluding women on oral contraceptive agents, the PRA response to standardized treadmill exercise was suppressed (less than 1.0 ng/ml/hr) in 19% of women with a history of hypertension during pregnancy and in no women who remained normotensive throughout a previous pregnancy; PRR did not differ (p greater than 0.8) in the two groups of young mothers (27.1 ng/ml/30 min +/- 1.2 SE VS 26.2 ng/ml/30 min +/- 0.9 SE). Thus, renin suppression, but not increased PRR, precedes the onset of hypertension. Oral contraceptive usage was associated with higher systolic blood pressures, increased PRS, and low PRC. Highest blood pressures and lowest PRA occurred in women with a history of hypertension during pregnancy who were taking oral contraceptive agents at the time of study.

A STUDY OF WED AND UNWED MOTHERHOOD IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

There has been increasing interest in out-of-wedlock pregnancy over the past two decades, as evidenced in the literature by such milestones as Out of Wedlock (Young, 1954) and Unmarried Mothers (Vincent, 1961). Most of the professionals writing on this topic have viewed illegitimacy as necessarily always a problem about which we ought to do something. As a result of our findings with a group of young mothers, both wed and unwed, we propose to challenge this view. As part of a more general interest in adolescent motherhood, we undertook a study of patients of the general obstetrical clinic of the University of Kentucky Medical Center. This study included a psychiatric interview within 24 to 48 hours post-partum. The procedure was applied to both unmarried and married mothers with the original intent of comparing unwed mothers with a group of married mothers of similar age and background.

Trends of Change in Textbooks on the Family

Textbooks on the family, published by American writers since the Word War, have largely abandoned the ethnological and historical treatment of the subject, which predominated in earlier texts, and have turned toward social problems and personality relationships of family life. Similar trends are evident in articles on the family published in social science periodicals. But courses on the family in colleges and universities have lagged in shifting from the old to the new interests. A group of young mothers, when asked what additional training they wished their college courses might have given them, showed overwhelmigly more interest in the social psychology of family relations than in sociological theory. Courses on the family may well be reconsidered, not merely in the light of pure science, but also in view of the needs and interests of the students, and the trends of modern thought.