Group Of Verbs Research Articles

Молодежный сленг: восприятие глагольных заимствований носителями языка

This article presents the results of a psycholinguistic study aimed at determining the peculiarities of perception of English-language verb borrowings by Russian representatives of different age groups and professions. The research is based on the psycholinguistic theory of the word as a means of access to a single perceptual-cognitive-affective information base of a person and the concept of the specifics of the functioning of individual knowledge, developed by A.A. Zalevskaya. Quantitative indicators and qualitative analysis of the results obtained in the experiment made it possible to identify several groups of borrowed verbs depending on the level of their adaptation in the new language system. In addition, the experimental study was conducted in two stages (in the first part, stimuli were presented without context, in the second – in context), which allowed, during the analysis of the experimental results, to compare the characteristics of the identification of a borrowed English word by the subjects in a situational context and without it. The experimental material, English-language verb borrowings, is analyzed from the point of view of an individual using them: age, level of education, profession, level of knowledge /non- knowledge of a foreign language play an important role in the process of identifying words of youth slang. With age, the tolerant attitude towards borrowings decreases, while it turned out that representatives of the humanitarian professions are generally more tolerant of foreign language vocabulary than people who are professionally unrelated to language and cultural studies. With an increase in the level of education of the subjects, the speech adaptation of new borrowings is easier.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ГРУППЫ ГЛАГОЛОВ: ОСНОВЫ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ, РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the lexical and semantic group of verbs. Various classifications of lexical and semantic groups of verbs of the Russian language, as well as their features, are considered. The article presents various research approaches to the study of this field of linguistics by famous linguists: L.M. Vasilyeva, Yu.D. Apresyan, A.A., Kuznetsova, N.Yu. Shvedova N.Yu., etc.

ГЛАГОЛЫ БЫТИЯ И ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ИХ СОЧЕТАЕМОСТЬ

The article considers a group of verbs of position in space and verbs of being and their compatibil-ity with abstract nouns in the role of the subject. The article notes that the verbs of position in space with this combination acquire a more generalized meaning

A semantic approach for the analysis of verbs in life sciences texts

ABSTRACT This paper presents a corpusbased study of a group of lexical verbs in eighteenth and nineteenth century scientific texts. The study has a twofold aim. Firstly, it aims to select four types of verb classes (verbs of communication, desire, aspectuals and perception) identified by Levin and Noonan and explore their use in the Corpus of English Life Sciences Texts, a subcorpus of the Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing. Secondly, it aims to determine if the frequency of these verbs varies based on the gender of the authors. Further, the study seeks to ascertain if a shifting pattern could be attested in the use of these verbs throughout the two centuries examined in the corpus, at a time when the scientific register was already becoming established. The findings of the study obtained from the greater or lesser occurrence of the verbs in question over the two centuries indicate which ones were more frequent in Life Sciences texts, whether they were more commonly used either by men or women and whether there was a pattern of continued usage of these verbs in Late Modern English scientific language rather than a shift towards nominalisation in this type of discourse.

LINGVO-DIDACTIC FEACHES OF STUDYING VERBS OF MOTION IN FOREIGN MEDICAL STUDENTS’ CLASS

One of the important part of the process of studying the Ukrainian language by non-native speakers is the learning the lexical-semantic group of verbs of motion. The article deals with the main methodical principles and techniques that ensure the assimilation of information about verbs of motion in the course of the discipline «Ukrainian as a foreign language» at the theoretical and practical levels, contribute to mastering the skills to use the verbs of motion by English speaking students in their oral and written communication on their own. The article is devoted to presentation of the methodology for learning verbs of movement the the foreign medical students. The methodology was developed and tested by the teachers of the Department of Ukrainian Studies of Vinnytsya National Pirogov Memorial Medical University and presented in the national textbook «Ukrainian language as a foreign language for English-speaking medical students. Book 1. Sociocultural communication». The aim of the article is to analyze the proposed didactic solutions, presented semantic information, grammatical constructions, educational tables, types of tasks and their content in accordance with the communicative needs of English-speaking students who are starting to learn Ukrainian as a foreign language. In addition to the theoretical substantiation of the research topic, the article presents practical recommendations, a system of exercises for learning verbs of motion in a foreign-language audience at different levels of Ukrainian language proficiency. The method proposed in scientific research is the result of long-term practical work on teaching the Ukrainian language as a foreign language, it is based on a functional-communicative approach that promotes conscious mastery of the language. It is aimed at helping non-native speakers to overcome the difficulties of understanding the lexical-semantic diversity of verbs of motion in the Ukrainian language, their grammatical categories, to gain clear and structured knowledge of a complex and multifaceted topic. The key to a successful result is gradual teaching based on previously studied material, using educational schemes, grammatical constructions, tables, etc. Key words: verbs of motion, Ukrainian language as a foreign language, linguistic didactics, methodology of teaching Ukrainian language as a foreign language.

To be or to have? That is the question

For the first time, systematic research of auxiliary selection in Italian is proposed using corpus analysis and natural language processing (NLP). By combining these methods, we seek to find the most significant factors that influence the choice of auxiliary in intransitive verbs with double auxiliation. These verbs have often been studied in the literature (e.g., peripheral verbs [Sorace 2000]), but they have never been addressed in a comprehensive way (Giancarli 2015). The findings emphasize the most significant factors influencing the choice of ‘be’ or ‘have’ based on semantic, syntactic, and morphological aspects. On the basis of corpus analysis and statistical tools (CHAID and Random Forest) evidence, we propose the internal cause and the human trait as the possible factors useful in untangling the knot of auxiliary selection within Italian verbs with double auxiliation. This article also presents a reflection on semi-auxiliary verbs, a particular group of Italian verbs that operate as semi-auxiliary by being followed by an infinitive. For this group of verbs, we propose that auxiliary selection depends not only on the semantics of the verb or of the subject, but mainly on the auxiliary selection of the infinitive.

Reflexivity patterns in West-Slavic languages

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse differences in reflexive coding in Slovak, Czech and Polish and to evaluate the factors responsible for using phonologically more or less complex reflexive markers. To address this issue, we looked at preferred reflexive coding strategies in Slovak, Czech, and Polish, relying on data extracted from InterCorp multilingual corpus. The results are then verified by data from monolingual corpora of investigated languages for one semantic group of verbs labelled as ‘Prevarication’ in FrameNet. The results show that semantic frame underlying the meaning of lexical items cannot be the only possible explanation for distribution of reflexive markers but there are also other semantic, syntactic and pragmatic factors playing a pivotal role in reflexive coding strategies, often unique for a given language.

THE NATIONAL CORPUS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE: THE SEMANTIC MARKUP ОF VERBS

Due to the fact that the development of the corpus has become one of the priorities for all languages of the modern world, the improvement of the national corpus of the Kazakh language (NCKL) is also a very relevant issue. One of the types of linguistic information reflecting the meaning of a word in the NCKL database is lexical-semantic markup. The article examines the world experience of lexical-semantic markup and provides an overview of foreign research. Analyzing the national corpus of the Russian language and the Kalmyk language, the peculiarities of the national corpus of the Kazakh language are noted. The methods of dividing verbs into lexical-semantic groups are indicated, on the basis of which the markup of the corpus is formed, i.e. the definition of codes that reveal the meaning of the word. In the study, lexical-semantic groups were classified according to the method of describing verb meanings and synthesizing based on common meanings, semantic groups of Kazakh verbs were compared with each other and with semantic groups in other languages.As a result of the research, macro- and microgroups characterizing the meaning of the verb were included in the National Corpus of the Kazakh language. In total, 100 lexical-semantic groups have been formed. The lexical-semantic markup of verbs included six different codes. Lexical-semantic markup was attached to 18200 verbs based on the corpus. The compiled lexical-semantic markup expands the information about the word in the National Corpus of the Kazakh language, allows the user to easily determine the meaning of the word, sort verbs with a similar meaning and verbs with a positive, negative connotation of meaning. It can be said that lexical-semantic markup is one of the first steps to facilitate the recognition of the semantics of words of Kazakh artificial intelligence, which is expected to be created in the near future.

English Onomatopoeic Verbs of Motion in Literary Works by Lora Owen and Their Translation into the Russian Language

Introduction. The study is focused on English onomatopoeic verbs of motion in the literary texts for children. A comparative analysis of sentences containing this particular semantic group of verbs in the original text and in the corresponding sentences of the translated text is carried out, the main goal being to ascertain whether the translator managed to avoid the loss of iconicity and preserve iconic features of the original verb in the target language translation and to what extent. Methodology and source. The study was conducted on the original texts of 16 short stories for young children by Laura Owen and the texts of their translations into Russian by T. Slavnikova and E. Ukhova. The selection of verbs of motion was carried out in accordance with the dictionary definitions of competent monolingual English dictionaries, which resulted in clasifying all verbs the meaning “movement in space” as verbs of motion. The corpus of studied verbs obtained by continuous sampling from the analysed texts amounted to 201 lexemes, 160 of which being of iconic origin. At the second stage of the reseach, a comparative analysis of original sentences containing onomatopoeic verbs of motion and their contextual translations was perfomed in order to assess the quality of the translation. Results and discussion. A high degree of saturation (79.6 %) of the analyzed original tests with onomatopeic verbs of motion was revealed. The analysis of the translated texts of L. Owen’s stories for kids by T. Slavnikova strongly indicates a realistic possibility of rendering anomatopeic verbs of motion into a target language preserving their iconic essence. Conclusion. It seems apparent that to ensure adequate translation of iconic lexis, translators should be aware of iconicity theory and phonosemantics, as well as acquire skills to effectively apply them in practical translation. Further research of this kind translation might contribute to developing some strategies for translating iconic lexis.

ГЛАГОЛЫ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ИХ СОЧЕТАЕМОСТЬ

The article considers a group of verbs of position in space and their compatibility with abstract nouns in the role of the subject. The article notes that the verbs of position in space with this combination acquire a more generalized meaning

MÜASİR İNGİLİS VƏ ALMAN DİLLƏRİNDƏ GÜMAN BİLDİRƏN FEİLLƏRİN SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

Semantic Properties of Presumptive Verbs in Modern English and German Summary While studying the semantic characteristics of presumptive verbs in modern English and German languages, it can be concluded that these verbs, which are distinguished by their small number compared to other verbs in the vocabulary of the language, belong to the group of verbs that play an important role in the act of speaking due to their unique semantic nuances and a wide range of expressive possibilities. As a result, while studying the lexical-semantic features of the presumptive verbs in both languages, we clarified that the pragmatic-stylistic nuances of these verbs are characterized by the use of the correct verb as the correct choice in the subject's speech in relation to the object. Key words: speech act, presumptive verbs, semantic features, ways of expression, affirmative and negative forms

Translation of English Verbs Belonging to the Lexico-Semantic Group of Human Behavior into Russian and German (Based on W. Thackeray’s Novel “Vanity Fair”)

This article examines the use of English verbs related to human behavior in W. Thackeray’s novel “Vanity Fair” and their translations into German and Russian. Based on the analysis of lexicographic sources, the structure of the lexico-semantic group of behavioral verbs in English, German, and Russian was analyzed. Common transformations employed to translate such verbs from English into German and Russian were identified. The most representative examples were picked from the novel. Particular attention was given to the relationship between the translation methods and each target language, as well as between the source language and the target languages. The Russian and German translations of the novel were compared for accuracy in conveying all details. Using componential analysis, a semantic classification of the selected verbs, depending on the type of behavior they describe, was compiled for the three languages. The results obtained led to the following conclusions. The behavioral verbs in W. Thackeray’s novel “Vanity Fair” are most often translated into Russian and German with literal equivalents of the original lexemes. However, lexical and grammatical substitutions were also revealed: their usage depends on grammatical structure, lexical compatibility, and linguistic standards. The German translation proved to be more plausible than the Russian one. This could be because English and German are both Germanic languages and belong to the same branch of the Indo-European language family. In the Russian translation, multiple transformations of the original text are used more often. They are meant to convey the author’s ideas rather than the exact lexicographic meanings of separate words. The findings of this study contribute to the development of the theory and practice of translation and provide a deeper insight into W. Thackeray’s worldview.

Verbal vocabulary as a means of expressing interpersonal relations in Russian and Chinese

The subject of the study is the semantic and functional features of the lexico-semantic group of verbs denoting interpersonal relations in the Russian and Chinese languages. The verbal vocabulary representing the category of relationship describes the relationships that arise between people in the form of feelings, judgments and appeals to each other in the course of everyday life. The purpose of the proposed article is to identify the semantic and functional features of the verbs of the lexico-semantic group of interpersonal relations in the system of Russian and Chinese languages. The study revealed similarities and differences in the meaning of these verbs. As the analysis showed, some Chinese verbs do not match the meaning of the verbs of the Russian language. This article also examines the types of semantic changes in the semantic structure of the verbal word form functioning in the context. The main method of studying this group of verbs in Russian and Chinese is the comparative method. The descriptive method and the functional-semantic method, as well as the method of component analysis, were used in the selection and use of linguistic material. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the verbs of interpersonal relations are still insufficiently studied on the materials of the Russian and Chinese languages. The results of the research can be used in the practice of teaching university courses in such disciplines as cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, and intercultural communication. The study allows us to conclude that the verbs of interpersonal relationships are quite often used in both languages. The meanings of Chinese and Russian verbs are not always equivalent. Their semantic structures may also differ. The analysis of interlanguage gaps reveals the presence of incomplete lexical correspondence to a foreign word. Some verbal lexicons express interpersonal relationships in their direct meanings, while others develop this ability as a result of semantic modulation and semantic derivation. Interpersonal relationships can be expressed by verbs from other lexico-semantic groups, acquiring the semantics of interpersonal relationships in the context. In conclusion, we note that expressions of interpersonal relationships can also be verb-noun combinations, which, when analyzing various specifiers in the context, indicate the reasons for a positive or negative attitude towards a person.

‘In Itself’: A New Investigation of Kant’s Adverbial Wording of Transcendental Idealism

Abstract This article offers the first systematic investigation of the linguistic forms in which Kant expresses his transcendental idealism since Gerold Prauss’ seminal book Kant und das Problem der Dinge an sich. It is argued that Prauss’ own argument for the claim that ‘in itself’ is an adverbial expression that standardly modifies verbs of philosophical reflection is flawed and that there is hence very poor exegetical evidence for so-called ‘methodological two-aspect’ interpretations of Kant’s transcendental idealism. A comprehensive investigation of Kant’s adverbial uses of ‘in itself’ rather reveals that there are various groups of verbs that ‘in itself’ modifies, which can more or less all be reduced to a standard use in which ‘in itself’ modifies verbs of predicative being such as the copula. It is also discussed how these findings can be accommodated by the two main alternative kinds of interpretations, that is, two-object and ontological two-aspect interpretations.

Infinitive as a verb form of the German language

The object of the study is the infinitive of the German language, and the subject is its semantic, structural and functional characteristics, which make it possible to interpret it as a verb form. The authors consider in detail such aspects as the specificity of the infinitive expression of the verbal categorical meaning, which brings it closer to the noun; structural division and microsystem of infinitive forms of the modern German language. Morphological features of the infinitive are considered through the prism of historical changes in the structure of the word in the German language. The authors pay special attention to the syntactic behavior of the infinitive. At the same time, the authors pay special attention to the multifunctionality of the infinitive, which is maximally identical to the nominal parts of speech. At the same time, the authors note the manifestation of the verb character of the infinitive in the ability to form a verb group. The methodological basis of the work is based on a systematic approach to the interpretation of linguistic phenomena in synchrony and diachrony. The theoretical basis of the research is the fundamental principles of general, comparative historical and Germanic linguistics. The comparative method and the method of distributive analysis were used to identify the functional potential of the infinitive and innovative phenomena. The main conclusions of the study are to identify the complexity of interpreting syncretic units to which the infinitive belongs. It was found that during the development of the German language, the infinitive gradually entered its verbal system, losing nominal grammatical features, such as the case paradigm. At the same time, the infinitive acquired verbal signs, as a temporary and collateral meaning. A special contribution of the author is the conclusion that the dual nature of the infinitive, which determines its peripheral position, is the basis for expanding its functional potential, which contributes to the participation of the infinitive in the formation of new grammatical structures/forms. The novelty of the study lies in the identification of such a function of the infinitive as participation in the formation of verb groups, where maximum proximity with the final verb is manifested.

The diachrony of the Basque marker bait-: from a manner expression to subordinator

Abstract This article analyzes the diachrony of the Basque marker bait-, which is a verbal prefix in subordinate clauses, but also has other functions: for example, it appears in independent clauses and indefinite pronouns. In subordinate clauses, it is used in two ways. First, it co-occurs with clause-initial conjunctions in reason, manner or result clauses or with pronouns in relative clauses. Secondly, it is used on its own, in relative, reason, result and complement clauses (with a limited group of verbs, such as emotive factive predicates or predicates of happening). The article combines evidence from a corpus study (6822 examples from 16th- to 20th-century texts) and internal reconstruction to (1) determine if and in what way the subordinator bait- and the affirmative bai ‘yes’ can be diachronically related, and (2) try to establish diachronic relations between the functions of bait-. It is proposed that the missing link between the subordinator and the affirmative particle might be a manner expression bai which had anaphoric functions. The marker bait- emerged as a reanalyzed form of the manner expression, which then gradually and through various pathways spread to different types of subordinate clauses and was reanalyzed as a subordinator.

The grammaticalization and grammatical meaning of a ‘do’ support verb in the northern Italian Camuno dialect

Abstract This paper provides a case study of the grammaticalization of ‘do’ as a support verb in the northern Italian dialect of Camuno. It demonstrates the relative compatibility of fa ‘do’ with different semantic types of supported verbs through the results of an elicitation experiment. A comparison of results from adjacent dialects reveals a series of progressively more grammaticalized forms with three stages: ‘pragmatic’ ‘do’-support, largely restricted to agentive-subject, activity verbs, where question type depends mainly on the pragmatics; ‘agentive’ ‘do’-support, where use with that core group of verbs is largely categorial, and there is more use with theme-subject, change-of-state verbs and a few experiencer-subject, stative verbs; and ‘generalized’ ‘do’-support where optionality remains only with the most resistant stative verbs. Along with loss of lexical content in ‘do’, comes a reduction in salience of the special question meaning. Furthermore, a question with lexical fa ‘do’ (in an optional FS dialect) implies physical evidence exists to determine the truth of a proposition. In a question with bleached fa ‘do’ (in an obligatory FS dialect) the connection to reality has been lost leaving only the implication, and fa ‘do’ has then become an epistemic modal.

Level of Mastery of Malay Vocabulary among Non-Native Students in Form One

Vocabulary plays an important role in language learning because it is the basis for mastering the language, especially for non-native speakers. Students face challenges in mastering vocabulary in Malay. This study aims to determine the level of vocabulary mastery in learning Malay among non-native speakers. This study involved a total of 254 students from 10 secondary schools in the Pudu and Bangsar areas of Kuala Lumpur through purposive sampling. Research findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 27.0. The findings of the study show that overall, the level of vocabulary mastery is moderate except that the verb group is high and the adjective group is low among non-native speakers. This study suggests that the aspect of vocabulary teaching should be given attention in Teaching and Learning activities starting from primary school.

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUPS OF VERBS IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM IN ENGLISH DRAMA OF XVII–XX CENTURIES

The article identifies lexico-semantic groups of verbs which were used in the Continuous form through the Modern English period (XVII–XX centuries). It has been determined that in most cases the Continuous forms are used with the verbs of dynamic semantics. Nevertheless there has been revealed a tendency of Continuous forms to increase their use with stative verbs, which contribute to the fixing of expressive meaning in these forms.

Глаголы «работать» и «делать» в идиостиле Н. С. Дашевской: прагмасемантический аспект

The aim of the research is to characterize the author’s pragmatic attitude related to the use of lexemes belonging to the lexico-semantic group of verbs naming work activities in general (‘работать’ (to work), ‘делать’ (to do)) in the texts of N. S. Dashevskaya’s novellas; to determine the reasons for the preference for the lexeme ‘делать’ and the specifics of its functioning in the texts under study. The research is original in that it is the first to examine the functioning of the verbs ‘работать’ and ‘делать’ as units belonging to the lexico-semantic group ‘Work activities’ to comprehend the author’s pragmatic attitudes in a text addressed to children or adolescents. The research findings showed that the author’s reference to the specified lexico-semantic group is associated with the wide collocability of the verb ‘делать’, which affects its general linguistic use, and with the features specific to the texts of children’s and youth literature. Phraseological units and set expressions that include the lexeme ‘делать’ make it possible to describe the specific behavioral features of a child or adolescent protagonist, the grammatical compatibility of the lexeme with direct additions naming academic disciplines (‘делать алгебру’ (to do algebra homework), ‘делать проект’ (to do a project)) serves as a reliable representation of the ordinary life of schoolchildren, which emphasizes the realism of N. S. Dashevskaya’s novellas.