Groups Of Psychologists Research Articles

The Mental Effect of Music on the Personal State in Terms of Depressive Personality Disorders.

The use of music as a basis for overcoming depressive personality disorders is possible only if the individual is ready for this therapy. Music therapy affects, first of all, the very structure of personality, its dynamic filling with current social and political tendencies, and allows to highlight problem areas, which are often viewed as complex in the structure of other psychological problems. The purpose of the current study was the determination and justification of the corresponding criteria in relation to this, as well as the methodology for diagnosing the studied phenomenon. The diagnostics involved five groups of psychologists (in general, 438 persons). The preparedness of therapists for preventive and remedial work with patients with depressive conduct disorder was evaluated. To test the truth of the statistical hypothesis the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney criterion was used. The novelty of the article is determined by the fact that the use of music is considered only as a therapeutic measure, and not associated with the use of medication or sedation. The developed system of the use of music therapy can be implemented only under the condition of applying special factors and principles. These factors include, first of all, the ability to respond to the personality and, if necessary, adjust the therapy strategy.

DIFFERENCES IN INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT SOCIONOMIC PROFESSIONS

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of differences in interpersonal interaction of representatives of different socionomic professions. The indicators of interpersonal interaction are procedural such as: primary contact, communication, relationships and structural and personal characteristics: motivational, emotional, volitional and cognitive. The following representatives of socionomic professions were studied: psychologists, teachers, journalists, social educators and managers. It is empirically determined that groups of psychologists, teachers, managers and journalists do not differ significantly in the manifestation of indicators of interpersonal interaction. They demonstrate sufficiently developed qualities that provide interpersonal interaction at all stages. As for social educators, they have a much lower level of procedural features of interpersonal interaction compared to other specialists. Significant differences in the manifestation of structural and personal characteristics of interpersonal interaction between all groups of subjects were revealed. Social educators understand other people better than representatives of all other professions, are able to resolve interpersonal conflicts. Much worse, but this characteristic will also be sufficiently demonstrated by teachers, psychologists and managers. Journalists have difficulty resolving interpersonal conflicts. The specificity of interpersonal interaction of representatives of socionomic professions is emphasized.Key words: interpersonal interaction, primary contact, communication, relations, structural-personal features, socionomic professions.

Influências na escolha da carreira em psicologia clínica e não clínica: o papel do trauma

This study intended to investigate the influences that accompany someone´s career choice in Psychology, as well as to verify if trauma or adverse experiences contribute to this same choice. The sample included 204 subjects with professional training in psychology, divided into two groups (clinical and non-clinical). For data collection we used the questionnaire Influences on Becoming a Therapist-IBT, adapted for Portugal in the present research, the EADS-21, Portuguese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the ESAF- Scale about Happiness, and the ECA, Portuguese version of the Centrality of Event Scale. Results suggest, in both groups, positive and negative significant associations between variables, with specificities associated with each group. Also, it was found in the total sample of subjects that the Centrality of the Event explains 6% of Psychopathology and 12% of the range of Experiences that Influence the Career Choice in Psychology of the IBT Scale. Experiences, on the other hand, explain 14% of the Centrality of the Event and 4% of Psychopathology. Furthermore, it was possible to identity differences in what concerned the Motivations that Influence Career Choices in Psychology and in the age groups, in both groups of Psychologists. The results allow us to conclude on the importance of the career path prior to professional choice and suggest the need for more research on the impact of trauma and motivations not only on career choice but also on career development and quality.

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for girl victims of sexual violence in Brazil: Are there differences in effectiveness when applied by different groups of psychologists?

The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group therapy model for the treatment of girl victims of sexual violence (SV) was investigated when applied by different groups of professionals: researchers/psychologists who developed it (G1) and psychologists from the public social care network trained by the first group (G2). A <em>quasi</em>-experimental study was carried out, in which the group therapy model was applied by the two groups. A total of 103 girl victims of sexual violence (SV), aged between seven and 16 years (M=11.76 years, SD=2.02 years) were included, with 49 attended by G1, and 54 by G2. The results indicated a significant reduction in the symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD. The comparison between the results obtained by the two groups of professionals in the application of the model indicated no significant differences in the rates of improvement of the participants. These results indicate the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral group therapy model evaluated and the possibility of it being used as a care strategy by psychology professionals working in public services.

В поисках единиц анализа исполнительной деятельности

The paper describes studies of executive actions carried out by Vladimir Zinchenko in the 1970s and 80s at the Faculty of Psychology at the Lomonosov Moscow State University. Conceptual development of the activity theory implied reaching the micro-levels of activity processes in order to determine the minimal units of analysis. Executive action, flexible and adaptive in response to various changes of conditions, was obviously an attractive choice for experimenting. Luckily enough, it turned out there were certain parties interested in such experiments at that time — specialized scientific research institutes (‘NII’) whose heads were concerned with increasing the effectiveness of activity in human-operators. This led to a technological re-equipment of research laboratories of the Faculty of Psychology at the MSU in the 1970s. Supported by computers, several groups of psychologists from the Chair of General Psychology, Chair of Psychophysiol- ogy and Chair of Work and Engineering Psychology initiated a series of studies. A number of temporary project laboratories were created, three of which happened to be under direct or indirect conceptual and managerial influence of V.P. Zinchenko. This paper outlines the main outcomes of a research on data entry actions that involved a short-term quantitative measurement of individuals’ memory image of computer keyboard layout.

Do Empathic Abilities Change throughout the Course of Becoming a Psychotherapist?

Abstract. Empathy is defined as an individually varying but stable personality trait. Contrary to this statement we proposed a model ( Georgi, Petermann & Schipper, 2014 ) in which individual empathic abilities are continuously modulated throughout life, resulting in modifications of neural processes and their underlying neural structures. To further investigate and validate the model’s assumptions we conducted a cross-sectional study using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy, assessing empathic abilities of three groups of psychologists at different stages of their careers. Results showed higher cognitive and lower affective empathic measures for psychological psychotherapists compared to first-year-bachelor as well as master students. Regarding to our model these findings demonstrate possible effects of psychological education and professional experience on empathic perception.

Professional profile, well-being and job satisfaction among psychologists working in public healthcare services

Different work environments and working conditions can affect or influence levels of well-being and job satisfaction. This study's aim was to analyze the well-being and job satisfaction of 66 psychologists working in the public healthcare services of two municipal healthcare centers and a federal university. Data were submitted to descriptive, variance and correlation analyses. The results revealed general averages with values close to the scales' midpoints. The analysis of variance among the groups of psychologists working in the three different facilities showed significant differences in levels of satisfaction regarding working conditions and the perception of accomplishment/expressiveness. The satisfaction scales were significantly correlated with the well-being scales. The conclusion is that the results show possible interventions designed to reduce or eliminate negative factors and increase well-being and job satisfaction.

Predictors of career satisfaction among practicing psychologists.

Are psychologists satisfied with their careers? The present study sought to answer this question and to understand factors that relate to high levels of career satisfaction. Data from 595 respondents of a national survey of practicing psychologists indicated that, consistent with past research, psychologists tend to be satisfied with their careers. To investigate factors that predict high levels of satisfaction, two groups of psychologists were identified: a high-satisfaction group (n 129) and a moderate-satisfaction group (n 102). Optimal data analysis (ODA) was then used to identify single variables, as well as combinations of personal and professional factors, that maximized classification accuracy in predicting high versus moderate career satisfaction. Percentage of direct-pay clients, work–life balance strategies, control at work, and reflecting on satisfying work experiences emerged as important predictors. Specific recommendations for practitioners are discussed.

Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Differences in Standards and Practice between Licensed and Board-Certified Psychologists

The purpose of this study was to examine the current diagnostic standards and assessment practices of psychologists when diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A web-based survey was employed to gather information on opinions and assessment practices of psychologists who were either licensed with no board certification, board certified in clinical psychology, or board certified in forensic psychology. Significant differences were found between the three groups of psychologists in frequency of inclusion of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–Fourth Edition–Text Revision Criterion A, in use of recommended collateral information sources, in use of assessment methods or types of recommended instruments, and in assessing for over-reported PTSD symptoms. Results indicated that board certification status had significant impact on psychologists’ diagnostic standards and assessment practices related to PTSD.

Uptake of Medicare Benefits Schedule items by psychologists and other mental health practitioners

This paper provides a background to the mental health policy changes introduced by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) in 2006. It then considers a major Australian Government COAG reform, the revision of the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), by analysing the month-by-month utilisation of the available time-series data for the 17-month period (1 November 2006–31 March 2008) when new items for psychologists, social workers and occupational therapists were introduced. There are a number of unique problems associated with monthly time-series data. Essentially, there is a problem of heterogeneity that arises from the non-uniformity of the temporal unit of a ‘month’. Second, there is an issue of the population covered by Medicare altering through time. Both of these problems are addressed in the present analysis of the time-series data. The two groups of psychologists created by the MBS changes dominate the provision of the new services, providing 96.4% of the new services. Psychologists, who are not deemed clinical psychologists in the MBS changes, are the group providing most of the services. Virtually all services are individual, not group, and are provided in a consulting room. The temporal adoption of the new items was continuing to grow by March 2008. Implications of this analysis for psychologists are discussed.

Turning Pedagogy into a Science: Teachers and Psychologists in Late Imperial Russia (1897–1917)

The article explores the Russian teachers' tortuous campaign at the beginning of the twentieth century to rise above the status of "semiprofessionals" by rooting the legitimacy of their professional expertise, training institutions, and working practices in the authority of "science." This involved a radical reshaping of traditional pedagogy and its fusion with new, controversial approaches to child psychology. It also led to a proliferation of teacher-training courses and conferences devoted to "pedagogical psychology," "experimental pedagogy," and "pedology." The article analyzes how the teachers' professional aspirations interacted with the conflicting agendas of rival groups of psychologists, who were themselves engaged in bitter squabbles over the legitimate identity of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Assessment of ADHD: Differences Across Psychology Specialty Areas

Child psychologists are frequently involved in the assessment of ADHD symptoms among school-aged youth. There is limited information regarding the extent to which psychologists adhere to recommended assessment practices and whether differences exist in assessment strategies among psychologists from different specialty areas (clinical, counseling, and school) and/or who practice in different settings (university, school, or outpatient clinic). A 3 (specialty area) × 3 (employment setting) between-groups design is used wherein 230 child psychologists completed surveys regarding diagnostic practice. Psychologists differ in adherence with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision) diagnostic criteria, use of clinical interviews, and type of behavior observation. Only 15% of psychologists report using multiple methods consistent with recommended standards of best practice. Differences between groups of psychologists indicate that the diagnosis of ADHD in children is influenced by the type of psychologist conducting the evaluation and the setting in which the evaluation is conducted.

A Survey on Views of How to Assist With Coming Out as Gay, Changing Same-Sex Behavior or Orientation, and Navigating Sexual Identity Confusion

This study is an analysis of 186 psychologists' attitudes on what constitutes ethical practice when counseling clients who present with a range of concerns related to their experience of same-sex attraction and behavior. Three different groups of psychologists were surveyed: generalists, specialists in gay and lesbian issues, and religiously affiliated psychologists. Participants also rated the effectiveness of several professional experiences in providing education, direction, sanctions, or support to regulate the practice of counseling nonheterosexual clients. Significant group differences were found regarding what is considered best, acceptable, and unacceptable practice with clients presenting with same-sex attraction issues. Significant differences were also found among the three groups in what respondents rated as effective elements of their clinical experience.Keywords: gay, lesbian, religion, survey

Practice Patterns Across the Clinical Life Span: Results From the California Survey of Psychological Practice.

Recent surveys among psychologists and historical accounts of the profession document important practice pattern differences among psychologists on the basis of years of postlicensure experience. Evidence for these differences across 4 groups of psychologists was examined from responses to the 2000 California Survey of Psychological Practice. Psychologists with fewer than 5 years of experience were found to treat on a weekly basis a greater percentage of patients with childhood disorders and substance abuse disorders and to spend a greater percentage of practice time in public health and/or mental health settings than other psychologists. No differences were found in the use of 3 dominant forms of psychotherapy. The implications of these results for practicing psychologists, graduate faculty and students, and representatives of state psychological associations are discussed.

A History of Clinical Psychology in Britain: Some Impressions and Reflections

Clinical psychology has grown to become the largest field of applied psychology, not only in Britain, but in every other developed country. There has been no previous overall account of this growth, spanning the influence of applied psychology before and during the Second World War, as well as the past fifty years. This development is explored within a conceptual, political, and professional matrix, covering overall themes, such as the impact of the arrival of behaviour and cognitive-behavioural therapy, leading to the acceptance of a broader range of therapies. There have been tensions and conflicts, such as that between the Maudsley Hospital and the Tavistock Clinic, and internal friction within the British Psychological Society. Consideration is given to innovative places, such as the Crichton Royal Dumfries, and creative individuals, such as the Clarkes, as well as other groups of psychologists. The influence of the wider ‘psychologisation of everyday life’, and developing models of training, are analysed.

The Null Hypothesis Testing Controversy in Psychology

A controversy concerning the usefulness of “null” hypothesis tests in scientific inference has continued in articles within psychology since 1960 and has recently come to a head, with serious proposals offered for a test ban or something close to it. This article sketches some of the views of statistical theory and practice among different groups of psychologists, reviews a recent book offering multiple perspectives on null hypothesis tests, and argues that the debate within psychology is a symptom of serious incompleteness in the foundations of statistics.

Attitudes of parents, teachers, and health professionals toward child disabilities

Attitudes toward 20 different handicaps in children were investigated by requesting groups of psychologists, parents of children with handicaps, parents of children without handicaps, special education teachers, and regular classroom teachers to respond to three different attitudinal measures. The measures consisted of an Adoption Scale, calling for degree of acceptance of each condition for adoption; a version of the Semantic Differential Scale, involving ratings of each condition on seven bipolar scales; and a Social Distance scale, measuring the acceptability of children having these handicapping conditions within the community, school, social group, and home. The findings indicated major differences in attitudes attributable to disparate rating groups, handicapping conditions, and measures employed.

What Unionists Should Known About Psychologists

Recent articles and papers have reviewed the many reasons why unions and their members distrust psychologists and the growing network dedicated to thaw this relationship. The primary purpose of this article is to discuss how the services of four groups of psychologists (Clinicians/ Counselors in private practice, Industrial/Organizational consultants, Educators, and Researchers) may be particularly beneficial to unions and their members. All psychologists interested in unions must become better prepared to share information about the field and the utility of their services.

Motivational patterns among three groups of psychologists.

Motivational patterns among three groups of psychologists.

Motivational patterns among three groups of psychologists.

Motivational patterns among three groups of psychologists.