Abelian subgroups, particularly ‘‘large’’ abelian subgroups of p-groups, have played an important role in finite group theory. Let p be a prime and let P be a finite p-group. Suppose A is an elementary abelian subgroup of some order p in P. We ask whether P has a normal elementary abelian subgroup of order p. In general, the answer is no, for example, if n 2 and P is the dihedral group of order 16. More generally, Alperin has constructed a counterexample for each prime p Hup, p. 349 . However, there are situations in which the answer must be yes, e.g., AG, Theorems A and 5.8 if p is odd and p 4n 7, if P has nilpotence class at most p, Ž p . or if p 3 and P has exponent p x 1 for every x P . Since Alperin’s counterexamples have exponent greater than p, this leaves the question open if p 5 and P has exponent p. The purpose of this paper is to give counterexamples in these cases. Ž . As usual, define the rank m A of a finite abelian group to be the Ž . minimal number of generators of A, and the rank r P of a finite p-group P to be the maximum of the ranks of the abelian subgroups of P. We prove: