Groups Of Adult Albino Rats Research Articles

Riboflavin attenuates tartrazine toxicity in the cerebellar cortex of adult albino rat

Tartrazine is a synthetic yellowish dye considered one of the most common food colorants. Extensive usage of tartrazine in humans led to harmful health impacts. To investigate the impact of tartrazine administration on the cerebellum and to assess the potential role of riboflavin co-administration in the adult male albino rat. Four groups of adult albino rats were included in this study. Group I was supplied with distilled water. Group II was supplied tartrazine orally at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg BW dissolved in distilled water. Group III was supplied with tartrazine at the same previously mentioned dose and riboflavin orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW dissolved in distilled water. Group IV was supplied with riboflavin at the same previously mentioned dose. The study was conducted for 30 days then rats were sacrificed, weighted and the cerebella extracted and handled for light, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation. It was found with tartrazine treatment focal areas of Purkinje cell loss leaving empty spaces, a broad spread of neuronal affection to the degree of the disappearance of some of the granular cells, reduced the thickness of the molecular and granular layers, and strong positive GFAP immunoreactions. With riboflavin coadministration restored continuous Purkinje layer with normal appeared Purkinje cells, but some cells were still shrunken and vacuolated as well as the molecular and granular cell layers appeared normal. Tartrazine had deleterious effects on the cerebellar cytoarchitecture, and riboflavin co-administration alleviated these neurotoxic effects.

The histological effect of the injection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on sciatic nerve of rats

The ongoing work aims to compare the effect of extraneural and intraneural injection of therapeutic doses of meloxicam and diclofenac sodium on the sciatic nerve of rats. Six groups of adult albino rats were used with five animals per group. Control group (A), group (B), and group (C) received a single extraneural injection of normal saline (NS) 0.25 ml/kg/rat, meloxicam (M) 0.11 mg/kg/0.25ml/rat and diclofenac sodium (V) 1.1 mg/kg/0.25ml/rat respectively. In contrast, control group (D), group (E), and group (F) received a single intraneural injection of the same doses of normal saline, meloxicam, and diclofenac sodium, respectively. Histological evaluation reveals an increased thickening of epineurium, dilatation, congestion of epineurial blood vessels, intrafascicular edema, axonal degeneration, myelin degeneration, and vacuolization in group (C) which was higher than those in the group (B). These changes were also greater in group (F) compared to groups (D) and (E). The histopathological changes of the sciatic nerve were greatest in the case of intraneural injection of saline, meloxicam, and diclofenac sodium, which means that the damaging effect of intraneural injection of the drug was greater than the extraneural injection of the same drug. It is concluded that extraneural and intraneural injections of therapeutic doses of meloxicam cause less damage to the sciatic nerve compared to diclofenac sodium. Thus it is considered to be more secure than diclofenac sodium after intramuscular injection. Sciatic nerve injury can occur following intramuscular injection into the gluteal region, particularly if the needle hits the nerve.

Possible involvement of beta-adrenergic receptors in the enhancement of nocturnal pineal N-acetyltransferase activity due to parathion administration

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of administration of sublethal doses of O, O-diethyl- O- p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) on serum epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE), as well as on night-time rat pineal melatonin synthesis, both in the presence and absence of propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. In the first experiment, two groups of adult albino rats were administered parathion orally (1.08 and 2.17 mg/kg/day; the total received by each animal was 6.5 and 13.0 mg/kg body weight over 6 days); another two groups received corn oil only. Animals were killed at 23:00 and 01:00 h by decapitation. Serum EPI was augmented at 01:00 h, but NE was increased at 01:00 and 23:00 h due to administration of the high dose of parathion (13 mg/kg). In the second experiment, two groups of adult male albino rats were administered parathion orally (13 mg/kg); another two groups received an intraperitoneal injection of propranolol (20 mg/kg body weight, 1 h before the lights were turned off). In addition, two groups were given a saline injection. Four hours after darkness onset, pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity as well as pineal and serum melatonin levels were measured. Parathion by itself significantly augmented nocturnal pineal NAT activity and serum melatonin levels in otherwise untreated rats; the insecticide was ineffective in reference to this enzyme when it was given in conjunction with the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. The augmentation of NAT activity by parathion also caused significant reduction in pineal serotonin (5-HT); again, this response was blocked by propranolol treatment. The results are consistent with the idea that parathion influences pineal 5-HT metabolism either at the level of the β-adrenergic receptor or via the sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland.

Delayed Effects of Radiation on Some Trace Elements in Different Areas of Rats Brain.

Recent studies have shown that inspite of the radioresistant response of the brain tissue, yet irradiation even at lower doses can affect this tissue and the changes in the levels of some trace elements may be capable of explaining many toxic effects e, g. Parkinsonism is the result of manganese level changes. In this study we used two groups of adult albino rats of both sexes one as a control and the other was exposed to a single radiation dose of gamma rays (60Co) 5 Gy, then some trace elements levels (Fe, Zn, Se, Rb and Br) were measured in the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum after a latent period of 2 months by using energy dispersive X-ray flourscenee (EDXRF) analysis. The iron, zinc, selenium and bromine have shown a significant drop in all the brain areas, while rubidium has not shown any change.