Group Wise Research Articles

Role of whole body MRI in paraneoplastic/autoimmune syndromes: An MRPET study to standardize protocols, pattern interpretation, and establish yield of MRI.

Imaging a case of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) can be challenging as the underlying tumor may be occult. The aim of this retrospective case-based study is to evaluate role of whole-body MRI/Positron emission tomography (PET) in workup of AIE. Standardizing the whole-body MRI/PET protocol, Cross modality yield with serology and magnetic resonance/PET (MR/PET) and finally highlight the advantage of hybrid MR/PET. We present the retrospective review data from January 2016 to December 2019 referred for whole body MR/PET with suspected AIE/Paraneoplastic syndrome, per consensus criteria, treated at a single tertiary center. Analysis is done group wise based on referral being for oncological, immunological or neuropsychiatric condition. Detailed results with sensitivity and specificity are presented in tabular format with case-based review in our series for protocols and advantages of MR/PET. Among total of 600 MR/PET cases, 227 were suspected of AIE/paraneoplastic syndrome and were referred for whole body imaging. Distribution of Group 1 Known oncology group (n = 10), Group 2 Non oncological systemic illness group (n = 174) and group 3 the primary neuropsychiatric illness (n = 43) with Group 2 being largest. The gender distribution was similar and mean age was 42 years. Seronegative cases (n = 130) were greater than seropositive cases (n = 97). Seropositivity was in the following order Autoimmune > Paraneoplastic > Myositis panel. Whole body MRPET yielded occult malignancy in 9% and imaging abnormality in 88% of cases. Whole body MR/PET has an important role in workup of AIE. Selection of the appropriate protocol is important, especially when history and physical examination are nonspecific.

Brain activity associated with quadriceps strength deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Prolonged treatment resistant quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) contributes to re-injury risk, poor patient outcomes, and earlier development of osteoarthritis. The origin of post-injury weakness is in part neurological in nature, but it is unknown whether regional brain activity is related to clinical metrics of quadriceps weakness. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to better understand the neural contributions to quadriceps weakness after injury by evaluating the relationship between brain activity for a quadriceps-dominated knee task (repeated cycles of unilateral knee flexion/extension from 45° to 0°), , and strength asymmetry in individuals returned to activity after ACL-R. Forty-four participants were recruited (22 with unilateral ACL reconstruction; 22 controls) and peak isokinetic knee extensor torque was assessed at 60°/s to calculate quadriceps limb symmetry index (Q-LSI, ratio of involved/uninvolved limb). Correlations were used to determine the relationship of mean % signal change within key sensorimotor brain regions and Q-LSI. Brain activity was also evaluated group wise based on clinical recommendations for strength (Q-LSI < 90%, n = 12; Q-LSI ≥ 90%, n = 10; controls, all n = 22 Q-LSI ≥ 90%). Lower Q-LSI was related to increased activity in the contralateral premotor cortex and lingual gyrus (p < .05). Those who did not meet clinical recommendations for strength demonstrated greater lingual gyrus activity compared to those who met clinical recommendations Q-LSI ≥ 90 and healthy controls (p < 0.05). Asymmetrically weak ACL-R patients displayed greater cortical activity than patients with no underlying asymmetry and healthy controls.

Prospective Study of Psychosocial Distress and Perceived Social Support among Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for CNS Tumours

Background and aim: The lack of social support in patients undergoing radiotherapy for CNS tumours can lead to psychosocial distress (depression and anxiety), which often goes undiagnosed or unnoticed. It is our aim to analyse the social support by the patient’s family, friends, special person and psychosocial distress so as to assist patients in coping with treatment and improve their quality of life. Methods: In the study, all patients with CNS tumours who had radiotherapy indications were included. Patients were assessed for depression, anxiety and social support at their first radiotherapy session. They were reassessed again for depression and anxiety at the last day of radiotherapy completion and two months after radiotherapy in the first follow-up. We assessed social support through the MSPSS (multidimensional perceived social support) questionnaire and HADS (hospital anxiety depression scale) questionnaire were used to assess depression and anxiety. Results: The results of our study indicate that 56% of the population received high levels of social support, 34% received moderate support and 10% received low support. There is a statistically significant difference in terms of different age group wise and the social support they receive. (p &lt; 0.05). An initial incidence of borderline depression population was increased from 28% to 53%, then decline to 32%. The incidence of depression was initially 18% population and then increased to 47%. On follow-up there were no signs of depression. An initial incidence of borderline anxiety of 46% population, later dropped to 44%, followed by a continuation of the same 46%. Initially, there were 20% of population reported anxiety then it increased to 56% and on follow-up there had been no signs of anxiety. There is a statistically significant difference in terms of different age group wise and the level of psychosocial distress (depression and anxiety). (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: We found in our study that most CNS tumour patients managed to perceive high social support, especially from their families. However, if we consider friends and special person support, we find that more than 50 years age group population do not receive adequate support. Significant numbers of patients in this study were borderline depressed and anxious even before they began radiotherapy. Depression and anxiety are more intense after completing radiotherapy and then decrease when patients come for their first follow-up. As part of cancer treatment social support and depression, anxiety should be assessed and treated as needed.

Adverse Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Synthetic Human Insulin in Diabetic Type-2 Patients, A Comparative Clinical Study

Background: The use of Synthetic human insulin in diabetic individuals may develop number of serious medical complications in population like Hypoglycemia, Weight gain, Little Skin Depression and Dementia. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objects of current study were to provide awareness about the recent Biochemical and Physiological side effects of Artificial Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the people. Study Design: A comparative clinical study. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted in Lahore Medical &amp; Dental College Lahore, The university of Lahore, Lahore, Suleman Roshan medical college Tando Adam Sindh and Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore Pakistan from March 2021 June 2022. Methodology: Total 450 diabetic type- 2 patients of age 40-60 years were selected for present study and they were divided into three different groups regarding injected units of synthetic insulin. In Group-A 100 male and 50 female were taking 20 units twice a day, whereas 100 male and 50 female individuals with diabetes type-2 of Group-B were injected 30 units twice a day while 80 male and 40 female of Group-C were taking 45 units twice a day respectively. Fasting and Random glucose levels, Body mass index (BMI), levels of Dementia and Skin Depression parameters of each individual were measured and compared group wise. Results: A remarkable significant changes (P≤0.05) in Fasting glucose levels, Random glucose levels after 2 hour of meal, Random glucose levels after 3 hour of meal, Random glucose levels after 4 hour of meal, Body mass index, body mass index after 6 month, body mass index after 12 month, Incidence of severe hypoglycemia of male and female were concluded in group-B and group-C as compared with group-A, because 20 units of insulin created less hypoglycemic effects as compared with 30 and 45 units which were injected in Group-B and Group-C comparatively. Practical implication: Awareness about side effects of artificial Insulin therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the people is so important and helpful for quality of life and safety. Conclusion: The findings of present study were indicated that long term insulin therapy develop hypoglycemia and significant changes (P≤0.05) in BMI in patients with diabetes type-2. It was concluded that a significant (P≤0.05) weight gain in regular user of synthetic insulin diabetic type-2 patients was very common. Keywords: Hypoglycemia, Synthetic insulin, Body mass index, Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative analysis of upper airway space with lateral cephalogram and cone beam computed tomography in north Gujarat population

Objective : The Aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of upper airway measurement using with lateral cephalogram , CBCT lateral reconstruction and CBCT axial planes as well as to correlates these finding with area measurements acquired with the latter imaging methods. Methods : In this study , 44 subject (22 males &amp; 22 females) included from north Gujarat adults . Landmark were defined for measurement of naso and Oropharynx , for different planes , using linear antero-posterior measurement and the corresponding area. Result : Analysis of variance shows linear measurement in nasopharynx and oropharynx area wise distribution and Inter Group Wise Distribution in Nasopharynx , all three group have significant different value. In inter Group Wise Distribution in Oropharynx, there is statistically no significant difference between Lateral Reconstruction Group and Lateral Cephalogram Manual Tracing Group. Statistically, no significant difference between Lateral Reconstruction Group and Axial Slice Group &amp; also Statistically, no significant difference between Lateral Cephalogram Manual Tracing Group and Axial Slice Group. Conclusion : The linear measurements of the airway space obtained using the different techniques correlated positively with the respective area measurements, which demonstrate the reliability of the investigated techniques.

PRESENT STATUS AND KEY TO INDIAN FAIRYFLY GENERA (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE)

Indian mymarid genera is updated. Keys to diagnose all the known 10 generic groups and 39 mymarid genera (generic group wise) of India are furnished in accordance with the recent (2021) changes in classification of mymarids.

Novel application of SiO2 nanofluid coolant for enhancing machinability over inconel 706 CNC end milling with conventional coolant

This comparative experimental study aims to improve machinability in terms of machining rate by novelly applying SiO2 nanofluid in the palace of conventional coolant for CNC end milling of Inconel 706. Two groups considered in this study are SiO2 nanofluid (CN) and Conventional Coolant (CC) based wet machining of Inconel 706 work material. The carbide end mill cutter of four flute, square end type used. Nanofluid with SiO2 concentration 4 wt% with less 5 nm sized particles considered. Sample size calculated 16 per group with G-power 80 % and alpha 0.05 settings. The key factors of cutting velocity, cutter feed rate, and depth of cut are varied by four levels. Material Removal Rate was calculated from the experimental observations and compared group wise in SPSS software. The test result shows a significance value of 0.015 (p less than 0.05), which reveals that observed results are significant. Novel application of SiO2 nanofluid in CNC end milling of Inconel 706 yielded 44.71 % higher material removal rate than conventional coolant.

Effects of Garcinia Cambogia on the Weights of Normal Albino Mice

Aim: Effects of available weight reducing drugs on the weights of a normal albino mice. Methodology: In this study, total 39 adult albino mice were used and were divided in three groups containing 13 animals in each. Group I served as control and was given 1 ml of distilled water once a day for 8 weeks. Group II and Group III served as experimental group and mice in these groups were given 0.5 mg of Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water respectively once a day for 8 weeks. To support these results weights of kidneys were also measured and relative tissue width index was calculated and compared with control group. Results: The weight of the animals increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. The overall difference for final weight among three groups was highly significant with p-value &lt;0.01. When final weight compared group wise, the experimental groups had significantly higher weight as compared to control with p-values &lt;0.01and 0.028 Conclusion: Both Ultra Slim Plus and Slim Smart drugs cause weight to increase in the individuals who are not obese and have BMI in normal range Keywords: Weight loss, Garcinia Cambodia, kidney, Albino mice

Research Productivity of Faculty Members of Taharabad College: A Scientometric Study

The Twenty-first century shaped a new atmosphere for education. Due to computer technology, internet, smart phones and other such devices, education reached to each and every corner of the world. Even people living in remote areas are able to reap the benefits of open education system and distance education system This paper presents a scientomentric study of Arts and Commerce College i.e. research productivity of faculty members during 2019-2021. This research paper covers gender wise, age group wise, writing/publication statues of teachers, language wise research productivity, use of communication channel for research, purpose of research productivity, and authorship pattern.

Environment sustainability practices in bangladeshi cement industries

Cement industries are responsible for huge amount of air pollution, which is harmful for the relevant workers health. According to a new questionnaire-based study, Bangladesh's cement industry has limited opportunities to follow green manufacturing practices. The aim of this paper is to investigate the situation of group wise environmental sustainability practices in Bangladesh, with the goal of assisting cement manufacturers in Bangladesh to improve their environmental sustainability practices in their manufacturing processes. In this paper, a comparison of cement manufacturers across Bangladesh's three major divisions was presented. It has been discovered that a large number of employees from these three departments are unaware of environmental concerns and sustainable industrial activities. Just 53% of the respondents are aware of the environmental concerns surrounding cement production and their customers are the primary sources of such knowledge. Furthermore, only 42% of respondents used the ISO 14000 environmental quality control scheme, despite the fact that 53% of respondents used some kind of green manufacturing. Moreover, the causes for non-adoption as well as environmental factors affecting sustainable industrial practices have been identified and established. The lack of financial resources, lack of understanding and information about environmental issues, lack of demand from customers and stakeholders are the reasons why such practices have not been adopted. In order to follow green production methods, it is essential to use environmentally friendly cement materials, recycled-fiber packaging, biodegradable packaging and environmentally friendly waste management systems and technologies.

SOLITARY RECTAL ULCER SYNDROME AND ITS RELATION TO SPECIFIC FOOD

Introduction: SRUS was rst identied as clinical identity in 1969. But the etiology is not known. Anal ssure, IBD, proctagia fugax and malignancy, rectal polyps, hemorrhoids, and infections. Rarely ischemia, trauma and cystic profunda colitis and Stercoral ulcers have to be excluded. Hence a careful history is important. Material and methods: Patients presenting with C/O constipation or straining at stools with difculty in passing motion with associated minimal bleeding per rectum on and off period less than a month were included in the study. All patients were investigated for stool for occult blood, Us abdomen, BMFT, CBP and exible sigmoidoscopy. Results:100 patients presenting with constipation and bleeding PR were investigated. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed multiple pin point supercial ulcers on the anterior rectal wall without involvement of sigmoid colon. The incidence age group wise was seen very high between 20 to 60 years. M: F ratio 47:53. All were positive for stool for occult blood, negative for IBD and malignancy by biopsy. They responded to dietary changes i.e; veg, non spicy, non fried diet with antibiotic, mesalamine (400mg BD) and lactulose 15ml at bed time. 10 days after the test follow up sigmoidoscopy was found normal and patient asymptomatic even after 3 months. Discussion: The incidence of SRUS has become common irrespective of age and sex. The type of food used by all these patients was found to be more or less similar with majority of them using fast food, fried food, and spicy food. Stoppage of the above mentioned food with specic treatment for 10 days resulted in recovery with normal sigmoidoscopy. Conclusion: SRUS incidence is high in general population due to specic food type and evacuation behavior.

Melatonin promotes in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes potentially by modulating MAD2 protein expression of SAC component through MTRs

Previous studies have shown that melatonin (MT) can ameliorate vitrification-inflicted damage in mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, however, the key mechanistic basis of this improvement still remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate whether MT can improve in vitro developmental potential of vitrified-warmed GV oocytes through its receptors. The fresh oocytes were randomly divided into four groups: untreated (control group, F), vitrified by open-pulled straw method (vitrification group, V), vitrification group with 100 nmol/L MT supplementation (vitrification + MT group, VM), and with 100 nmol/L MT plus 100 nmol/L luzindole administration (vitrification + MT + luzindole group, VML) or with 50 nmol/L ramelteon addition (vitrification + ramelteon group; VR). After warming, oocytes were cultured in vitro, and MT receptors (MTRs), MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2), Securin and CyclinB1 protein levels and spindle morphology were evaluated. The ratio of oocytes developed to the metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII) stages was also assessed. The results showed that after vitrification-warming, the in vitro maturation rate of GV oocytes was significantly lower compared to the control (F) group. Vitrification also significantly impaired the spindle morphology, decreased the protein level of MTRs and Securin, and decreased MAD2 levels in MI oocytes. However, when MT or ramelteon (MTRs agonist) were added (group wise) to warming and maturation media, the maturation rate of GV oocytes was significantly increased, the normal proportion of the spindle morphology increased, and the expression level of MAD2 increased in their resulting MI oocytes compared to the vitrification group. However, following addition of both MT and ramelteon, the maturation rate of GV oocyte showed no significant difference between VML and vitrification groups. The spindle morphology and MAD2 levels in MI oocytes were comparable to the vitrification group but differed significantly from the VM group. Taken together, finding of the present study shows that MT (100 nmol/L) can ameliorate the in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes, potentially by improving the spindle morphology, modulating MAD2 protein level and promoting the development of MI stage oocytes through MTRs.

Habitual Exposure to Trigeminal Stimuli and Its Effects on the Processing of Chemosensory Stimuli

Our objective was to compare brain responses to trigeminal and olfactory stimuli in frequent and non-frequent gum chewers in order to explore whether habitual exposure to trigeminal stimuli affects their central-nervous processing. In healthy subjects, fMRI brain scans were obtained for 20 frequent gum chewers (GC) and 20 non-frequent gum chewers (N′GC), in response to four odorous stimuli; 2 ‘trigeminal’ (peppermint and spearmint) and 2 non-trigeminal or ‘olfactory’ (cherry and strawberry). During measurements, subjects reported intensity and pleasantness ratings for all stimuli. In addition, a test for general trigeminal sensitivity test (lateralization test) and an odor threshold test was performed. Brain activations in response to individual odors were investigated for the total study population followed by group wise (GC and N′GC) analysis separately for responses to trigeminal (peppermint + spearmint) and olfactory (cherry + strawberry) odors.(1) The GC group exhibited higher trigeminal sensitivity compared to the N′GC group. (2) Olfactory odors activated bilateral insular cortex and amygdala. Apart from olfactory areas (amygdala, insular cortex), trigeminal odors also produced activations in right thalamus and right substantia nigra. (3) In the GC group, olfactory odors produced higher bilateral insular cortex activation than in N′GC group, but no such differences were observed for trigeminal odors. GC subjects appeared to be more responsive to trigeminal chemosensory stimuli. However, this did not directly translate into differences in central-nervous activations to trigeminal stimuli; instead, the use of chewing gum was associated with stronger brain activation towards olfactory stimuli.

Comparative analysis of working length determination using Radiovisiography, Electronic apex locator &amp; Graduated root canal length indicating cone – An in vivo study

Purpose:The present study evaluated accuracy of radiovisiography (RVG), electronic apex locator (EAL)andgraduated root canal length indicating cone (GRCLIC) when used for working length determination. Materials and Methods:Total of 11 patients with 30 maxillary anterior teeth in the age group of 30-60 years scheduled for extraction for periodontal reasons were selected. Standard access cavities were preparedand selected teeth were then subjected to working length determination using three methods and compared with actual canal length determined after extraction. The study groups were as follows: Group 1: Working length determination using RVG Group 2: Working length determination with EAL Propex-II, Dentsply Group 3: Working length determination using GRCLIC Group 4: Actual canal length determined after extraction and 1mm subtracted from it The data was analyzed statistically by ANOVA test to compare the four groups and by unpaired t-test and scheffe’s multiple comparison test group wise. Results:There was no significance difference (p &gt; 0.05) observed between Group 1 (RVG), Group 2 (EAL) and Group 3 (GRCLIC) with Group 4 (AL).Percentage accuracy analysis indicated that GRCLIC method showed maximum accuracy i.e. 96.43% followed by RVG with 96.12% accuracy and EAL with a value of 95.81%. Conclusion: GRCLIC used for calibration of working length produced comparable results with the actual length, thus suggesting that it may be used for root length determination in clinical practice instead of conventional files with less accuracy. Key Words:Electronic Apex Locator, Graduated Root Canal Length Indicating Cone, Radiovisiography, Working length determination

How the collaborative learning can strengthen the Teaching and learning process in Engineering Education

Teaching is making a difference on the lifetime of the learner, making them to be a productive member of the society. The method of teaching is completed during a well organized manner then it can improves the learners constructive, innovative thoughts, inter personal skills and provides ability to guide to future learners. collaborative learning involves the pedagogies of learner in interactive mode and involves the co operation, interaction between the learners. By making the discussion as group wise, by sharing their ideas openly learners present their subject. Collaborative learning enhances co operative nature, communication skills, builds confidence about the topic and therefore the most vital thing is it provides good idea about time management. Students. were participated within the activity in agood interactive way.

To compare the efficacy of Telmisartan and Ramipril in patients of essential hypertension with type 2 diabetes in controlling the blood pressure and improving lipid profile of the patients.

Background: Hypertension is an extremely common comorbid condition in DM, affecting 20-60% patients with DM. As the common denominator of hypertensive diabetic target organ-disease is the vascular tree, the co-existence of hypertension and DM is devastating to cardiovascular and renal system. Lipids stand one of the major contributing factor in cardiovascular morbidity amongst these patients. Many drugs are available in the market to control this, we have studied the efficacy of Telmisartan and Ramipril in improving the lipid profile of these patients. Observation and Results: Group A received Telmisartan while Group B received Ramipril. The baseline lab values of both the groups showed no any statistical difference showing the homogeneity of the groups. Similarly there was no any significant difference between the baseline Lipid profile values of TC, LDL, TG &amp; HDL (All P &gt; 0.05). The reduction in mean SBP &amp; DBP was statistically significant over 12 weeks of therapy in both the groups. But there was no statistical difference inter group wise. It was observed that there was statistically significant difference in mean TC levels, mean LDL levels, when two groups are compared after 12 weeks of therapy. (P value &lt; 0.05). While no significant difference was observed in the values of TG &amp; HDL (P value &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is significant correlation between the use of Telmisartan and Ramipril in lowering the lipids in the patients of Diabetes with Hypertension. Lowering the lipids is very important to prevent any cardiovascular complications, which are one of the major contributing factors to the morbidity and mortality amongst these patients.

A study of clinical pattern of acne vulgaris – In a tertiary care hospital in India

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units. Sebaceous gland is an important epidermal appendage involved in its pathogenesis. It is one of the most common skin condition of adolescents and adults. In this disease it develops multiple lesions like comedones, papules, nodules, cysts and scars. Factors like androgenetic hormones, amount of sebum secretion, follicular microbial flora, and fat rich diets are responsible for its cause. With this background we conducted this study of clinical pattern of acne vulgaris in a tertiary care hospital in India. To study about the clinical pattern of acne vulgaris in patients attending dermatology OPD in a tertiary care hospital in India.A total of 200 consecutive patients attending the dermatology OPD with clinical features of Acne vulgaris was included in the study. Pregnant women and patients with drug induced acne vulgaris were excluded from the study. This hospital based observational study was carried out from November 2019 to January 2020. The datas were collected in a predesigned proforma which includes age, gender, marital status, age of onset, duration, body sites involved, number and severity of acne lesions, menstrual history, features of androgenicity, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring of skin.A total of 200 Acne vulgaris patients were studied with 59% males and 41% females. Age group wise, patients above 18 years (51%) followed by 14 to 18 years (38%) were affected. The common body sites involvement were face (45%), trunk (18%) and neck (13%) are mainly involved. Acne grading shows, grade 3(53%), grade 2(21%) were involved. Males with androgenetic features were 20 patients (38%) and females were 33 patients (62%). Total number of patients having androgenetic features were 53(26.5%).

Status and Distribution of Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in the South Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

The Indian Peafowls (Pavo crisatus) is Least Concern (LC) category on Red list and Schedule I species as per Wildlife Protection Act (1972) in India. Indian Peafowl (Pavo crisatus) population status and distribution was studied in South Coimbatore district especially in Polllachi area from August 2017 to January 2018. The study carried out in 13 villages in South Coimbatore including Nchavelampalayam, Chandrapuram, Kollupalayam, Chellampalayam, Marampudungigoundanur, Athanaripalayam, Kotturmalayandipattinam, Vallakundapuram, Vedasanthur, Kanchampalayam, Sangampalayam, Angalankuruchi, Paramadaiyur Village etc. From the present study, 405 direct sighting consists of 1283 Peafowls in 13 villages were recorded. Based on the Group wise of Peafowls showed that Mixed group(MIG) contain 50.37% followed by Male female group(MFG) stand for 40.74%, Female chick group(FCG) contains 4.19%, Female group(FG) with the percentage of 3.95%, and Male group(MG) which constitute of 0.74% were recorded. Based on Peafowls classification, Females Peafowls consist of 59.85% followed by 17.77% of Peacock, 13.09% Peafowls chicks, 9.27% sub adults Peafowls were observed. According to the Peafowls habitat, the study area categorized into mixed forest (MFL) habitat, Agricultural Land (AL) and Coconut farmland (CFL). Maximum of Peafowls observed in Coconut farmland (CFL) comprised of 44.33% followed by the mixed forest land (MFL) habitat consists of 36.20% and very low in Agricultural Land (AL) 19.45% of Peafowls were occupied. As a result of habitat thrashing, absence of predation and easy accessibility of food, climate change influence of Peafowls interested in countryside villages.

Irisin promotes growth, migration and matrix formation in human periodontal ligament cells

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the effect of irisin on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) growth, migration and osteogenic behaviour in vitro. Materials and methodsPrimary hPDLCs and human osteoblasts (hOBs), used as positive controls, were cultured with irisin (10 and 100 ng/ml), and effect on cell proliferation was evaluated with 5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine incorporation at 1, 2, and 3 days, and on migration capacity was investigated by scratch assay at 2, 6, and 24 h. Osteogenic behaviour was assessed with alkaline phosphatase activity, immunoassay at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, and confocal laser scanning microscopy at 21 days. Mineralization was examined by Alizarin red staining at 21 days. Data were compared group wise using ANOVA tests. ResultsIrisin induced increased proliferation of primary hPDLCs and hOBs at all time points compared to untreated controls. This was confirmed by scratch assay where irisin enhanced migration of both hPDLCs and hOBs after 6 and 24 h compared to controls. Irisin treatment promoted osteogenic behaviour of both cell types by enhancement of extracellular matrix formation. In hPDLCs irisin increased expression of type I collagen, secretion of osteoblastogenesis related proteins osteocalcin and leptin, and calcium deposition/mineralization compared to controls at 21 days. In addition, to enhance calcium deposition/mineralization in hOBs, irisin increased expression of periostin, and secretion of osteoblastogenesis related proteins osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, as compared to controls at 21 days. ConclusionsPrimary hPDLCs responded to irisin treatment with enhanced cell growth, migration, and matrix formation in vitro.

Pair-wise vs group-wise registration in statistical shape model construction: representation of physiological and pathological variability of bony surface morphology

Statistical shape models (SSM) of bony surfaces have been widely proposed in orthopedics, especially for anatomical bone modeling, joint kinematic analysis, staging of morphological abnormality, and pre- and intra-operative shape reconstruction. In the SSM computation, reference shape selection, shape registration and point correspondence computation are fundamental aspects determining the quality (generality, specificity and compactness) of the SSM. Such procedures can be made critical by the presence of large morphological dissimilarities within the surfaces, not only because of anthropometrical variability but also mainly due to pathological abnormalities. In this work, we proposed a SW pipeline for SSM construction based on pair-wise (PW) shape registration, which requires the a-priori selection of the reference shape, and on a custom iterative point correspondence algorithm. We addressed large morphological deformations in five different bony surface sets, namely proximal femur, distal femur, patella, proximal fibula and proximal tibia, extracted from a retrospective patient dataset. The technique was compared to a method from the literature, based on group-wise (GW) shape registration. As a main finding, the proposed technique provided generalization and specificity median errors, for all the five bony regions, lower than 2 mm. The comparative analysis provided basically similar results. Particularly, for the distal femur that was the shape affected by the largest pathological deformations, the differences in generalization, specificity and compactness were lower than 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1%, respectively. We can argue the proposed pipeline, along with the robust correspondence algorithm, is able to compute high-quality SSM of bony shapes, even affected by large morphological variability.