Small Group Of Companies Research Articles

Broad collection of consumer data by Big Tech: exclusionary or exploitative abuse?

ABSTRACT The ability to gather and process large amounts of personal data is primarily held by a small group of companies. Some regulators, scholars, and practitioners have expressed concerns that major advertising-based platforms such as Google and Facebook may abuse their dominant position in the data market by requiring users to agree to the intensive collection of their data as a condition to the free access and use of those platforms’ core services. This raises the question of whether such broad collection of consumer data should be examined by European competition authorities as a foreclosure aiming at excluding current and potential competitors from the market of consumer data or as an excessive collection of personal data having the effect of lowering user’s privacy. This paper seeks to discuss this matter by examining the recent ruling in Meta by the European Court of Justice.

A Comparison of Economic Performance Between ISO 9001 Certified and Non-ISO 9001 Certified Food Manufacturing Companies

Only a small group of companies in Peru are certified to the ISO 9001 International Quality Standard, and it is uncertain whether this standard contributes to their financial performance. As a result, the objective of this study was to compare the financial performance of food manufacturing companies certified to ISO 9001 with those that are not. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for median comparison was applied, since the data analyzed did not follow a normal distribution. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference between the financial results of the two groups; however, referring specifically to the asset turnover indicator, companies that have adopted the guidelines of the International Quality Standard, on average, convert their assets into cash more frequently.

REFLECTION ON MINING EXTRACTION-Depredation and Appropriation of Natural Resources by Multinational Companies

Mining activity, particularly mega-mining, is an economic activity that has boomed in recent decades. This activity is carried out by multinational companies, who have appropriated natural resources, particularly metals and minerals, which, after carrying out the extraction, ghost towns are left, impoverished regions where agricultural activity is no longer possible. Therefore, the central reflection of this research is: What does mining contribute? The main contribution of mining is the depredation of the planet and the impoverishment of the towns from which the resource is extracted. This is descriptive exploratory research, whose objective is to motivate a reflection on the depredation, appropriation, and dispossession of resources by a small group of companies. KEYWORDS: natural resources, depredation of the ecosystem, dispossession of resources, mega-mining, economic growth.

Assessing sustainability reporting of Indian infrastructure firms

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of Business sustainability. The main purpose of the research is to look at the quality of sustainability reports of Indian infrastructure firms and use scoring method from literary sources for solving the problem and the issue of Business sustainability. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that it adds to the literature of sustainability of firms. Investigation of the topic in this paper is carried out by using the Global Reporting Index (GRI) framework viz., economic, environment and social factors Methodological tools of the research methods were scoring methods which has been used for decade by the researchers in this field of study. The object of research is the analysis of sustainability reports of Indian Infrastructure firm because this sector faces namely external business environment negativities in Indian context. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis by comparing large, medium and small firms, which showed that difference inside the large, medium, small group of companies. We find support to the earlier researches that have shown, large companies report better sustainability scores more than smaller ones on sustainability reporting. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves the resources based view of strategic management. The results of the research can be useful for policy makers who can promulgate better incentive and provide technical expertise to medium and small firms to enhance their sustainability reporting.

IMPACT OF WEB 3.0 IN DIGITAL CURRENCY

This exploration paper is about the conception of a World Wide Web grounded for the conception grounded around machine-readability, also called Web3.0. Web3.0 will review how we interact with the digital world and the change won't just be for individualities. The effect of Web3.0 blockchain on businesses – both traditional and disruptive will be inversely massive. The transition from Web2.0 to Web3.0 still, won't be overnight. This means businesses will have time to look back at their process and see where they fit on the decentralization and translucency radar. But indeed though Web3.0 is in the future, the reality of the moment is that businesses need to start preparing. Let our Blockchain experts help you. Some technologists and intelligencers have varied it with Web2.0, wherein they say data and content are consolidated in a small group of companies occasionally appertained to as"Big Tech". The term"Web3" was chased in 2014 by Ethereumco- founder Gavin Wood, and the idea gained interest in 2021 from cryptocurrency suckers, large technology companies, and adventure capital enterprises. Some experts argue that web3 will give increased data security, scalability, and sequestration for druggies and combat the influence of large technology companies. Others have raised enterprises about a decentralized web, citing the eventuality of low temperance and the proliferation of dangerous content, the centralization of wealth to a small group of investors and individualities, or a loss of sequestration due to further extensive data collection. Crucial Words World Wide Web; Web3.0; Big Tech; cryptocurrency; decentralized web

What you see is what you get? Measuring companies' projected employer image attributes via companies' employment webpages

AbstractInformation on a company's employment webpage sends signals about the employer image the company intends to project to applicants. Nonetheless, we know little about the content of recruitment signals sent via company employment webpages. This study develops a method to measure companies’ projected employer image attributes based on their employment webpages. Specifically, we analyze companies’ projected employer image attributes by applying computer‐aided text analysis (CATA) to the employment webpages of 461 Fortune 500 companies (i.e., more than 11,100 individual pages). Our results show that projected employer image attributes remain relatively stable over time. Moreover, we find relatively low levels of employer image differentiation between companies and between industries. Only a small group of companies (<20%) use distinct employer attribute signals to communicate their projected employer image. Finally, there is limited convergence between projected employer image attributes based on employment webpages and ratings on similar attributes on employer review websites. Generally, our results show that CATA is a viable method for assessing companies’ projected employer image in the context of employer image management and engineering.

The Influence of Liberalization on Innovation, Performance, and Competition Level of Insurance Industry in Indonesia

This study aims to reveal the impact of liberalization on innovation, performance, and the level of competition for insurance industry players in Indonesia based on insurance data from 2006 to 2018. The research method used is quantitative with the support of panel data. The analysis technique to explain the findings uses an aggregate model and Threshold Regression analysis. Descriptive and econometric research types were chosen to make it easier to explain the findings. From the results of data analysis using three experimental models, it shows three findings. First, in the aggregate, there is a significant negative relationship between liberalization and innovation. In the Threshold Regression model, a negative impact occurs on companies with low premium income, whereas in high premium income companies, the result is positive. This is due to the availability of resources to large companies to optimize the adaptation of liberalization in terms of innovation. Second, higher liberalization can encourage insurance companies to perform more efficiently and increase net premium income. Third, the negative impact of liberalization on competition shows that the higher the deregulation, the lower the game. These findings indicate that in the aggregate, global insurance financial liberalization has had a significant impact on the development of the insurance industry sector in Indonesia. However, liberalization can be different for groups of small companies and groups of large companies. The expected implication is that the government needs to adopt a long-term policy strategy that can encourage the sustainability of insurance companies: both high-income companies and low-premium-income companies. Besides this, it is hoped that insurance companies pay more attention to innovation, significantly improving the quality of human resources as a competitive advantage in facing global competition.

Twenty years of forest management certification in the tropics: Major trends through time and among continents

For over 20 years, forest management certification—particularly that of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)—has been promoted as a way to manage tropical natural forests responsibly. To shed light on the current and historical trends of this market-driven, forest governance intervention, we obtained information from the public summaries of evaluation reports belonging to 543 forest management units (FMUs) located in the tropics and covering 20 years of certification, from 1995 until 2016. Additionally, we analyzed 4621 corrective action requests (CARs) issued by third-party auditors during the initial certification attempts of companies and groups managing tropical natural forests to increase our understanding of the nature of problematic management issues and their evolution across different regions. By the end of 2016, most of the certified forest area was located in Africa, followed by the Americas and Asia. The tropics experienced a period of stagnation regarding certified area growth during the last decade, partly as a consequence of a pantropical wave of certificate terminations that started in 2008, having a severe impact in the Americas and a moderate one in Asia and Africa. Our results suggest that FMUs that remain certified for relatively more extended periods are more resilient against external economic pressures. One implication is that managers and policymakers should develop mechanisms to encourage long-term certification, particularly among small-holders as the amount of certified area managed by groups (i.e., communities and groups of small companies) has decreased throughout the last decade. We highlight the importance of looking into the temporal and regional dynamics to get a broader perspective of FSC certification at the tropical level.

Corporate Social Responsibility in passenger transport companies

Purpose : Analyse the financial and non-financial information (Corporate Social Responsibility) of passenger transport companies in the Barcelona metropolitan area due to the economic, environmental and social impact of this sector. Design/methodology/approach y : The study uses the analysis of financial statements and an exploratory methodology of the non-financial indicators of passenger transport companies in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Busmet), as well as a validated CSR questionnaire. Financial and non-financial indicators of these companies are used to assess the integrated information, especially Corporate Social Responsibility. Findings : The results show that transport companies have significant challenges in Corporate Social Responsibility since companies in the transport sector contribute significantly to the CO2 emissions that negatively affect the environment. Limitations : The study is focused on a small group of companies and we would like to extend it to goods and passenger transport companies with a wider and more representative sample of the population, due to the economic and social significance of the sector. Originality/value : There are few studies that refer to Corporate Social Responsibility in passenger transport companies, and it is a means of transport that has a significant economic and environmental impact on any city or metropolitan area, subject to diverse changes owing to innovation and current technological advances. The study helps to highlight the importance of the CSR of transport companies.

Amplifying Citizens’ Voices in the Face of Media Globalization

Economic crises have mainly affected the more vulnerable social sectors and created losses of freedom and inequality. Currently, most media are controlled by a relatively small group of companies around the world. In the face of this situation, networked society has accelerated the development of alternative communication models, which act as loudspeakers for citizens’ voices. The aim of this study is to describe the main features of the new forms of citizen expression, communication and cooperation, such as social networks, review sites, citizen journalism and the collaborative economy. It is concluded that in the face of these new challenges it is essential to continue to develop ethical principles of self-regulation to ensure the accuracy and thoroughness of new forms of communication on the Net.

“Please pay $800 to read this article”: An open letter to paywall companies

Significant amounts of economic resources are spent by poor countries for access to scientific information that is blocked by pay-walls, and when fees are corrected for local economies, they can be the equivalent of hundreds of dollars per article. Pay-walls, is controlled by a small group of companies in rich countries, block knowledge from the societies that need it most. These companies should adjust their fees according to local economies: this would be fairer and would benefit everyone, including the same companies.

Knowledge management taxonomy in the Brazilian automotive industry

Knowledge management (KM) is based on contextual factors of the organization, such as human resources, organizational culture, and organizational structure, developed separately by the organizations. This research aims to identify clusters for the development of these contextual factors. The research was based on an instrument containing questions that evaluate the degree of development of the contextual factors of the organization. We collected data from 78 companies of the Brazilian automotive industry, and analyzed them from multivariate techniques of factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis. The research results present four distinct clusters for the development of the contextual factors that support KM. The mapped clusters indicate that a small group of companies are innovative and explorative of knowledge and lead the industry’s creative process, while the other two groups, called exploitative and retardative companies, follow the development proposed by the companies of the two first groups.

Research and Development Projects Upon Real Options View

We investigate the importance of R&D expenditures for SMC (small and medium companies) and for Blue Chips, focusing on the existence of relation between Research and Development (R&D) option value and some variables such as relative probability of innovation, level of capital expenditures, expected innovation rents, expenditures with respect to the implementation of new technologies, proportions of money, proportions of indebtedness, operating cash flows, patents of affiliated companies, numbers of workers, market concentration and the efficiency of work. Empirical analysis also includes R&D projects valuation worksheet based upon the competition duopoly model that we applied to Brazilian Embraer and Canadian Bombardier. Embraer and Bombardier are 3rd and 4th largest suppliers of commercial aircrafts. These are main rival competitors in the segment of small commuter planes. Our main objective was to study changes of R&D projects performance when alterations of environmental factors are simulated. Basically, we observed significant difference between SMCs and Blue Chips. SMC tend to start new R&D projects on their own while Blue Chips buy other companies that already have access to new technologies. Moreover, in the group of small companies, R&D costs are significantly positive, while Blue Chips show opposite results as R&D costs are negative and statistically significant in this group. In addition, R&D projects and patents possessed by investigated companies affect positively R&D projects valuation. Future growth, which forms part of the value of a company, depends on the number of patents pertaining to companies and newly started R&D projects which subsequently will become patents possessed by those companies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.25.3.2737

The Supply of Policy and Management Consultancies to Canadian Federal Departments: New Evidence on Contract Size, Type and Structure

The use of external consultants in government has been an increasingly important focus of attention in many countries, including Canada. Numerous studies were undertaken in the 1990s and 2000s as legislatures and their accounting arms became concerned with this practice but they yielded little information on key questions such as the average size of contracts and their dispersion. Utilizing a new federal government dataset compiled from data released since the creation of the Federal Accountability Act in Canada, beside the increasing demand for consulting services, we find a trend emerging in supply whereby a small group of companies have began to dominate federal government management consulting in terms of the size of contract awarded. However the vast majority of contracts remain small and medium-sized and often involve repeat services, resulting in a complex system of consulting activity and impacts across different units.

Communicating the ethos of codes of ethics within the organization

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the ways that the largest private sector organizations in Sweden and Turkey communicate the intent of their codes of ethics to their employees.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were obtained via a self‐administered mail questionnaire distributed to a census of the top 500 private sector organizations based on revenue in each country.FindingsThe research identified some interesting findings that showed that the small group of companies in Turkey that have a code may appear to be more “advanced” in ethics artifacts usage than Sweden. Such a conclusion is counter‐intuitive as one would have expected a developed nation like Sweden to be more advanced in these measures than a developing nation such as Turkey. Culture may play a large role in the implementation of ethics artifacts in corporations and could be a major reason for this difference.Research limitations/implicationsAs this is such a new area of investigation in Turkey, the responses amount to only 32 companies that have a code. The small sample is indicative of the formative evolution toward having codes of ethics within companies operating within Turkey.Practical implicationsThis study enables those organizations that comprise corporate Turkey to view the current state of codes of ethics in Turkish companies and to compare these with the responses of a developed country of the European Union.Originality and valueA review of the literature indicates that this is the first time that such an international study specifically focused upon codes of ethics and the artifacts to inculcate the ethos of the code into every day corporate affairs has included Turkey as one of the participating countries.

Denmark: Nominations for the Most Visible Companies for the Danish RQ

Denmark has a fairly small group of companies with an extremely high visibility among the Danish public, as has been seen in all kinds of reputation and media rankings during the last 15 years (Schultz, Mouritsen & Gabrielsen, 2001). These companies are in effect the national ‘usual suspects’ in terms of reputation. In an in-depth study of Danish company reputation rankings based on the Fourtune-method, this article demonstrates the ‘stickyness’ of the reputation of these companies, among the Danish general public. The study shows that company size is the only significant dimension that correlates with their ranking (compared to financial performance and age).

Small Firms Management: Use of Accounting Information for Managerial Purposes

This paper deals with some aspects of use of accounting systems in the context of small firms. Some relevant topics from the theoretical background are discussed synthetically. After, we present some results of a research over a group of small companies from South of Brazil. We concluded that these companies use accounting information for managerial purposes, but with some limitations. One of these limitations is the low level of their manager team.

Information and the transnational SME controller

One of the issues that face the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) when expanding is the ‘control’ issue and this paper investigates and presents preliminary evidence of ‘controlling’ or ‘management accounting’ practice in a transnational SME. Wibsey, the site of the case, is now a small group of companies that have expanded from a U.K. base into 10 European countries. This expansion has posed complex problems, which have increased the information requirements of the SME. The contextual issues of complexity and resulting challenges for the transnational organization in its management accounting, information and control systems are considered. Wibsey uses traditional management accounting as the basis of supporting decision-making in the group and a lower level of information need is reported, in contrast to Dent (1996) (Dent, J. F., 1996. Global competition: challenges for management accounting and control,Management Accounting Research , 7(2), 247–269), because the group chooses to maintain a traditional ‘accounting-led’ evaluation system in controlling and evaluating its transnational operations.

SELF-REFERENTIAL LOBBYING OF THE ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD: THE CASE OF FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD NO. 1

This paper employs a Latourian framework to analyse the informal and formal lobbying of the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) over its flagship standard on cash flow statements. The purpose of the analysis is to reveal how the self-referential rhetoric of key lobbyists, such as companies and auditors, was used to “enrol” the ASB into amending its standard in line with the transformative practices of some large companies. The issue of whether net debt should be included on cash flow statements is analysed in detail, as it reveals how a small group of companies were able to enrol the ASB into accepting their translated definition of “cash”. The paper concludes that, given that the ASB essentially relies on voluntary compliance, it responded to the rhetoric of key allies in the standard-setting process in order to maintain its position as an obligatory passage point and so retain support for its project to reform accounting.

Early adopters of the Web as a retail medium: small company winners and losers

From July 1995 until July 1996 we followed a group of small companies that were retailing on the Web. We surveyed our sample three times over this period, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data and visible data from their Web sites. Our intention was to initiate research into successful Web‐based retail ‐ put simply, what makes a small company successful on the Web? Using ideas from grounded theory and our findings, we suggest important factors and constructs that can be used for further work in this area.