Group Of Riders Research Articles

Questioning penalties and road safety Policies: Are they enough to deter risky motorcyclist Behavior?

Reducing risky behaviors and traffic violations is crucial for preventing road trauma among private and commercial motorcyclists. While legal interventions such as road rules and police enforcement have been somewhat effective, there is a gap in understanding how motorcyclists perceive these deterrents and the psycho-social factors influencing their effectiveness. This research aims to explore the interplay between motorcyclists’ psycho-social predispositions and their responses to legal interventions. It also compares two distinct groups of riders - private and commercial motorcyclists - within the urban environment of Da Nang, Vietnam, providing a nuanced consideration of the influence of work-related impacts on risky behavior, which can enable targeted interventions. We propose a theoretical model integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Deterrence Theory to analyze how psycho-social and punitive factors influence riders’ traffic violations. A total of 423 delivery riders and 411 private riders in Da Nang participated in the study. The results show that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceptions of deterrence significantly impact riders’ intentions to engage in risky behaviors, with delivery riders being particularly responsive to law enforcement and penalties. To enhance policy effectiveness, interventions should employ tailored enforcement strategies that account for the unique motivations and perceptions of each rider group. For example, increasing the visibility and consistency of law enforcement could be particularly impactful for delivery riders, who are more sensitive to immediate deterrents. Policy adjustments should also focus on reshaping riders’ attitudes toward safety and adjusting their perceived control over riding situations. By tailoring interventions to effectively influence each group’s behavior, we can ultimately reduce traffic incidents.

Rethinking Transit Safety: Understanding and Addressing Gender-Based Harassment and Enhancing Safety on San Francisco’s Muni Transit System

The goal of this research is to support prioritizing safety on the Muni system from a gender equity lens. This work is specifically aimed to inform the Safety Equity Initiative of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). Using a mixed-method approach, we surveyed Muni transit riders ( n = 1,613) to explore their travel behaviors, experiences with gender-based harassment, and perceptions of safety while riding Muni. We find that the pervasiveness of gender-based harassment on the Muni public transit system is significant, with 67% of our sample reporting that they have experienced harassment in the last six months. Perceptions of safety are also quite low, with 68% always or often feeling safe while riding Muni during the daytime and only 32% feeling safe at nighttime. We found that certain populations are disproportionately victimized while riding transit with statistically significant differences across both perception of safety and experiences of harassment between women versus men, gender minorities versus cis gender people, transit dependent riders versus those who have access to a private vehicle, and white versus non-white riders. Based on these findings we provide transformative recommendations to address the high rates of harassment among certain groups of Muni riders. The recommendations are organized into three categories: service changes, infrastructure improvements, and campaigns and advocacy. This work adds to the existing knowledge about gender-based harassment in the transit environment while also specifically informing the Safety Equity Initiative of the SFMTA.

Balance performance among horseback-rider compared to non-horseback-rider women in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Horseback riding requires adapting to constant changes in balance conditions, maintaining equilibrium on the horse, and preventing falls. However, differences in balance performance among horseback riders and non-rider-healthy young women in Saudi Arabia have not been explored. This study investigates whether horseback-rider women would perform better on static and dynamic balance tests than non-rider women. Also, the study examined the effect of years of horseback riding on balance performance in the rider group. Twenty healthy young females participated in the study using a convenience sampling method. Ten were riders, and ten were non-riders. Static and dynamic balance tests, including the Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go (TUG), and unipedal stance test (UPST), was obtained from all subjects. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare balance performance between the horseback riders and non-riders groups. The horseback-rider group had statistically significantly higher scores on both the static and dynamic tests than non-riders: BBS test (Z = -2.537, P = .011), TUG (t = -3.889, P = .001), and unipedal stance test with the eyes open and closed (t = 14.048, t = 13.639, P = .000). Our rider sample did not show a statistically significant correlation between years of riding and balance scores. The horseback riders have greater static and dynamic balance abilities than non-riders. Further study is needed to compare the balance performance between experienced riders versus beginners among healthy adults in Saudi Arabia.

Identifying American climate change free riders and motivating sustainable behavior

Free riders, who benefit from collective efforts to mitigate climate change but do not actively contribute, play a key role in shaping behavioral climate action. Using a sample of 2096 registered American voters, we explore the discrepancy between two groups of free riders: cynics, who recognize the significance of environmental issues but do not adopt sustainable behaviors, and doubters, who neither recognize the significance nor engage in such actions. Through statistical analyses, we show these two groups are different. Doubters are predominantly male, younger, with lower income and education, exhibit stronger conspiracy beliefs, lower altruism, and limited environmental knowledge, are more likely to have voted for Trump and lean towards conservative ideology. Cynics are younger, religious, higher in socioeconomic status, environmentally informed, liberal-leaning, and less likely to support Trump. Our research provides insights on who could be most effectively persuaded to make climate-sensitive lifestyle changes and provides recommendations to prompt involvement in individual sustainability behaviors. Our findings suggest that for doubters, incentivizing sustainability through positive incentives, such as financial rewards, may be particularly effective. Conversely, for cynics, we argue that engaging them in more community-driven and social influence initiatives could effectively translate their passive beliefs into active participation.

The first mile towards access equity: Is on-demand microtransit a valuable addition to the transportation mix in suburban communities?

As cities grow, the benefits of living in them are increasingly unequally distributed. USA cities, in particular, have experienced rapid suburbanization of poverty and decreased levels of access to jobs for transit-dependent and vulnerable communities. The public transit challenges in suburbs call for innovative forms of transit to turn the tide on urban inequality. On-demand microtransit, a novel type of shared mobility provides efficient, convenient and affordable transportation. Its potential for redressing inequity had yet to be investigated fully in a suburban setting. We presented a case study from the suburbs of Minneapolis-St. Paul in Minnesota, USA. We combined unique datasets of microtransit ridership from two public transit agencies, transit surveys, land use data, and expert interviews, to conduct spatial analysis, accessibility analysis, and equity impact assessments for these suburbs. We found that microtransit enables public transit agencies to reach a larger number of vulnerable riders than fixed-route transit, particularly for commuting and trips to/from commercial areas. Microtransit also provided a cheaper alternative to ride-hailing and a faster alternative to public transit and walking, without cannibalizing ridership from fixed-rout transit alternatives. Finally, microtransit redressed transportation inequities by alleviating access inequality, reaching vulnerable rider groups effectively, and creating travel opportunities that are less spatially concentrated than those provided by traditional, fixed-route public transit. This study provided a framework for further investigations into the impact of microtransit, including in urban core or rural settings, and highlighted the impact of microtransit in reducing access inequity in a suburban environment.

Assessing the Self-Report Instruments of Younger Versus Older Riders Involved in Near-Miss Motorcycle Incidents

Road accidents pose severe and pervasive consequences, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where both the population and fatal accidents among youth and the elderly are steadily increasing. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model for risky behavior in near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in Thailand. It intends to compare models between younger and older riders utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) with a multi-group approach. The data were examined employing modified instruments derived from the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ). Samples depicting risky riding behavior were obtained from both younger and older rider groups. Parameter invariance testing revealed differences between the two groups. Control errors notably emerged as the predominant factor contributing to near-miss incidents for both age groups. Speeding was identified as the primary concern for the younger group, while adverse weather conditions were deemed crucial for the older group. Based on this study, policy recommendations endorse the creation of targeted training programs for novice riders, emphasizing adherence to legal speed limits and the adoption of safe riding practices. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of preparing riders, especially those in the older age group, for adverse weather conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-019 Full Text: PDF

Brief report: Impact of a horseback riding lesson on youth well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents were at a high risk of experiencing anxiety and stress which undoubtedly had a negative impact on their psychological well-being. While research has shown that canine interactions during this time were beneficial for young people’s well-being, the impact of horse-human activities has not been examined outside of at-risk youth and populations with psychological and/or physical conditions. This pilot study examined whether a recreational horseback riding lesson held during the height of the pandemic improved the well-being of non-at-risk, neurotypical youth. Using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (Ebesutani et al., 2012 [36]), the mood and stress of beginner/novice riders (n = 16) at a local stable were evaluated before and after the lesson. The Human-Animal Interaction Scale (Fournier et al., 2016 [38]) was also used to assess the quality of the horse-rider interaction to examine its potential impact on the efficacy of riding in improving psychological well-being. Results found a significant increase in positive affect and decrease in negative affect after the lesson compared to before. However, these effects appear to be driven by the group of riders that had a higher quality interaction with their horse. Overall, this study provides initial support for the efficacy of horseback riding for improving well-being in neurotypical, non-at-risk children, and demonstrates that the quality of the interaction between the horse and rider likely plays an important role.

Let Them Be the Judge of That: Bias Cascade in Elite Dressage Judging.

Sport performances judged subjectively often suffer from systematic errors due to biases, with the sport of equestrian dressage being no exception. This study examines whether international dressage judges display systematic errors while evaluating elite horse-rider combinations. Data from seven 5* Grand Prix dressage events between May 2022 and April 2023 were analyzed (510 judges' scores) using Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis. Five predictor variables-Home, Same Nationality, Compatriot, FEI Ranking and Starting Order-were studied in relation to Total Dressage Score (TS). The model accounted for 44.1% of TS variance; FEI Ranking, Starting Order, Compatriot, Same Nationality, and Home were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Judges exhibited nationalistic and patriotism-by-proxy biases, awarding significantly higher scores to riders from their countries (p < 0.001). FEI Ranking and Starting Order also influenced scores significantly (p < 0.001). These biases, combined, created a cascade effect benefiting a specific group of riders. To address this, measures should be taken to develop a more objective judging system that is based on unequivocal, transparent and evidence-based criteria and supports the continuous development of a fair, sustainable, equine welfare orientated sport that fosters societal acceptance.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the comfort of riding a crowded bus in Metro Vancouver, Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on transit ridership around the world, including in Metro Vancouver, Canada. The regional transit agency there, TransLink, faced the challenge of not only tackling the sudden revenue loss but also ensuring the safety and comfort of its riders that could be affected by crowding. As the tide of restrictions subsided, and riders are gradually coming back to public transport, their feelings of safety and comfort must be ensured so that they do not deflect to other modes. To guide TransLink and agencies alike in this process, this study aimed to understand the factors that affected the decision to board a bus and level of comfort of riding it for different behavioral classes of transit riders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It employed a classification of transit riders based on their attitudes towards personal safety and flexibility both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated the effect of crowding on their decision to board and the comfort of boarding a bus at various crowding levels. The findings of this study are expected to guide the development of relevant policy interventions that can engage diverse groups of riders to continue using transit in a way that is convenient, comfortable, and safe for them.

Isolated Muscle Activation Exercises on Lumbopelvic Muscle Strength and Lumbar Range of Motion among Bike Riders

ABSTRACT Background: Two-wheelers are the most important means of commuting as they provide fast transportation at a low cost in India. Acquired sitting posture for a prolonged period on the bike increases the fatigue level of the Lumbopelvic muscles. Objective: The study aims to find out whether there is a difference in Lumbopelvic muscle strength and lumbar range of motion (ROM) between bike riders and non-bike riders and to find out the acute effect of isolated muscle activation exercises on Lumbopelvic muscle strength and lumbar ROM among bike riders. Methodology and Procedure: It is a quasi-experimental study in which the lumbopelvic muscle strength and lumbar ROM were measured for both bike riders (15) and nonbike riders (15). Isolated lumbopelvic muscle activation exercises were given to bike riders. Postintervention measurement of lumbopelvic muscle strength and lumbar ROM was measured after 10 days. Outcome measures: were manual muscle testing, modified MRC grading for muscle strength and modified-modified Schober test for lumbar ROM. Results and Conclusion: Results show that the bike riders group has significantly reduced lumbopelvic muscle power and lumbar spine ROM than nonbike riders and isolated lumbopelvic muscle activation exercise has a significant effect on lumbopelvic muscle strength and lumbar ROM in bike riders.

Analisis Tarif Angkutan Paratransit Berdasarkan Ability To Pay dan Willingness To Pay Rute Banda Aceh - Medan

Paratransit Transportation is a system of using public transportation whose services are provided by the operator and can be used by everyone. Hiace public transportation is one of the public transportations used by the community as a mode of transportation that uses the Paratransit system. The determination of the Hiace transportation fare is something that has a direct effect on the usability of the community. The problem discussed in this study is to determine the ideal Hiace transportation fare based on Ability To Pay and Willingness To Pay. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of Hiace public transport users on the Banda Aceh – Medan route and evaluate Hiace fares based on Ability To Pay (ATP) and Willingness To Pay (WTP). This research consists of collecting data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to Hiace transportation users on the Banda Aceh – Medan route. The method of data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires using a google form link and the Stated Preference technique by directly providing alternative answers to each question. While secondary data was obtained from the relevant agencies as a basis for determining the population of Hiace transport users. The basic fare for Hiace transportation for the Banda Aceh – Medan route is currently IDR 240,000. The results obtained from this study are the ideal Hiace transportation fare in terms of passengers as users of Hiace transportation services based on Ability To Pay (ATP) which is Rp. 213,000.00 and Willingness To Pay (WTP) which is Rp. 238,000.00. The value of the ATP rate is below the WTP rate, this illustrates that Hiace users are a group of captive riders who have low income but want to pay above their ability to pay. User satisfaction on this transportation is good, with an average satisfaction score of 3.9 out of 5.

Development of Customer Loyalty Model on Online Transportation Service: A Case Study in Indonesia

The impact of technology on public transport has led to a new online transportation service. Its emergence makes the competition increasingly competitive. Therefore, customer loyalty becomes an important aspect of winning the competition. This research analyzed the effect of customer service, service delivery, onboard experience, public image, service value, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty to online transportation. 517 respondents were obtained and divided into two groups: captive rider and choice rider. Data processing is carried out using a multigroup SEM technique. The results showed that there was a significant moderation effect of the different characteristics of users. In the captive rider group, onboard experience and service value did not affect customer satisfaction, and service value did not affect customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction influenced customer loyalty, and the effect was more robust than the choice rider group. In the choice rider group, the public image did not affect customer satisfaction, but service value influenced customer loyalty. Factors proven to influence customer loyalty significantly can be developed by companies to improve their competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive market of online transportation services.

Group riding: Cyclists exposure to road vehicle emissions in urban environments

A series of wind tunnel experiments were conducted in the University of Surrey’s Environmental Flow wind tunnel with a 1:50 scale of a typical London street canyon to assess the exposure of cyclists riding in a group to the emissions of polluting vehicles. A propane source emitted from an Ahmed body was used to model a car exhaust and a fast flame ionisation detector was used to measure pollutant concentration around four cyclists for multiple configurations of the source, cyclists, and wind directions. Two cases were investigated with a vehicle driving in front of a line of cyclists and adjacent to them (as if it were overtaking them).In the first case, for small wind incidence, findings confirm that the cyclists exposure decreases exponentially with their distance from the source with a small dependence on wind direction but largely independently of the riders position within the group. For large wind incidences, typical of urban canyons, the rider position within the group becomes more important.For the second set of experiments, with the vehicle positioned adjacent to the riders, it was found to be preferable for a rider to be in front of the group regardless of the distance from the source, as this results in lower exposure to pollutants. This is likely linked with the complex aerodynamic field generated by the group of riders that can trap the vehicle exhaust fumes amongst the cyclists, hence increasing the exposure.This research suggests that group riding should be considered when designing mitigation strategies to minimise cyclists exposure to road traffic pollution within urban environments, where busy and narrow cycle lanes often results in cyclists riding in line.

Comparison of the Effect of Dressage Rider Skill Level on Physical Fitness Parameters and Posture on an Equestrian Simulator.

In dressage riding, rider posture plays an important role in the performance of the exercises. The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness and posture on an equestrian simulator between different competitive dressage rider skill levels. Participants (ten expert and twelve novice competitive dressage riders) performed a physiotherapeutic screening test and an equestrian simulator test. The expert rider group (G2) had less variability in both left (P=.002) and right (P=.021) rein force during medium canter on the simulator compared to the novice rider group (G1). The shoulder angle of the expert riders was larger in all gaits. These findings indicate that the ability to maintain a constant force on the reins and a dynamically stable hand position during riding on a simulator are important indicators for good rider performance. Expert riders presented a trend toward a more stable posture on the simulator as indicated by the reduced trunk variability (P=.034 vs. CV=0.011) and smaller trunk ROM (P=.012 vs. CV=0.011) and knee ROM (P=.033 vs. CV=0.011) in the collected canter and collected walk respectively. These kinematic differences underscore their capability of maintaining a continued and constant force on the reins, but these findings require further research. No significant differences were found between groups in the physiotherapeutic screening. This underlines the difficulty in identifying the physical factors contributing to better rider performance. In conclusion, the current study shows that "stable rein contact" is the main difference between novice and expert competitive dressage riders on the simulator.

A latent class analysis to understand riders' adoption of on-demand mobility services as a complement to transit.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11116-022-10351-3.

Public transport service quality: Policy prioritization strategy in the importance-performance analysis and the three-factor theory frameworks

• A rigorous analytical framework was utilized to identify an appropriate service quality analysis method. • The three-factor theory was superior to the IPA due to the non-linear and asymmetric relations between service quality factors and rider satisfaction. • All the service factors were found to be performance factors for captive riders. • Eight of nine factors were performance for non-captive (vehicle-owned) riders, while environment friendliness was excitement. • This is the first study using the three-factor theory in Vietnam. Service quality is a determinant of increasing public transport rider satisfaction. However, understanding of service quality and satisfaction relations has been limited. This study seeks an appropriate method to demonstrate the nature of service quality-satisfaction relations. Thereby, research results can be methodologically, theoretically, and empirically defensible. The importance-performance analysis (IPA) and the three-factor theory, the most widely preferred for public transport service quality prioritization based on the importance of service factors to rider satisfaction, will be utilized. The study takes transit service in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, to demonstrate that the three-factor theory, which has been limitedly utilized despite being more advantageous and robust, is superior to the IPA. Although the extent to which the service quality factors affect satisfaction varied across rider segments, the types of service quality factors were found consistent. For example, captive riders considered all service factors as performance. Non-captive riders considered the environment factor as excitement. No basic factor was found across rider groups. This study contributes to the limited understanding of the non-linear and asymmetric relations between service quality and satisfaction of various rider groups, which is rarely found in transit service quality literature. Furthermore, it introduced a case study of Vietnamese urban transit services for the first time. It suggests that enhancing passenger information, rider care, and comfort are recommended as the most practical and economical measures in the short run. However, the city government should improve availability and accessibility to promote public transport ridership in the long run.

Influence of the Rail Program on Bus Transit in Los Angeles

In November 1980, voters in Los Angeles County, California, approved Proposition A, which stipulated a one-time, three-year rollback of bus fares to 50¢. Afterwards, at least 35 percent of the revenues had to be used for rail construction and operation (with a stated emphasis on construction). The program moved forward as called for, and by the early 1990s the Blue Line to Long Beach was in operation. The subway and an additional light rail line would both open by 1995.In the early 1990s, however, opponents of rail began a campaign to discredit the program using premature, distorted, and sometimes simply false information about rail s effectiveness. Embarrassed by construction problems and confused by internal issues, the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) found it difficult to defend the new rail system. In 1994, a suit was filed by the Bus Riders Union, a small group of bus riders. In 1996, even though most of the basic assertions of the suit were proven to have been either premature or false, the MTA agreed to a settlement it is now trying to live up to.In truth, the MTA fully supported the bus system well after falling ridership would have called for service cutbacks. The number of buses in service stayed high, the bus-miles of service dropped far less than ridership, and the number of empty bus seats actually rose. The bus system lacked for neither operating funds nor subsidies. Even the average fare paid by the transit user (in constant 1999 dollars) changed very little since the early 1980s. Whatever the reasons for the slide in bus ridership, the rail system cannot be blamed.The new rail system continues to grow in importance. Less than 10 years after the Blue Line was inaugurated, the two light rail lines, the still incomplete subway, and the Los Angeles portion of the regional Metrolink commuter rail system together carry 11 percent of all MTA transit riders and 22 percent of its passenger-miles. Rail is also proving to be faster than the bus option even including a bus-to-rail transfer. And rail‘s operating cost effectiveness, already better than that of the bus, keeps improving.

A comparison of characteristics between food delivery riders with and without traffic crash experience during delivery in Malaysia

The rapid development of e-commerce and the spread of the COVID-19 virus created many new jobs opportunity including food delivery riders known as P-Hailing riders. The number of food delivery riders has increased drastically, especially in Malaysia. Consequently, the number of food delivery riders involved in traffic crashes also increased. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of food delivery riders involved in traffic crashes during delivery and to compare with the characteristics of food delivery riders without any traffic crash history. This paper explores and compares general characteristics, previous experience of working and receiving traffic tickets, and knowledge of road safety. Due to unavailable official records about the number of active food delivery riders in Malaysia, this study focuses on riders who registered as members of the Malaysian P-Hailing Association, PENGHANTAR. A total of 225 food delivery riders participated in the online survey conducted through Google Form. Categorical data analysis techniques were used to examine the different characteristics of food delivery riders with and without traffic crash experiences. Results show that the odds ratio of young and full-time riders are respectively about 2.05 times and 1.79 times higher than being involved in traffic crashes. Other factors that increase the odds of being involved in traffic crashes include having more than two years of experience in delivery, an average distance travelled of>100 km a day, working previously in the food and grocery sector, and without working experience. The findings from this study will help related agencies to design and develop awareness programs targeting this group of riders.

Online Ridesharing with Meeting Points

Nowadays, ridesharing becomes a popular commuting mode. Dynamically arriving riders post their origins and destinations, then the platform assigns drivers to serve them. In ridesharing, different groups of riders can be served by one driver if their trips can share common routes. Recently, many ridesharing companies (e.g., Didi and Uber) further propose a new mode, namely "ridesharing with meeting points". Specifically, with a short walking distance but less payment, riders can be picked up and dropped off around their origins and destinations, respectively. In addition, meeting points enables more flexible routing for drivers, which can potentially improve the global profit of the system. In this paper, we first formally define the Meeting-Point-based Online Ridesharing Problem (MORP). We prove that MORP is NP-hard and there is no polynomial-time deterministic algorithm with a constant competitive ratio for it. We notice that a structure of vertex set, k -skip cover, fits well to the MORP. k -skip cover tends to find the vertices (meeting points) that are convenient for riders and drivers to come and go. With meeting points, MORP tends to serve more riders with these convenient vertices. Based on the idea, we introduce a convenience-based meeting point candidates selection algorithm. We further propose a hierarchical meeting-point oriented graph (HMPO graph), which ranks vertices for assignment effectiveness and constructs k -skip cover to accelerate the whole assignment process. Finally, we utilize the merits of k -skip cover points for ridesharing and propose a novel algorithm, namely SMDB, to solve MORP. Extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.

Application of the Two-Dimensional Entropy Measures in the Infrared Thermography-Based Detection of Rider: Horse Bodyweight Ratio in Horseback Riding.

As obesity is a serious problem in the human population, overloading of the horse’s thoracolumbar region often affects sport and school horses. The advances in using infrared thermography (IRT) to assess the horse’s back overload will shortly integrate the IRT-based rider-horse fit into everyday equine practice. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of entropy measures to select the most informative measures and color components, and the accuracy of rider:horse bodyweight ratio detection. Twelve horses were ridden by each of the six riders assigned to the light, moderate, and heavy groups. Thermal images were taken pre- and post-exercise. For each thermal image, two-dimensional sample (SampEn), fuzzy (FuzzEn), permutation (PermEn), dispersion (DispEn), and distribution (DistEn) entropies were measured in the withers and the thoracic spine areas. Among 40 returned measures, 30 entropy measures were exercise-dependent, whereas 8 entropy measures were bodyweight ratio-dependent. Moreover, three entropy measures demonstrated similarities to entropy-related gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features, confirming the higher irregularity and complexity of thermal image texture when horses worked under heavy riders. An application of DispEn to red color components enables identification of the light and heavy rider groups with higher accuracy than the previously used entropy-related GLCM texture features.