Photodynamic Therapy Group Research Articles

Clinical Benefits of Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium in Patients With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Retrospective Study of 100 Cases.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with talaporfin sodium is an intraoperative local therapy administered after the surgical removal of malignant gliomas. However, its clinical efficacy in a large patient population has not been determined. To analyze the clinical outcomes and prognosis in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma patients treated with PDT. This retrospective study included patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma treated at Kobe University Hospital between January 2013 and December 2022. PDT involves irradiation of the resection cavity with a 664-nm semiconductor laser after an intravenous infusion of talaporfin sodium. The main outcome measures were the recurrence patterns and survival times, which were compared between the PDT and non-PDT groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prognostic factors. In addition, adverse events and prognostic factors in the PDT group were analyzed. A total of 44 and 56 patients were included in the PDT and non-PDT groups, respectively. The local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the PDT group than in the non-PDT group (51.3% vs 83.9%), whereas the distant recurrence and dissemination rates were significantly higher in the PDT group than in the non-PDT group (48.7% vs 16.1%). Two grade 3 adverse events were observed in the PDT group. The median progression-free survival and overall survival times were significantly longer in the PDT group than in the non-PDT group (progression-free survival: 10.8 vs 9.3 months, respectively, and overall survival: 24.6 vs 17.6 months, respectively). Multivariate analysis of the PDT groups revealed that younger age was an independent prognostic factor. PDT with talaporfin sodium provided effective local control with minimal adverse effects. The survival time of the patients treated with PDT was significantly longer than that of the patients who did not receive PDT. Therefore, a randomized controlled clinical trial on PDT is warranted.

Visual and anatomical evaluation of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser versus photodynamic therapy in managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed only at baseline. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularization index (CVI) that were collected at baseline and at each follow-up visit for up to 6 months. Forty-two eyes of 42 patients (PDT group-20 eyes, nSML group-22 eyes) affected by chronic CSCR were enrolled. At 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the nSML group compared to the PDT group in BCVA (0.10 [0.00; 0.20]) and 0.10 [0.10; 0.10], respectively, p=0.69, and between some OCT parameters, namely CMT and CVI. SFCT was significantly reduced in the PDT group more than in the nSML group (p=0.01). Twelve eyes (60%) in the PDT group had complete resolution of the SRF at 6 months compared to 8 eyes (36.4%) in the nSML group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.14). Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed that, at 6 months, no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT. WHAT IS KNOWN : Treating chronic CSCR is a therapeutic conundrum for clinicians because of a lack of definitive consensus over remediation options, two of which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) therapy. Results from patients treated with PDT and nSML showed no significant differences except for choroidal thickness. Even though patients treated with PDT recovered more quickly, retreatment was necessary due to fluid recollection. Although patients treated with nSML also needed retreatment, nSML is less invasive than PDT and can be used as an effective alternative to PDT.

Choroidal and Choriocapillaris Changes after Photodynamic Therapy and Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to analyze choroidal and choriocapillaris structural and functional changes in eyes affected by Central serous chorioretinopathy after Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Subthreshold Micropulse laser (SML) treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty-two eyes of forty-two patients were analyzed in this observational study. Twenty-four patients underwent SML treatment, whereas eighteen patients were treated with PDT. Examinations were performed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Main outcome measures were: Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) presence and maximum height (PEDMH), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) measured by means of Spectralis HRA + OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and choriocapillaris flow voids (CCFV) measured on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) platform PLEX Elite 9000 device (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). Results: Changes in BCVA were registered in both groups over time (p < 0.001). Structural changes in terms of reduced CMT and PED presence were noted in the two groups at follow-up (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Structural and functional choroidal changes were found in the two groups with reduced CCT and CVI over time (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively), with significant differences between the two groups for CVI parameter (p = 0.001). CCFV increased over time in the PDT group and decreased in the SML group. Conclusions: PDT and SML are effective approaches in CSC eyes and are able to improve structural and functional parameters over time. Choroidal and choriocapillaris parameters are promising biomarkers able to monitor disease course, showing greater impact of PDT on choroid-choriocapillaris complex over time.

Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy effectively and safely improves response of thick Actinic Keratoses lesions by 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy: a randomized, prospective, single-blind trial

BackgroundActinic keratoses (AK) may progress into squamous cell carcinoma. Many combination therapies were used to improve the clearance rate. However, there are limited studies on the efficacy and safety of lesion-directed Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy combined with field-directed photodynamic therapy (PDT). ObjectiveThis study is aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy combined with PDT in Chinese patients with actinic keratosis. MethodsA total of 61 patients with AK were selected at the Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between August 2018 and August 2023. They were randomly divided into PDT plus Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group(LN-PDT)and control PDT group(C-PDT)with 30 patients and 31 patients, respectively. 27 patients in the LN-PDT group and 28 patients in the C-PDT group completed the clinical sessions. Efficacy, adverse effects, and cosmetic outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results3 months after the final treatment, the clearance rates for total AK lesions were 97.4%(449/461) in the LN-PDT group and 93.4%(456/488)in the C-PDT group (P < 0.05). For grade I AK lesions, the clearance rates were 99.2% (234/237) for the LN-PDT group and 98.3% (237/241) for the C-PDT group (P >0.05). For grade II lesions, the clearance rates were 97.5% (156/160) for the LN-PDT group and 91.9% (172/186) for the CPDT group (P < 0.05). For grade III lesions, the clearance rates of the LN-PDT and C-PDT groups were 87.5% (58/64) and 78.7% (47/61), respectively (P < 0.05). The two groups had no significant differences in pain, erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation and scarring. Cosmetic outcomes mainly were excellent or good in both groups with no significant difference. ConclusionLiquid nitrogen cryotherapy combined with PDT showed higher efficacy on grade II and grade III AK lesions than PDT alone. The two groups have similar adverse effects and cosmetic outcomes.

Optimizing near infrared laser irradiation and photosensitizer accumulation period for indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy in breast cancer xenografts: a focus on treatment and characterization.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment approach. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water-soluble tricarbocyanine dye with a peak absorption wavelength of around 800nm and possesses the capacity to produce reactive oxygen species. FTIR spectroscopy is rarely used and offers insights into molecular changes in cancer studies. MCF-7 cells were injected into Nude mouse. Once the tumor had grown to a size of 3-4mm, mice were randomized into the 12 PDT groups. After each mouse received 5mg/kg of ICG, they were photo-irradiated with a diode laser emitting light at 809nm, followed by waiting intervals of 0, 30, 60, and 90min. Laser irradiation parameters were 150, 250, 500 mW/cm2 and irradiation duration was 1200s. The tumor size was measured every day for four days. The FTIR spectroscopy was used to perform spectral analysis on tumor tissue samples. Four distinct regions (3600-2800cm-1, 1750-1550cm-1, 1540-1450cm-1, and 1700-1100cm-1) were analyzed, and Hierarchical Cluster study was carried out. A decrease in tumor volume was observed with all PDT applications, except, increases in tumor volume was observed at 150mW 90-minute group. PDT administered after 90min revealed variations in 150mW and 250mW laser powers in the 3600cm-1-2800cm-1 range. The 250mW and 500mW applications resulted in a considerable reduction in fibroadenoma and carcinoma tissues, according to an analysis comparing the A1695 / A1635 ratio. It is proposed that the ideal treatments for further investigation have a power output of 250 mW.

The application of photodynamic therapy in recurrent genital herpes

BackgroundFrequently recurrence of genital herpes imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients, while existing treatments are often ineffective in preventing recurrence. Previous studies have indicated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) showed promising outcomes in the treatment of labial herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections; however, its efficacy for genital herpes remained unclear. MethodThe study screened patients with genital herpes at Daping Hospital from July 2020 to May 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received PDT treatment. Over a one-year follow-up period, patients' healing time and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups. The cumulative incidence of recurrence and restricted mean survival time (RMST) were used to assess outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to minimize bias. ResultA total of 41 patients enrolled in our study, with 8 (19.5%) received PDT. The non-PDT group exhibited a slower skin lesion healing time, averaging at 7.2 days compared to 5.4 days in the PDT group. A significant difference was observed in the cumulative incidence of recurrence between the PDT and non-PDT groups (37.5% versus 71.4%) after PSM. The RMST in the PDT group was 9.94 days, compared to 5.13 days in the non-PDT group before PSM, and 4.14 after PSM. ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the PDT effectively reduced lesion recovery time and delayed recurrences of genital herpes. We recommend considering PDT as a potential treatment option for patients with recurrent genital herpes.

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy combined with cross-punch technique for the treatment of keloid

ObjectiveKeloids are characterized by abnormal activation of fibroblasts and excessive collagen deposition. Keloids are notoriously difficult to treat effectively due to their high recurrence rate after therapy. Our study explored the use of the punch technique in conjunction with photodynamic therapy, a novel approach that may swiftly reduce keloid volume, promote collagen remodeling, mitigate inflammation and enhance the wound healing process. MethodsIn our study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 47 keloid patients who were treated with cross-punch technique combined with photodynamic therapy (punch+PDT group), compared them with a control group of 42 patients who received cross-punch therapy alone (punch group). The visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring system, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire and the subjective scoring of patients were implemented to assess the improvement rate at baseline (month 0) and 12-month follow-up (month 12). ResultsThe results demonstrated significant enhancements in both VAS scores and DLQI scores on month 12 when compared with those on month 0. Notably, the subjective scoring indicated a marked difference, with 93.62 % of patients in the punch+PDT group and 59.52 % in the punch group reporting good or excellent improvement. ConclusionPatients in the punch+PDT group had a significant improvement rate than those in the punch group.

Therapies for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

To assess the safety and efficacy of the multiple therapeutic modalities for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). A literature search of English-language studies in the PubMed database with no date restrictions was last conducted in May 2024. The combined searches yielded 612 citations, 31 of which were selected for full-text review and for inclusion in this assessment. The panel methodologist assigned a level of evidence rating to each study. Six were assigned a level I rating, 23 were assigned a level II rating, and 2 were assigned a level III rating. Studies were categorized based on treatment modalities: laser-based therapy, intravitreal therapy, laser-based therapy versus intravitreal therapy, and systemic therapies. Within those categories, they were separated based on treatments for acute versus chronic CSCR. One level I study showed that photodynamic therapy (PDT) using half-dose verteporfin for acute CSCR led to a significant decrease in subretinal fluid (SRF) with 95% of treated patients having no SRF at 12 months compared with 58% of untreated eyes with acute CSCR (P= 0.001). Anatomically, the mean CFT at 1 year was significantly lower in the treated group (161 ± 65 μm) versus the observation group (278 ± 92 μm) (P= 0.001). A second level I study compared half-dose verteporfin PDT versus 30%-dose verteporfin PDT and found that 94.6% in the half-dose PDT group had no SRF at 12 months compared with 75.4% in the 30%-dose PDT group (P= 0.004). The noninferiority of the 30%-dose PDT compared with half-dose PDT was not demonstrated. The VICI trial was a level I study that found no benefit with the use of mineralocorticoid antagonism with eplerenone for the treatment of chronic CSCR. With respect to the primary outcome of visual acuity (VA), the VICI trial found no significant difference at 12 months: 79.5 letters in the placebo group and 80.4 letters in the eplerenone group (P= 0.24). In general, the results from the other evaluated studies were inconsistent and thus inconclusive. There were no level I studies that supported the role of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections or systemic beta-blockers for patients with CSCR. A small level I study showed potential efficacy of Helicobacter pylori therapy for CSCR. There is evidence to support half-dose PDT for the treatment of acute CSCR regarding anatomic improvement, but less robust evidence supports improvement in VA or sustained anatomic benefit beyond 12 months. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and oral beta-blockers demonstrate inconsistent anatomic and visual benefits in patients with CSCR. The mineralocorticoid antagonist eplerenone has not been demonstrated as efficacious for treatment of chronic CSCR. The treatment of H.pylori infection may have some anatomic and visual benefit in the treatment of either acute or chronic CSCR. Acute CSCR resolves spontaneously without treatment in most eyes. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Reduction of Multispecies Biofilms on an Acrylic Denture Base Model by Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Natural Photosensitizers.

The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using natural photosensitizers (curcumin, riboflavin, and phycocyanin) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation against multispecies biofilms in an acrylic denture base model. Forty-five acrylic specimens were fabricated using heat-curing acrylic resin. The specimens were then infected with a mixed culture of bacterial and fungal species (including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata) for 4 days. The acrylic discs were divided into nine groups, with each group containing five discs: control, 0.2% chlorhexidine, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, curcumin, riboflavin, phycocyanin alone or along with LED. After treatment, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter was counted. In addition, the extent of biofilm degradation was assessed using the crystal violet staining method and scanning electron microscopy. All experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction in colony numbers for both bacterial and fungal species compared to the control (p < 0.001). The PDT groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in colony counts for both bacteria and fungi compared to the photosensitizer-only groups. The results of this in vitro study show that PDT with natural photosensitizers and LED devices can effectively reduce the viability and eradicate the biofilm of microorganisms responsible for causing denture infections.

Efficacy of laser adjuvant therapy in the management of post-operative endodontic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative endodontic pain (PEP) is crucial in clinical practice. Recently, the effects of various laser adjuvant therapies in endodontic treatments have been widely evaluated. However, as a virtually side-effect-free treatment, its effect on postoperative pain management during endodontic treatment remains controversial. This review aimed to compare the efficacy of laser adjuvant therapy for pain management after endodontic treatment. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for articles published until 12 February 2023. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Data on continuous outcomes of visual analogue scale pain scores are expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) and dichotomous outcomes of pain prevalence as relative risk (RR). We included 22 studies, of which 15 enrolled 892 patients with visual analogue scale pain scores and 7 enrolled 422 patients with pain prevalence. Of the 22 studies, seven studies had a low risk of bias, 10 had a moderate risk of bias and 5 had a high risk of bias. For pain level, the pooled outcomes indicated reduced pain scores in all laser adjuvant therapy, including low-level laser therapy (SMD = -0.86 [95% CI: -1.16, -0.55] in 24 h and SMD = -0.64 [95% CI: -0.84, -0.43] in 48 h), diode laser therapy (SMD = -0.27 [95% CI: -0.50, -0.04] in 48 h) and photodynamic therapy (SMD = -1.12 [95% CI: -2.18, -0.05] in 24 h). For postoperative pain incidence, a significant correlation was observed with reduced pain incidence rates in the photodynamic therapy group (pooled RR = 0.47 [95% CI: 0.31, 0.72]) but not in the low-level laser therapy group (RR = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.30, 2.70] at 12 h and RR = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.09, 3.72] at 24 h). High-quality evidence suggests that laser adjuvant therapies such as low-level laser therapy, diode laser therapy and photodynamic therapy have a positive impact on reducing postoperative endodontic pain intensity. However, the differences in PEP management effects between laser therapies are unknown, and no significant differences were observed among the subgroups. CRD 42023402872 (PROSPERO).

Potential of Erythrosine-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy as a Cavity Disinfectant: Antibacterial Efficacy and Bonding Ability

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt;) in dentin and its effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to dentin. Eighty extracted human noncarious premolars were used in this study. Forty teeth were used for the antibacterial activity test, while the remaining 40 were used for the SBS test. Both experiments were conducted with 4 experimental groups (n = 10): control (distilled water), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 6%), chlorhexidine (CHX, 0.12%), and erythrosine-mediated PDT. Antibacterial effects were evaluated by counting &lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt; colony-forming units (CFUs). The SBS of composite resins to dentin was measured using a universal testing machine. All treatments (NaOCl, CHX, and PDT) demonstrated statistically significant differences in antibacterial activity compared with the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The antibacterial effects were ranked from strongest to weakest as follows: NaOCl, PDT, and CHX. In the SBS test, the NaOCl group exhibited a statistically significant difference compared with the CHX, PDT, and control groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), with the lowest bond strength. No statistically significant differences were found among the CHX, PDT, and control groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Erythrosine-mediated PDT exhibited significant antibacterial effects against &lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt;, with higher antibacterial activity than CHX but lower than NaOCl. Only NaOCl negatively affected the bond strength of composite resin to dentin. In conclusion, erythrosine-mediated PDT shows potential as a cavity disinfectant due to its significant antibacterial effects against &lt;i&gt;S. mutans&lt;/i&gt; and lack of adverse effects on bond strength.

In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy With Curcumin in Combination With Photobiomodulation Therapy by 660 nm on the Viability of Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of repeated irradiations of 660 nm photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) after photodynamic therapy (PDT) with curcumin on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, HGFs were cultured and assigned to five groups: One control group with no intervention and four experimental groups of PDT with curcumin, PBMT (660 nm laser irradiation) immediately after PDT, PBMT immediately and 24 hours after PDT and PBMT immediately and 24 hours and 48 hours after PDT. Cell viability was assessed after 1, 4, and 7 days using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: On day 1, the control group had no significant difference with one-time (P=1.00), two-time (P=1.00), and three-time (P=0.88) laser irradiation groups. On day 4, the difference between the control and one-time (P<0.001), two-time (P<0.001) and three-time (P=0.02) laser irradiation groups was statistically significant, suggesting more cell viability in test groups. On day 7, the three-time laser irradiation group showed significant cell viability compared to the other two test groups but not with the control group (P=0.98). Conclusion: PBMT with 660 nm laser irradiation after PDT with curcumin would increase the viability of HGFs by increasing the frequency of irradiation.

A novel chlorin derivative Shengtaibufen (STBF) mediated photodynamic therapy combined with iodophor for the treatment of chronic superficial leg wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A retrospective clinical study

ObjectiveChronic wounds are costly and difficult to treat, resulting in morbidity and even mortality in some cases due to a high methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) burden contributing to chronicity. We aimed to observe the antimicrobial activity and healing-promoting effect of a novel photosensitizer Shengtaibufen (STBF)-mediated antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) on MRSA-infected chronic leg ulcers. Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective, comparative, single-center clinical study. A total of 32 patients with chronic lower limb wounds infected with MRSA from January 2022 to December 2023 were finally included in this study by searching the electronic medical records of the dermatology department of Huadong Hospital, including a group of red light combined with iodophor (control+iodophor, n=16, receiving red light once a week for 8 weeks and routine dressing change with iodophor once a day) and a group of STBF-mediated PDT (STBF-PDT) combined with iodophor (STBF-PDT+iodophor, n=16, receiving STBF-PDT and routine dressing change with iodophor once a day). STBF-PDT was performed once a week (1 mg/ml STBF, 1 h incubation, 630 nm red light, 80 J/cm2) for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints included wound clinical signs, wound size, wound-related pain, re-epithelialization score, MRSA load and wound-related quality of life (wound-QoL). Any adverse events were also recorded. ResultsWe found that STBF-PDT+iodophor could effectively alleviate clinical infection symptoms, accelerate wound closure, reduce average biological burden and improve wound-QoL without severe adverse events in comparison to the control+iodophor group. The STBF-PDT+iodophor group obtained a mean percentage reduction of 65.22% in wound size (from 18.96±11.18 cm2 to 6.59±7.94 cm2) and excellent re-epithelialization scores, as compared with a decrease of 30.17% (from 19.23±9.80 cm2 to 13.43±9.32 cm2) for the control+iodophor group. Significant differences in wound area were observed at week 6 (p=0.028*) and week 8 (p=0.002**). The bacterial load decreased by 99.86% (from 6.45 × 107±2.69 × 107 to 8.94 × 104±1.92 × 105 CFU/cm2, p<0.0001) in the STBF-PDT+iodophor group and 1.82% (from 6.61 × 107±2.13 × 107 to 6.49 × 107±2.01 × 107 CFU/cm2, p=0.029) in the control+iodophor group. The wound-QoL in STBF-PDT+iodophor group had a 51.62% decrease in overall score (from 29.65±9.33 at the initial to 14.34±5.17 at week 8, p<0.0001) compared to those receiving red light and routine wound care (from 30.73±17.16 to 29.32±15.89 at week 8, p=0.003). Moreover, patients undergoing STBF-PDT+iodophor exhibited great improvements in all domains of wound-QoL (physical, psychological and everyday-life), whereas the control+iodophor group ameliorated in only one field (everyday-life). ConclusionOur data confirmed that a novel photosensitizer, STBF-mediated PDT, when combined with iodophor, served as a potential modality for MRSA infection and a possible therapy for other drug-resistant microorganisms, and as a promising alternative for chronic cutaneous infectious diseases.

Treatment of aphthous ulcers with photodynamic therapy: A randomized controlled clinical study

BackgroundThis study aims to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a clinically effective alternative for treating oral aphthous ulcers, contributing to the ongoing quest for methods to expedite their treatment process amidst the limited understanding of their etiology. Materials and MethodThe study involved thirty volunteers with aphthous ulcers, split equally between a control group and a PDT group. Patients in the PDT group received laser treatment using Indocyanine green upon admission, while the control group received no intervention. Lesion diameter was measured at presentation and on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days for all patients, with wound healing assessed on the 7th day. Additionally, pain levels were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) preoperatively and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days for the PDT group, and on the corresponding days for the control group. ResultsLesion diameters in the PDT group showed a significant reduction over time (p = 0.001), particularly from preoperative to final measurements. The control group also exhibited a decrease, albeit slower (p = 0.001). The 7th-day healing scores favored the PDT group significantly (p = 0.012). VAS scores in the PDT group decreased significantly over time (p = 0.001), indicating pain reduction. A similar trend was observed in the control group, albeit slower. Between-group differences in healing data and pain data were statistically significant. ConclusionPDT proves effective in reducing aphthous ulcer diameters and pain intensity, facilitating faster healing than the control group. These results advocate for PDT as a viable treatment option for aphthous lesions.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride combined with photodynamic therapy on primary enamel microhardness

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) on primary enamel microhardness. Materials and MethodsThis in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 40 extracted primary molars with sound buccal/lingual surfaces. The baseline enamel microhardness of the teeth was initially measured by a Vickers hardness tester. Next, the teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10) for treatment with SDF, PDT, SDF plus PDT, and control (no intervention). After the intervention, the teeth underwent a 14-day pH-cycling, and enamel microhardness was measured again. The change in microhardness was calculated for each group, and comparisons were made by two-way ANOVA and t-test (alpha = 0.05). ResultsThe mean secondary microhardness of the three intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Despite slightly higher microhardness in SDF + PDT group, followed by the SDF group, the difference in secondary microhardness was not significant among the three intervention groups (P>0.05). ConclusionTreatment of primary enamel with SDF or PDT can increase its microhardness and enhance remineralization. However, combined use of SDF and PDT had no additional advantage over the use of SDF alone.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel meso-Tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrins for Photodynamic Therapy.

To discover effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT), a series of new meso-tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (m-Ph4TBP) derivatives were designed, prepared, and characterized. All m-Ph4TBPs own two characteristic absorption bands in the range of 450-500 and 600-700 nm and have the ability to generate singlet oxygen upon photoexcitation. Most of the m-Ph4TBPs demonstrated high photoactivity, among which compounds I4, I6, I12, and I13 induced apoptosis and also exhibited excellent photodynamic activities in vivo. Nonetheless, the liver organs of the I4 and I6-PDT groups showed clear calcifications, whereas the liver tissues of the other PDT groups showed no calcification. It was indicated that compared to phenolic m-Ph4TBPs, glycol m-Ph4TBPs exhibited superior biological safety in mice. According to comprehensive evaluations, m-Ph4TBP I12 displayed excellent photodynamic antitumor efficacy and biological safety and can be regarded as a promising antitumor drug candidate.

Microbiological and Imaging-Based Evaluations of Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Er:YAG Laser Therapy in the In Vitro Decontamination of Titanium and Zirconia Surfaces.

The oral cavity's soft and hard tissues create a conducive environment for microbial proliferation and biofilm development, facilitating the colonization of prosthodontic and implant materials such as titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zr). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of conventional decontamination methodologies (i.e., chemical and mechanical, using 0.12% digluconate chlorhexidine (CHX) solution-treatment and airflow) to adjunctive laser-based interventions on Ti and Zr substrates inoculated with Staphylococcus (S.) aureus ATCC 25923. Additionally, this investigation sought to elucidate the impact of these treatments on temperature variations and surface integrity, analyzing the laser irradiation effects on these prevalent dental materials. Experimental configurations were delineated for both Ti and Zr samples across four groups: (1) a conventional treatment group (CV); (2) a photodynamic therapy group (PDT); (3) an Er:YAG laser treatment group (Er); (4) a combined PDT and Er:YAG treatment group (PDTEr). Also, a negative control group (C) that received no treatment was considered. The decontamination of the inoculated disc samples was evaluated by quantifying the microbial colonies in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Temperature variations on the surface of the samples were determined during laser treatments. Surface modifications were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For statistical analysis, Fisher 95% confidence intervals, Hsu's MCB method, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. With regard to the 105 CFU/mL of the negative control group, results indicated average values equal for each study group to (1) 2.66 CFU/mL for Ti and 2 CFU/mL for Zr for the CV group; (2) 0.33 CFU/mL for Ti and 1 CFU/mL for Zr for the PDT group; (3) 1.25 CFU/mL for Ti and 0 CFU/mL for Zr for the Er group; (4), and 0 CFU/mL for both Ti and Zr for the PDTEr group. Therefore, the combined PDT and Er:YAG treatment (PDTEr) and the singular PDT modality outperformed conventional decontamination methods in eradicating S. aureus biofilms from both Ti and Zr surfaces. Notably, the PDTEr regime achieved a comprehensive elimination of microbial colonies on treated substrates. Surface examination employing OCT demonstrated discernible alterations in the surface morphology of samples subjected to Er:YAG and combined PDT and Er:YAG treatments. Temperature checks during treatments showed no major changes, suggesting the applied laser methods are safe. In conclusion, PDTEr and PDT eliminated bacteria more effectively, but Zr surfaces were more resilient, making them better for microbe-controlling applications. Also, the study demonstrated that the (less costly but lower resolution) OCT method can replace SEM for such investigations.

Comparative study of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)

BackgroundPrevention of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and effective medical intervention of persistent HPV infection and precancerous lesions are critical for the prevention of cervical cancer. AimsThe aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the outcomes of ALA PDT and observation only in the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). MethodsIn PDT Group (n = 138), ALA PDT was applied to patients with colposcopic biopsy confirmed cervical LSIL accompanied with HR-HPV infection longer than 1 year or HPV 16/18 subtype infection. Cervical LSIL only patients received 3 times of ALA PDT and those with concurrent cervical canal or vaginal lesions received 6 times ALA PDT. Control Group (n = 69) received observation only. Colposcopy, TCT and HPV typing were performed before and after treatment. Patients were followed up for up to two years. ResultThe observation group showed 26.1%, 34.8% and 53.6% HR-HPV negative conversion at 3-6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. LSIL regression rate of the observation group was 33.33%, 36.23% and 65.22% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. There was 62.32%, 80.56% and 89.22% patients achieved HPV clearance at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after PDT treatment, respectively. The LSIL remission rate was 89.86%, 94.40% and 96.08% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after ALA PDT, respectively. The abnormal TCT (≧ ASCUS) was reduced from 92% to 10.1%, 4.6% and 3.9% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after ALA PDT, respectively. The patient age was not a factor affecting the clearance of HPV infection and the LSIL regression rate of PDT treatment. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the application of multiple ALA PDT treatments has added value in achieving both short-term and long-term HPV and lesion clearance.

Comparative Study of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy and the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure for the Treatment of Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.

The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a common treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a non-invasive modality that has been used for treating precancerous diseases and HPV infections. This comparative study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ALA PDT and the LEEP in the treatment of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Patient records were reviewed and HSIL patients with HPV infections (24-51 years old) who underwent PDT or LEEP treatment were selected. Efficacy was analyzed blindly based on HPV-DNA, cytology, and colposcopy-directed biopsy obtained at 6 months after treatment. Treatment-related discomfort and side effects were also analyzed. Cure rates of 88.1% and 70.0% were achieved for the PDT group and LEEP group (p < 0.05), respectively. HPV-negative conversion rates of 81.0% and 62.0% were achieved for the PDT group and LEEP group (p < 0.05), respectively. The overall lesion remission rate of the PDT group was 19% higher than that of the LEEP group. The incidence of side effects was much lower in the PDT group. These results show that ALA PDT is a feasible non-invasive treatment for cervical HSIL.

Evaluating photodynamic therapy versus brolucizumab as a second-line treatment for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

To compare the one-year outcomes between intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) monotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a second-line treatment in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) who did not respond to first-line therapy. This case-control study included eyes with PCV that do not respond to aflibercept or ranibizumab. The patients were retrospectively registered. We compared outcomes, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical results, and the need for additional treatments, between IVBr and a combination therapy using PDT as second-line treatments for refractory PCV, after adjusting for potential confounders. We analyzed E-values to evaluate the robustness of the results against unmeasured confounders. Twenty-two eyes received IVBr, and twenty-four underwent PDT. No apparent differences were observed in BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) changes from baseline between the groups (IVBr vs. PDT: BCVA, 0.01 ± 0.47 logMAR vs. 0.04 ± 0.18 logMAR, P-value = 0.756; CMT: -36.3 ± 99.4μm vs. -114.7 ± 181.4μm, P-value = 0.146). Only in the PDT group, five eyes (20.8%) did not require additional treatment after the second-line treatment, the adjusted odds ratio indicating no further treatment needed was 11.98 (95% confidence interval: 1.42-2070.07, P-value = 0.019). The E-value for the adjusted odds ratio was 23.44. Both second-line treatments for PCV exhibited similar visual and anatomical outcomes. Only in the PDT-treated eyes were there some patients who did not require further treatment after second-line therapy.