Group Of Owners Research Articles

Ecological Innovations in Hotel Companies: A Case Study of Poland

Entrepreneurship is one of the key pillars of the modern market economy. The most important attributes of entrepreneurship include innovation. According to many economists, most of the economic growth of developed countries should now be linked to the application and implementation of innovation. Among many types of innovations, ecological innovations (eco-innovations) deserve special attention. Ecological innovations contribute to the reduction of operating costs, increase in competitive advantage and facilitate entry into new markets. At the same time, they have a positive impact on the natural environment. The examples of eco-innovations are also increasingly often found in hotel companies. The aim of the publication is to discuss the current examples of the most significant ecological innovations in hotel enterprises. The article considers the significant impact of ecological innovations on the activities of this type of enterprises. In order to achieve the objectives of the publication, the Polish hotel market was taken into account. The article presents the following research thesis: Environmental innovations are an increasingly important element influencing the operation of hotel enterprises in Poland. However, there is still little awareness of them among guests. The article was written on the basis of books studies, monographs, magazines and netographic information. Methodology of research carried out for the needs of the work. To identify and analyze ecological innovations in hotels in Poland, as well as for the purposes of achieving the goals of the work, two methods of collecting primary research material were used. The first one is based on the analysis of existing data, including the analysis of guest opinions on the booking portal and literary criticism. The second one consisted of a diagnostic survey in which a non-standardized interview was used as a research technique on a deliberately selected group of hotel owners and managers from all over Poland, who have decided to introduce ecological innovations on the premises of their facilities. Interviews were conducted in January-February 2024. The interview did not take into account objects that temporarily suspended their activity. The results of the research positively verify theses.

Responsible ownership and health education can reduce the time of sporotrichosis treatment in domestic cats

Sporotrichosis is a widespread fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissues in humans and animals. In cats, it is displayed as nodules, ulcers and lesions on the nasal and respiratory mucosa. Antifungal treatment of cats is crucial but many cases are difficult, thus resulting in discontinue of the treatment, with disastrous consequences for the animal, encouraging contamination of the environment, other animals and people. The effects of responsible ownership education and health education for owners of cats with feline sporotrichosis as well as the interval between veterinary consultations on treatment outcomes for three groups of owners and their pet cats were evaluated in this study. The responsible ownership education and health education strategies consisted in videos in easy and accessible language for people with any level of education and were presented during consultations for two of the three groups included. The time between appointments was two weeks for two of the groups, and four weeks for one of the groups. The median of treatment time for the group without educational activities was 138 days, while for the other two groups it was 77.5 days and 86 days. It was found a significative reduction in the treatment time in the groups exposed to Responsible ownership education videos. There was no contamination of those responsible for home treatment, and the interval between monthly appointments did not impact on cure or death rates compared to the interval between fortnightly appointments. All these results can be applied to feline sporotrichoses treatment protocols increasing the owners treatment adherence and reducing either, the treatment discontinuation and the treatment costs and helps to control zoonotic sporotrichosis. The importance of attractive and comprehensible educational strategies as part of the feline sporotrichosis treatment protocol for the promotion of one health was highlighted.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ УМОВИ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В АГРАРНОМУ ІНТЕГРОВАНОМУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The article is devoted to the study of scientific knowledge on the general organizational conditions for corporate governance in an agrarian integrated enterprise. Based on the analysis of scientific knowledge on the conditions and features of corporate governance in integrated agricultural structures, the authors have found that relations arise not between the owners of a corporation, but between the corporation and the owners, and thus relations in the group of owners are absent or minimized. In practice, the key element of contracting is not an attempt to determine the behavior of the CEO in all possible situations, but to develop a structured system of remuneration for managers. The main goal of this operation is to find the optimal combination of different types of remuneration for top managers, which will ensure mutually beneficial interests of both shareholders and managers of the corporation. The author proves that the most effective mechanism of internal control over the activities of a corporation's management personnel is to involve shareholders in protecting their interests through agents (outsiders) who are not employees of the corporation but are vested with certain controlling powers. It is assumed that these agents will not be directly related to the operational management of the corporation, and thus they become the defenders of the interests of the owners. It is found that there is a direct relationship between agency conflicts and corporate governance mechanisms. The result of the study is the identification of positive and negative aspects of capital concentration in a corporation. This leads to the conclusion that with an increase in the manager's shareholding, the level of agency conflicts decreases. The authors propose a detailed model of corporate governance that takes into account the interests of all participants. The conflict of interests between owners and managers of a corporate structure is investigated. The peculiarities of functioning of the external mechanism of control by the financial market in the corporate governance system and their shortcomings are highlighted. The institutional factors influencing the corporate governance system of an integrated agricultural enterprise are demonstrated. Keywords: corporate governance, agricultural enterprise, integrated structure, financial market, control mechanism.

Factors Explaining the Willingness of Small-Scale Private Forest Owners to Engage in Forestry—A German Case Study

In Germany, 24% of the forest area is owned by small-scale private forest owners, whose property is affected by a societal demand for forest-related ecosystem services. In the inhomogeneous group of small-scale private forest owners, different living conditions and lifestyles exist, which are affecting the management of the forest ownership. To support the management activities of small-scale private forest owners, institutional instruments exist, but these are only used by a small proportion of forest owners. In order to gain insights into the accessibility and activation of small-scale private forest owners for management, and to draw conclusions for appropriate support instruments, a large number of studies have analyzed the factors influencing the management activities of forest owners. Some studies identify socio-demographic and socio-economic variables as important influencing factors, but do not take into account their complex interdependencies, which have developed as a result of the pluralization of lifestyles and individualization of forest owners. For this reason, in addition to the influencing factors identified in the literature as relevant for forest management activities of small-scale private forest owners, the lifestyle segmentation approach of Sinus milieus established in German market research was applied in this study. This approach allocates forest owners based on their complex lifestyles into ten different milieu groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the parameters influencing the willingness to engage in eight different forest management activities. The results show that the willingness to engage in forest management activities in the future is higher compared to actions in the past. In addition to timber harvesting-related activities, the small-scale private forest owners show a high action potential for non-commodity-related activities. Non-commodity-related activities can primarily be explained by the Sinus milieu affiliation of the small-scale private forest owners. This result underlines the usefulness of a lifestyle segmentation approach such as the Sinus milieus to address small-scale private forest owners in a target group specific way in line with their willingness to engage in specific forest management activities. Institutional instruments such as the membership in a forest owners association or subsidies do not play a significant role for non-commodity-related activities and seem to be inappropriate for targeting small-scale private forest owners for these activities. Timber harvesting-related activities are primarily influenced by the presence of professional foresters, socio-demographic factors or institutional instruments. Based on these empirical findings, implications can be drawn for the target group-specific addressing of forest owners based on different management activities. In this way, forest owners can be motivated to engage in forest management and the provision of forest-related ecosystem services.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ КООПЕРАТИВУ-ЛОКАЛЬНОЇ МІКРОМЕРЕЖІ ВДЕ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ І ПІДТРИМКИ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the prerequisites and presents the motivational grounds and concepts of creating digital platform cooperatives (DPs) as the basis for the formation of local microgrids of renewable energy generation (LMREG). The cooperation of small local RES producers, "Platform Cooperativeism", is considered as a tool of inclusive development, an alternative to "Platform Capitalism" as a result of the monopolization of markets by platforms - digital intermediaries.An overview of research on the development of cooperation of small REG producers is presented. The reasons hindering its development in Ukraine have been revealed. Attention is focused on the potential advantages that can be created by the use of the cross-subsidization effect inherent in the DP for the development of LMREG based on DP cooperatives. The structural and functional scheme of the cooperative DP of LMREG is proposed. Its structural components include the CPU core, the local self-government body, groups of legal entities and individuals - prosumers, who combine the roles of producers and consumers of electricity, as well as investors who invest in the development of the cooperative but do not have their power-generating equipment. The functional component provides generation, accumulation, and distribution of energy flows, their monitoring, data accumulation and analysis, algorithmic control and balancing of the state of the microgrid, provision of data for mutual calculations between its participants, and interaction with the unified energy system of Ukraine. The motivational reasons for participation in the Cooperative-DP of various groups of power generation equipment owners are analyzed. The possible consequences of the formation of the DP core - LMREG on a commercial basis are characterized.

Co-creating communities of place in second home tourism

ABSTRACT The paper contributes to extant research by conceptualising and extending our understanding of communities of place and particularly the role of second home owners in the co-creation of these. Previous research has dealt with how translocated residents, such as second home owners, participate in co-creation activities with permanent residents. Despite considerable attention given to second home owners impacts on local communities, research that delves into the intricacies of their participation is missing. Specifically, there is a gap in understanding the diverse ways second home owners engage in the co-creation, and sometimes co-destruction, of communities of place. Utilising longitudinal data gathered from 2016 to 2022 in two second home areas in Denmark, this paper explores the defining aspects of these dynamics, synthesising them into distinct roles that second home owners can assume in these co-creation processes. Three overlapping co-creative/co-destructive roles of second home owners in communities of place that transcend places and contexts are defined and explored: custodians, holiday consumers and innovators. Contrary to prior assumptions, our research challenges the notion that specific groups of second home owners inherently contribute more positively to a community, as we find that each role carries the potential for both co-creative and co-destructive outcomes.

ЗЕМЛЕВЛАДЕЛЬЧЕСКАЯ АРИСТОКРАТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЧАСТНОГО ПРАВА НА НЕДРА В ПЕРИОД "ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗМА" 1890-1914 ГГ.

Based on the study of archival materials (primarily from the funds of the Yusupov princes), the article considers the issue of the realization by the largest landowners of the Russian Empire in 1890–1914 of their right to the subsoil in order to increase the profitability of their estates. As it turns out, that economic strategy was characteristic not only of a small group of Ural owners, but also for many other titled aristocrats whose possessions were located in the central provinces and especially in the regions of Southern Russia (Donbass and the Caucasus), where huge reserves of mineral raw materials were discovered. The analysis of the relevant sources shows what significant opportunities for increasing revenue were provided by coal and oil deposits, and primarily, by the initiative and economic pragmatism of private landowners in organizing extractive production. As a rule, most aristocrats managed to increase their cash receipts immediately due to minimal organizational efforts. But in the future, with the expansion and complication of extractive production, landowners faced a lack of available funds. The way out of that was seen in selling their lands or in the corporatization of the enterprise, which guaranteed the aristocrats a certain dividend from profits, but transferred most of the capital and income of the estate into the hands of industrial or banking companies. In any case, the entry of the Russian economy in 1890-1914 in the “industrial” period turned out to be extremely profitable for the largest landowners, not only for purposes of developing their agricultural estates, but also in terms of the diversification of their economy, including through the active exploitation of mineral resources.

Neutrosophic Delphi for evaluating sustainability models of native and non-native digital media.

Technological globalization has brought many changes in different fields, one of which is related to the media. In the case of traditional media, they are forced to find new ways to rethink practice, while digital media emerges in a digital context, albeit with limitations. Experience In both cases, sustainability is one of the factors to be rethought. Building on this, the overall objective is to use the Neutrosophic Delphi method to investigate the extent to which native and non-native digital media have durable patterns that allow them to be successful in their communication activities. To achieve this objective, we work with a mixed methodology, that is, qualitative and quantitative approaches: for qualitative, we use interview methods, for quantitative, we use survey methods. The population studied included both native and non-native digital media. Specifically, the survey and interviews were applied to a group of media owners. The article concludes with a series of Neutrosophic reflections on the conditions of media sustainability.

Preliminary examination of the perceptions of sustainable horse feeding practices in the Netherlands

The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of sustainability among horse owners in the Netherlands and their willingness to switch to more sustainable feeding practices. A survey was distributed to a target group of horse owners in the Netherlands via social media channels. Data (n = 338 valid responses) were stratified based on yard type and size (small (<20), medium (20-50), and large (>50 horses). Most of the yards were livery yards (68 %) and they were small in size (66 %). The term most commonly associated with sustainability was low environmental impact (61.8 %). All participants (338/338) indicated that they were willing to switch to more sustainable feeding practices. Of the six options offered, the most popular was the use of plastic-free packaging products (60.5 %). This study identified that numerically the greatest change in behavior for the Dutch equestrian community would be achieved by small livery yards (P < 0.001). The potential to modify certain practices might be limited by the size of the equestrian operation, such as the available land for altering pasture management, and the financial aspects of the enterprise. Future research should investigate how the scale and economic considerations of the equestrian business influence its capacity and willingness to adopt more sustainable feeding practices.

Penguatan Pemasaran Digital Dan Variasi Produk Bagi Pemilik Usaha “Healthy Food”

Purpose – This community service activity aims to provide solutions to the problems of the Service Partner, namely the Housewives Group of Healthy Food business owners on Jalan Kenanga Indah, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, which is chaired by Mrs. Sunayah. There are two partner problems; 1) Do not yet have digital marketing media through social media because they still use direct sales promotion and 2) Not yet innovating for Healthy Food product variations Design/methodology/approach – The activity method used is training and mentoring for Service Partners, including consumer identification, target market, market share and business owner capacity; designing social media marketing strategies; creating profiles; updating digital marketing profiles; making Healthy Food variations as well as evaluating and monitoring activities Findings – The results of this service activity include first; training and assistance in creating an Instagram account @_healthyfood_malang with a number of follower accounts (Followers) of 2,711 and the PKM Team continues to train Service Partners to document training activities, the results of making Healthy Fruit and Healthy Vegetables, designing photos and writing using templates, uploading to Instagram accounts and assisting Service Partners to be able to increase Followers. The PKM team also trained Service Partners to follow as many Instagram accounts as possible to find new customers and expand the market. The results of the second activity; The PKM team trained the Service Partners to make variations of Healthy Food, namely Healthy Fruit and Healthy Vegetables. Monitoring and evaluation activities for success are carried out by the PKM Team in accordance with each systematic that has been previously trained Originality/value – The implication of this service activity is that the capacity of the Service Partners has increased, knowledge about social media marketing strategies through Instagram and how to develop product marketing has increased. The general public has alternative healthy foods that can be consumed and ordered online through Instagram social media. At the same time, the Service Partner can develop a variety of Healthy Food. The novelty of this service activity is that it is carried out by a group of housewives to improve skills and help supplement the family economy

Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Birgunj, Nepal: A Comparative Study

This study is an empirical research of women entrepreneurs involved in the various industries in Birgunj, Nepal. Women Entrepreneurs of both registered and unregistered units are considered as respondents. Three entrepreneurial activities had considered as the study area of this research viz. manufacturing, trading and services. It concentrates only in micro and small enterprises run by women. In order to draw comparisons, researchers included a control group of male business owners. The criteria established by Lalitha Rani (1996) based on ratio of profit to total investment were used to measure the preference of entrepreneurs. Performance was classified as "Less than average," "Average," and "very successful." Comparative study and chi- squire test were carried out to see the association between performance and other independent variables. Exploratory and descriptive research had done through judgmental sampling; information was collected from 72 women entrepreneurs and 29 male entrepreneurs. This study applied cross sectional design under quantitative research methods. Result of performance analysis shows that performance and gender, training, and experience did not have any significant relationships; but, there were significant relationships between performance and activities and legal ownership.

Probabilistic typology of private forest owners: A tool to target the development of new market for ecosystem services

Understanding how and why private forest owners manage their forests is the basis for efficient policy, and improperly targeting forest owners can lead to inefficiencies. Furthermore, new markets for ecosystem services have been proposed as a way to diversity private forest owner revenues and move forest management in a more sustainable direction. Based on a survey of 220 French private forest owners, we perform a cluster analysis to identify distinct groups of forest owners according to their stated behaviors. Owners were clustered based on their rating of statements derived from existing profiles as well as their rating of the importance of new markets and social recognition. We then test if our owner classifications are sufficient predictors of the valuation of a set of ecosystem services, explicitly comparing an individual’s stated need for ecosystem services to their perceived social demand. Our results confirm previously reported forest owner typologies of European forest owners, and show that these typologies can meaningfully explain variation in ecosystem service demand. This is important as the preservation and production of ecosystem services are increasingly important components of forest management and policy.

(COVID)-19 and the Impact on Cultural Tourism: The Case of Beit She'An Valley, Israel

Under the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Israel, almost every taken-for-granted feature of the day-to-day life was affected. This phenomenon and its derived socioeconomic effects on cultural tourism have been investigated in a northern peripheral area, Beit She???an Valley, which includes a small urban municipality, Beit She???an town, and a regional council, Emek HaMaayanot (a rural municipality). The closure of heritage sites and almost every kind of public cultural venue has led to economic consequences such as absence of tourists, worker layoffs in the cultural tourism industry, and a wave of collapse of businesses. In order to understand the implications of the pandemic on the area, surveys were conducted among two local groups: business owners and residents. The findings show that 9 out of 10 businesses have been affected, yet few have received governmental support. A large number of business owners think that under the current circumstances, their business can be sustained only for several months. Residents reported that during the pandemic, they avoided public spaces and gatherings, visiting cultural sites much less often than before the pandemic. It is clear that both groups have to readjust their perception of tourist spaces and their activities. The changes that took place in tourism activities following the pandemic have led the owners of local businesses related to cultural tourism, as well as tour guides, to think of different ways to operate their activities. Interviews with a group of business owners suggest that new initiatives and survival strategies may have far-reaching implications for cultural tourism in the region and its characteristics. The findings of this research yield several recommendations regarding how to deal with similar crises in the future so that tourism activities at heritage sites will not be harmed.

Who owns France? Uncovering the structure of property ownership for a better understanding of the socio-spatial distribution of wealth

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the structure of French property ownership and shows how it is crucial input to understand the socio-spatial distribution of wealth and inequalities in cities. To date only partial information exists on this given that we are in a period of financial opacity. In this paper, we provide a theoretical framework to analyze the structure of property ownership. It is defined by four dimensions: the distribution of properties among different categories of owners, the spatial patterns of the properties held by these categories, their estimated financial value, and their concentration within the categories—the latter not studied here, for legal and confidentiality reasons. Drawing on unpublished cadastral data on property owners and property transaction prices, we carry out an empirical analysis which reveals the dominance of household and public ownership, contrasting with the marginal position of private investors. Despite the fact that the structure of ownership is fairly uniform throughout the urban hierarchy, some groups of owners do however hold strategically located properties. Our results show the embeddedness of the property ownership in different accumulation regimes, and relativize any consideration of financialization or neoliberalism as a global all-encompassing framework when analyzing real estate property.

Achieving Functional Recovery through Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings: Barriers and Opportunities

Earthquakes can cause extensive damage to buildings, with lengthy impacts in terms of community recovery. As a result, there is a growing interest in design approaches and standards for buildings that ensure postearthquake functional recovery. This paper qualitatively explores barriers and opportunities for achieving functional recovery in the retrofit of existing buildings. The study employs a set of focus groups engaging 21 participants who are experienced in the seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings in the US. Qualitative analysis methods were used to analyze the collected data and to identify the key themes. The thematic analysis revealed three groups of owners and buildings: (1) those for which functional recovery-based retrofit may be achievable, including owners with long ownership time horizons, high-value contents or operations, and buildings whose functions cannot easily be relocated; (2) those for which retrofit for functional recovery is likely not needed nor practical, including buildings whose functions can be distributed to provide geographic redundancy or replaced with remote operations or a different building; and (3) buildings for which life safety retrofits, sustainability upgrades, or other renovations may improve functional recovery even if not explicitly targeted. The study also revealed significant barriers related to retrofit costs, insufficient or inadequate tools and guidelines for retrofit implementation, difficulty in communication of benefits, and a contradiction between community-scale goals and building-scale decisions. Opportunities identified to address these barriers include strategies to improve access to capital and funding, measure and communicate economic and other benefits, and develop tools and guidelines. This study is the first to rigorously explore the feasibility of achieving functional recovery for existing buildings, which make up a major part of the US building stock and are, therefore, significant impediments to postearthquake community recovery. The study suggests actions that can facilitate moving towards functional recovery objectives.

The impact of information on the perception, emotional profile, and insights of Brazilian pet owners with different degrees of entomophobia

The substantive environmental impact and low sustainability of the animal food production chain have driven research on alternative insect-based food sources. However, high levels of entomophobia in populations restrict the use of edible insects, particularly in cultures without a tradition of entomophagy. The present study used the Entomophagy Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ) to assess pet owners' attitudes toward entomophagy; the check-all-that-apply (CATA) methodology was adapted to assess emotions (EsSense Profile®) and evaluate emotional responses. Two distinct groups of pet owners were identified: the Flexible and Inflexible groups. The Inflexible group exhibited a significantly higher association with negative emotions, such as disgust, worry, guilt, and anxiety, than the Flexible group. However, after reading an informative text describing the advantages of edible insects, the Inflexible group considered “flavor” and “sustainability” as reasons to include insects in their pets' diets, while their concern related to “health risk” as a reason to exclude insects was significantly reduced. Furthermore, both groups identified “capsule”, “powder/flour”, and “sachet/snack” as their most preferred methods to incorporate insects into their pets' diet. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for the animal feed sector by highlighting the openness of pet owners toward edible insects, the preferred forms of administration, and the impact of relevant information on perception.

Assessment of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the HoReCa Industry in the Opinion of Customers and Employees

Assessment of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the HoReCa Industry in the Opinion of Customers and Employees

Financial Resilience and Financial Education among Malaysi-an Women Small and Micro Business-Owners: Lessons beyond the Covid-19 Crisis

Abstract&#x0D; Policy makers across the countries have embraced financial education as a remedy to barrier militating against the need of women small and micro business owners to improve their financial decisions, behaviours, and invariably financial resilience and economic opportunities. A review of academic and policy literature on financial education and financial inclusions shows that policymakers have initiated different activities with focus on building and improving financial literacy of groups of women entrepreneurs who operates small and micro businesses. In order to highlight this important objective, one that resonates with development objectives, the paper discusses the following: first, the benefits of financial education for low-income group, in particular, women who operates micro and small businesses; Second, how financial education can support financial inclusions; and third, how financial education could be applied to deal with risks and challenges confronting the low income groups of women business owners, and enhance their financial resilience through appropriate financial decision making and adaptation over a long term. This paper finds relevance in the light of numerous financial challenges such as, financial shortfall, loss of income, trouble meeting other financial obligations experienced by group of low-income groups of women business owners during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. One that has proven to be a severe test on their financial resilience. This research is supported by Ministry of Education (MOE) through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2021/SS01/UIAM/03/3).

Pet's influence on humans' daily physical activity and mental health: a meta-analysis.

The benefits of the human-animal bond on owners' health and quality of life have been the focus of research in recent decades. However, the results are still inconsistent. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether the presence of a pet, compared to a control group, influences daily physical activity levels and mental health using a meta-analytic method. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for all research articles that included pets as an object of study and related mental health and quality of life variables between pet owners and non-owners until April 2022. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used, and the Downs and Back checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the difference between a group of pet owners and non-pet owners. An initial search located 11,389 studies, but only 49 studies fulfilled all requirements. Our results indicate that pets have a moderately significant positive effect on the physical activity of owners compared to non-pet owners. Among the moderating variables, the frequency of physical activity showed a highly significant effect, indicating that owners had a higher frequency of physical activity than non-owners. Moreover, our results indicate a significant impact but with a low effect size of pets on owners' mental health when compared to non-pet owners. Pet ownership does not seem to influence owners' mental health, but it does influence their physical activity. Specifically, owners show a higher frequency of physical activity than non-owners.

Organoleptic Evaluation of Mixed Powdered Cotton Fruit (Sandoricum Koetjape) and Rattan Fruit (Calamus Manillensis) as Souring Agent

The study focused on the development, organoleptic evaluation, and marketability of Mixed Powdered Cotton Fruit and Rattan Fruit as Souring Agent. This Product development research included two major phases: (1) Vacuum/Sun Drying and Preparation and (2) Recipes Preparation. To further appreciate the mixed powdered cotton fruit and rattan fruit as souring agent, the study undergoes proximate analysis for its nutritive content and also determining its pH level for the human level consumption. It also determined the organoleptic evaluation of mixed powdered cotton fruit and rattan fruit as souring agent in three (3) different recipes namely pork sinigang, fish sinigang, and beef sinigang in terms of appearance, aroma, and taste by conducting sensory evaluation of the finished product anf the marketability in terms of consumer demand and production cost. The 40 evaluators consisted of varied age groups 10 teenagers and 10 adults from from selected household members of Purok 5, Baligatan City of Ilagan, Isabela, and 10 Food Experts from Food Technology Faculty, Staff and the Canteen operator of Isabela State University Ilagan City Campus and 10 Restaurant owners in the selected restaurants in the City of Ilagan Isabela. The statistical tools used in the study were the mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD) and One-Way between Groups analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A five-point Likert scale was used in the determination of its marketability and nine-point hedonic scale for its organoleptic evaluation. Results of the study revealed that mixed powdered cotton fruit and rattan fruit as souring agent used in different sinigang recipes in terms of appearance, aroma, and taste were extremely aggreable across group of teenagers, adults, food experts and restaurant owners. Significant difference was also established in the general organoleptic evaluation and marketability of the different sinigang recipes such as pork sinigang, fish sinigang, and beef sinigang across the groups of respondents were found that there was no significant difference in the general organoleptic evaluation and marketability of mixed powdered cotton fruit and rattan fruit as souring agent.