Group Of Lamps Research Articles

Saint Stephen in Africa: On Saints, Spinsters, and Synagogues in Late Antiquity

Abstract: This study forges a novel link between an image molded unto an oil lamp from Carthage and the text that inspired it. Wrongly considered unique and misinterpreted for over a century, the lamp features a hallowed figure holding a cross in its right arm and crushing a serpent-dragon under its feet. This triad—man, cross, beast—is planted atop an inverted seven-branch candelabra, the ubiquitous Jewish symbol of Late Antiquity. Behind the story of the pictured saint simultaneously subduing a dragon and a candelabra is a tradition of vehement anti-Judaism based on the New Testament and richly laced with African theology and martyrology. Using as interpretative keys a group of oil lamps manufactured in North Africa for Christian and Jewish customers, this study traces the evolution of new, peculiarly African discourses of sainthood, of martyrdom, and of Jewishness.

КОЛЛЕКЦИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО СТЕКЛА ИЗ РАСКОПОК Г. ТИГРАНАКЕРТ В АРЦАХЕ / ԱՐՑԱԽԻ ՏԻԳՐԱՆԱԿԵՐՏԻ ՄԻՋՆԱԴԱՐՅԱՆ ԱՊԱԿԻՆ / MEDIEVAL GLASS FROM TIGRANAKERT CITY IN ARTSAKH

The collection of medieval glass from Tigranakert city in Artsakh is consists of 1545 items. Fragments of medieval glassware were found in the cultural layers of the 5th-7th, 9th-11th and 12th-13th centuries in the Central District, as well as in the 12th-13th century layer in the Fortified District. It should be noted, that the remains of glass production - the furnace and the stone smelter for glass - were opened in the excavation of the Medieval Square in the Central District. This indicated on the local production of glass. The furnace is round laid out from bricked in 5 rows: the bricks are burnt, many are broken in to half. The inner diameter of the furnace is 0.78 m. The inside of the furnace was filled with pieces of brick and tiles. This glass workshop probably belonged to the type where the glass was not boiled, but processed by melting pieces of glass. The small pieces of such glass were found in the excavation site. Judging by the excavation layer, it belonged to the early medieval period. The operating time of a similar furnace is limited by the 5-6 years, but the tradition of glass production was preserved later. So, manufacturing defects from glass bracelets production were found in the layers of the 11th-12th centuries. The whole mass of glass objects, according to the meaning of their use, can be divided into two groups: jewelry (bracelets and beads) and vessels, among which a group of oil lamps can be distinguished. Unfortunately, no complete vessels have been found and the glass fragments sometimes are quite small, so through them it is difficult to understand the shape and use of the vessels.

Effect of light switch illumination on total energy consumption

The question of the relevance of reducing energy consumption is considered. An assumption is made that in cases where indoor illuminated switches are used that control a group of lamps, currents of the order of microamperes flow in the lighting network in the switched-off mode.The regulatory documentation related to the normative indicators of illumination as well as the typical area of premises is analyzed, and on the basis of the listed data, the calculation of the minimum required luminous flux emitted by lamps is made. The normalized calculated luminous flux was divided by the luminous flux from one lamp, with the resulting ratio rounded up. This ratio is the approximate number of lamps. This number of lamps will enable to calculate the total current of the entire lighting network.The standard rates for the operating time of the lighting network are taken into account. The operating time of the lighting network in the "standby" mode is the difference between the total number of hours per day and the standard operating time of the lighting network.Knowing the power consumption and the network operation time in the "standby" mode, we can calculate the power consumption of the lighting network in the "standby" mode.

Intercomparison of indoor and outdoor spectral irradiance measurements between INTI and INMETRO.

We report methodology and results for indoor and outdoor intercomparison of spectral irradiance measurements by Argentinian and Brazilian national metrology institutes traced to metrological standards following independent traceability chains. A group of standard lamps, measured between 250 and 1100 nm using characterized spectroradiometers and calibrated reference standards, resulted in a bilateral degree of equivalence (DoE) better than 0.5% in visible, 0.75% in infrared, and 3.7% in ultraviolet (UV), all within calibration uncertainties. Simultaneous measurement of UV solar spectral irradiance with both spectroradiometers traced to the same reference lamp resulted in DoE better than 5.4% and 5.9% (within uncertainties) for global and diffuse incidence in the UVA range. Total UV solar irradiance computed from integration over spectral measurements agrees within the criterion of normalized error smaller than one.

A group of Early Roman lamps from Chhîm, Lebanon: preliminary research on shapes, fabric and provenance

The group of Early Roman oil lamps excavated during several research seasons in Chhîm constitute a significantly fragmented assemblage. Macroscopic analysis of fabrics, combined with typological study complemented by iconographic research where applicable, revealed similarities between studied objects and other lamp finds from the Levant. The characterised fabric shows the continuity of manufacture from the Hellenistic period and the connection with semi-fine ware. The collected data suggest the Phoenician coast as the potential place of manufacture.

Spectral irradiance primary scale realization and characterization of deuterium lamps from 200 to 400 nm.

To meet the increasing metrology demand of spectral irradiance in the short UV spectral range, a new spectral irradiance scale from 200 to 400 nm was realized at National Institute of Metrology (NIM) based on a high-temperature blackbody BB3500M, and a group of stable deuterium lamps are used as the transfer standards. Accurate real-time temperature of a blackbody is derived to reduce the temperature drift during the measurement period. A combination of an absolute and relative measurement system is designed to reduce repeatability uncertainty, and a selective optical filter method is used to remove fluorescence with a peak at 330 nm. A seven-point bandwidth novel correction method based on differential quadrature formula is put forward to correct the bandwidth error of the monochromator. The expanded uncertainties of the new spectral irradiance scale are 5.3% at 200 nm, 1.8% at 250 nm, 1.9% at 330 nm, and 3.6% at 400 nm, respectively. In the overlap wavelength from 250 to 400 nm, the average deviation between two types transfer standards, deuterium lamps and tungsten halogen lamps, is verified to be 0.39%, which are consistent with the associated measurement uncertainties.

Teapot-shaped wheel-made lamps from Cilicia and southeastern Turkey

The article publishes a small group of globular lamps from the museum of Mersin in coastal Cilicia. The lamps are clearly of local Asia Minor production, largely corresponding to a type designated as "Kragenlampe" and dated to the 2nd–1st century BC.

Bilateral comparison of luminous flux using lamps as transfer standards (EURAMET.PR-K4.2)

The Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais, LNE-CNAM (France) and The National Institute of Metrology, RCM LIPI (Indonesia) agreed in December 2013 to conduct a bilateral comparison on luminous flux using a group of lamps as transfer standards.The aims of the comparison were:• To link the RCM LIPI realized lumen to the CCPR K4 reference value• To demonstrate the RCM LIPI capability in calibrating tungsten standards lamps.The comparison and its protocol were approved by the CCPR and registered with KCDB with the comparison number: EURAMET.PR-K4.2.KEY WORDS FOR SEARCHLuminous flux, PR K4, Bilateral ComparisonMain textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Kasnosrednjovjekovne staklene svjetiljke iz Zadra

Staklene svjetiljke pripadaju brojnim (kasno)srednjovjekovnim i novovjekovnim interijerima na istočnoj obali Jadrana. Njima se osvjetljavao prostor skromnih seoskih crkava, raskošnih gradskih katedrala, u manjoj mjeri i profanih, prvenstveno stambenih građevina. Pored jednog primjerka tzv. zvonolike svjetiljke (konična tijela s produženom prošupljenom drškom na dnu), skupinu obrađenih svjetiljki s prostora povijesne jezgre Zadra čine bikonične svjetiljke s ručkicama za vješanje, poznate i kao svjetiljke islamskog ili orijentalnog tipa. Okvirno su datirane u razdoblje od kraja XIV. do početka XVI. stoljeća. Premda pronađene u ulomcima, ističu se visokim stupnjem sačuvanosti i svakako su vrijedan pokazatelj tipološke zastupljenosti tog svakodnevnog uporabnog predmeta na obalnom dijelu Dalmacije.

APMP comparison on luminous flux units (APMP.PR-K4)

During the 18th APMP meeting in 2004, TCPR agreed that the luminous flux should be one of the several regional comparisons to be conducted in the field of photometry and radiometry, and the project was named as APMP.PR-K4. Nine laboratories took part in this comparison. A group of LF 200W lamps (no less than three) was used as transfer artifacts by each participant. The National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) acted as the pilot laboratory. Presented in this report are the detailed procedures and results of the work.Main textTo reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Chanukka-Eisen: Ethnography, Museums and “Hanukkah Lamps of Iron” from Rural Germany

This case study combines the disciplines of art history, community history, and ethnographic fieldwork to identify a group of museum objects within their cultural context. It shows how ethnography can be used to supplement the tool box available to the art historian in a positive way. Thus, private collections are used to identify the group of Hanukkah lamps of sheet metal in museums. Images of the lamps in folk and fine art, and mention of them in newspaper advertisements and community satirical publications—all contemporary to the period of their use—were consulted. Over 80 interviewees from southern Germany, Alsace, and the Netherlands were interviewed; the majority former teachers from a Jewish school in Wurzburg, others residing in Jerusalem and on the Moshav Shavei Tzion. As a result, the Hanukkah lamps were identified by country, ethnic group, religious affiliation, and object name in the local idiom. Tracing the development and geographic spread of the form also enabled us to identify the same lamp used in different social contexts, among itinerate members of society and the bourgeoisie.

Establishment of China Information Technology Outsourcing Early Warning Index Based on SVR

Abstract Information technology outsourcing in China has developed fast, it plays a more and more important role in economic development of China. Economic analysis and early warning system of information technology outsourcing, which reflect the status of ITO, can promote the healthy development of the industry. This paper constructed the indicator system by the method of time difference relevance and peak-valley. The weight vector of each indicator is attained by using support vector regression. It also calculated the comprehensive early warning index and established the early warning index system. At last, we used a group of signal lamps to reflect the status at every time. Based on the reality of ITO in China, this paper found that the development speed of ITO is slowing in recent months, the government should take out some positive measures.

Factors Affecting the Harmonics Generated by a Group of CFLs: Experimental Measurements

The penetration of nonlinear loads on power systems increases the harmonics that can cause detrimental problems to power systems such as an increase in voltage distortion, equipment failure, system resonance, increase system losses and decrease system efficiency. Many factors affect the harmonics produced by nonlinear loads. Hence, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of system voltage, impedance, frequency and background voltage distortion on the harmonics generated by a group of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs). Experimental measurements are performed for this purpose.

A Study of a group of Lamps from the Excavations (Held in 1973), in Al- Kabbari region – Alexandria دراسة لمجموعة مسارج حفائر القبارى بالإسکندریة

A Study of a group of Lamps from the Excavations (Held in 1973), in Al- Kabbari region – Alexandria دراسة لمجموعة مسارج حفائر القبارى بالإسکندریة

Artificial Neural Network Model of Discharge Lamps in the Power Quality Context

This paper presents a methodology for modeling high intensity discharge lamps based on artificial neural networks. The methodology provides a model which is able to represent the device operating in the frequency of distribution systems, facing events related to power quality. With the aid of a data acquisition system to monitor the laboratory experiment, and using $$\text{ MATLAB }^{\textregistered }$$ software, data was obtained for the training of two neural networks. These neural networks, working together, were able to represent with high fidelity the behavior of a discharge lamp. The excellent performance obtained by these models allowed the simulation of a group of lamps in a distribution system with shorter simulation time when compared to mathematical models. This fact justified the application of this family of loads in electric power systems. The representation of the device facing power quality disturbances also proved to be a useful tool for more complex studies in distribution systems.

Design and implementation of a smart networking control system for LED lighting based on CAN

The paper describes a smart networking control system for remote monitoring and controlling of lighting networks based on CAN bus. The nodes of network are LED lamps and environment sensors. The system provides LED lighting dimming control of a single lamp or a group of lamps. The master node will remote monitor the lighting condition of LED lamps and control the status of lighting system. The system was implemented in a simple lighting network based on CAN 2.0B, with the MCU using C8051F340. The driver for LED lamps uses PT4107 as the switching power supply chip and the dimming mode is based on PWM signal. The B&R PLC master the whole network as the host computer. Applications for this system include indoor lighting condition where it is desired to control LED lamps for saving energy consumption and creating various lighting effects.

The ‘Ephesian’ Terracotta Oil Lamps from the Agora of Nea Paphos

Ephesian terracotta oil lamps are a group of Hellenistic lamps used during the last two centuries BC and probably also in the 1st century AD. This very interesting mould-made type has very characteristic form, clay and ornamentation. Widespread across the whole Mediterranean, they were present in Cyprus and examples were discovered during the Paphos Agora Project. From certain findings it is even possible to suggest that Nea Paphos was a place where they were produced.

Final report on CCPR-K1.a.1: Bilateral comparison of spectral irradiance between NMIA (Australia) and SPRING (Singapore)

A bilateral comparison of spectral irradiance using tungsten halogen lamps as transfer standards covering the spectral region from 250 nm to 1600 nm was carried out between the NMIA and the SPRING Singapore in the period from November 2003 to August 2004. The NMIA acted as the pilot laboratory and provided the link to the key comparison CCPR-K1.a.The spectral irradiance units measured by the NMIA and the SPRING Singapore in this comparison are in agreement within the combined standard uncertainties of the laboratories over the wavelength range compared.The SPRING Singapore's spectral irradiance scale is based on a group of four NIST-calibrated standard lamps, three of which were calibrated prior to 2001 and one of which was calibrated in late 2001 after NIST adopted a new detector-based scale. There appear to be systematic differences between the two scales which are close to differences between the NMIA scale and the two NIST scales as represented by the group of reference lamps used at the SPRING Singapore.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

D. Ridgway, F. R. Serra Ridgway, M. Pearce, E. Herring, R. D. Whitehouse, and J. B. Wilkins, Ancient Italy in its Mediterranean Setting. Studies in Honour of Ellen Macnamara (Accordia Specialist Studies on the Mediterranean 4). London: Accordia Research Institute, 2000. Pp. x + 336, illus. ISBN 1-8734-1521-4. £46.20.

(scale 2:3), drawings of top and sometimes bottom, and profile drawings of each lamp; some readers might have found Munsell or DIN color descriptions useful too. The publisher might also have provided some more careful editing of the English; infelicities abound. As one might expect there seem to be strong trading connections with Asia Minor and with the western Black Sea coast (one major omission from the extensive bibliography is K.D. Vitelli's publication of the early seventh-century lamps from the Yassi Ada wreck in G.F. Bass and F.H. van Doorninck, Jr., Yassi Ada, [College Station, Tex. 1982]). There are some interesting iconographic scenes on lamp disks: for example, a later first-century B.C.E volute lamp has an erotic symplegma set above a galley, an unusual scene that suggests Antony and Cleopatra's famous meeting at Tarsus. There are some unusual local lamps like no. 74 (open top and flat bottom-could it in fact be a lampholder?) or nos. 75-81, starburst lamps with unusual Greek relief inscriptions-XPY on top and COY on bottom-that are widely distributed in North Pontic regions. Nos. 93-105 are imported or local versions of early Christian North African lamps but mixed up together rather than divided into earlier and later (Hayes I and II). Related are nos. 106 and 107; their solid handles with single groove seem to place them in the late fourth century rather than the fifth-sixth-century date suggested. Wheelmade lamps with small handles like nos. 87 and 88 are also found in second-third-century C.E. contexts in Asia Minor; no reason is given for the fourth-century date suggested. The final group of cross-handled lamps find close parallels among some of the Yassi Ada lamps referred to above, which date from ca. 630 C.E. and which probably come from workshops on the west coast of the Black Sea. The book should serve to whet our appetites for the publication of more recent excavations at this remarkable outpost of Hellenism.

A Group of Early Iron Age Lamps from the Northern Sharon Valley

Breve description d'un groupe de lampe a huile du Premier Age du Fer provenant du nord de la vallee de Sharon