Cereal Group Research Articles

Refugee and immigrants’ food consumption, housing and sociodemographic characteristics in southern Brazil

ObjectiveTo describe the food consumption of immigrants and refugees in a city in southern Brazil and evaluate the associations with sociodemographic and housing characteristics.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study with users of an association specialized in assisting refugees and immigrants in Porto Alegre-RS. Individuals aged 18 or over of both sexes with an understanding of Portuguese were included. An online questionnaire with sociodemographic, housing, and food characteristics was available to service users, and data analysis was performed using SPSS, considering p < 0.05.ResultsThe study included 68 individuals, predominantly women (76.5%) with a mean age of 34.39 (± 8.9) years and mainly from Venezuela. The food group most frequently consumed daily was the cereal group. Groups such as legumes and vegetables, meat and eggs, biscuits, and cold meats presented a higher weekly consumption frequency. Fruit, Brazil nuts and walnuts, dairy products, regular soda, ready-made desserts, frozen ready-made meals, and fried foods had the highest monthly consumption. There was an association between the consumption of fried foods and sex, cereal consumption and self-declared color, the consumption of biscuits, chocolate drinks, schooling, and cold meats consumption and age.ConclusionIn this study we observed that men consumed more fried foods than women and low education level was associated with the frequent consumption of biscuits, chocolate drinks, ham, salami or mortadella and ready-made meals. This study allowed us to investigate the profile and diet of people among refugees and immigrants in the South of Brazil since most of the data on food consumption of this type of population are from the North, and these regions are different in relation to socioeconomic characteristics. It is essential to become aware of the health and food situation of this population group to assist in the acculturation process and ensure adequate reception.

HEALTH PROMISING NUTRITIONAL MILLETS (KSHUDRA DHANYA) FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND ITS MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: AN EV-IDENCE-BASED OVERVIEW.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide in today's era along with rising risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, malnutrition, etc. Acharyas treats Diet as 'Mahabhaishajya' (the superior medicine). Shuka Dhanya Varga (group of Cereals) is reviewed for their properties for Santarpanottha (allevia-tion of heart diseases by excessively nourishing bodily tissues), heart diseases, and other modified risk factors. This review aims to concisely outline the nutritional essentials and therapeutic characteristics of millets for car-diovascular diseases and the alteration of risk factors associated with heart health. In this review, we have tried to summarize the essential nutrition and therapeutic properties of millets for cardiovascular diseases and modi-fied risk factors for heart diseases. Millets offer numerous health benefits, including the reduction of cardiovas-cular disease and its associated risk factors contributing to mortality. Millets serve as a great source of essential nutrients and trace elements, playing a pivotal role as catalysts in supporting the optimal functioning of the car-diovascular system. Moreover, trace elements provided by millets help the cardiovascular system primarily function as catalysts and are a good source. This comprehensive review draws from various authentic sources, including Ayurvedic texts, medical books, and published articles from reputable scientific sources like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Sci-ence Direct. This article reviews the various authentic sources from Ayurveda texts, medical books, and pub-lished articles from scientific sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, etc. The primary focus of this review is extensive research on the benefits of nutrition, the balance of Ayurvedic Doshas (fundamental elements), and a comprehensive evaluation of therapeutic properties. Essentially, the principles are adopted from value-added research of nutritional benefits and research along with Ayurveda dosha balancing and centred re-view of therapeutic properties. The evidence-based review of research shows that Kshudra Dhanya (millets) have been proven for anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-dyslipidemia properties.

Examining Patterns and Trends of Household Food Consumption of in the City of Ati (Chad)

Households in Ati face high food consumption costs which determine different states of food and nutritional security. This study was carried out with the aim of analyzing household food consumption in order to contribute to better knowledge of the food and nutritional situation and to inform stakeholders working in the field of food security so that they can better guide their intervention strategies. A prospective, cross-sectional descriptive research survey was adopted for the study and was conducted from 15 April to 14 June 2022 in the city of Ati. The study involved 135 households selected in the neighborhoods of the city of Ati. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey form and then processed using Excel 2016. The food consumption score was used to reflect dietary diversity, frequency of consumption as well as household nutritional intake relative to products and food groups consumed individually. Results showed that more than a third of households (38.52%) consumed at least 3 meals per day and more than half of the households surveyed (54.07%) had 2 meals per day. The group of cereals and tubers is the most consumed by the majority of households. The results show that 30.60% of households surveyed had a poor ACS, 63.60% had a borderline ACS and 5.80% had an acceptable ACS. It emerges that 76.6% of households have low AMDS, 17.9% have average diversity and only 5.50% have good dietary diversity.

Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review and modification of the existing maximum residue levels for aluminium phosphide and magnesium phosphide.

The applicant Detia Freyberg GmbH submitted to the competent national authority in Germany two requests to evaluate the confirmatory data that were identified for tree nuts, oilseeds, cereals and commodities of animal origin in the framework of the maximum residue level (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available and two requests in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 to increase the existing MRL for the active substance aluminium phosphide in peanuts, barley, oat, rye, rice and wheat, roots of herbal infusions, cocoa beans and seed spices and for the active substance magnesium phosphide in oilseeds (except peanuts) and pistachios. The four applications were combined by EFSA under the current assessment. To address the data gaps, validation data for the method of analysis for enforcement of phosphide in high-oil content commodities and new residue trials were submitted. The data gaps on additional residue trials supporting authorisations on oilseeds and cereal grains, on clarifications regarding the discrepancies observed in the residue trial results for pistachios, and on data confirming the negligible occurrence of phosphane and its oxidation products in livestock products were considered addressed. The data gap on independent laboratory validation (ILV) and a confirmatory method for monitoring of phosphide in high-oil content commodities was considered not fully addressed. The information provided justified a lowering of the current tentative MRLs for the whole group of cereals (except rice and 'others'), an increase of the current tentative MRLs for pistachios, the whole group of oilseeds, rice and 'other' cereals, herbal infusions from roots, cocoa beans and seed spices, and a revision of the risk assessment performed for phosphane and its phosphide salts. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of AlP and Mg3P2 according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. Further risk management considerations are required.

Proizvodnja i stanje tržišta kukuruza po principima održivog razvoja

The constant pretension of people for food indicates the importance of agriculture and technology, and places them among the most important economic branches. Agriculture in the modern world ensures the general progress of society in the economic and cultural aspects and represents an economic branch that ensures the material survival of mankind. Given the fact that the world's population is growing faster and that the need for daily food is constantly increasing, it is neces sary to start as soon as possible with the implementation of sustainable methods in agricultural production at all levels. Corn, as an agricultural product, is of great importance for the sustainable development of agriculture and belongs to field wide-row crops, which belongs to the group of cereals. Cultivation of this culture is best achieved in climatic conditions, from moderate to tropical, where in the periods of the year when daily average temperatures do not fall below 15 °C, they belong to C-4 plants, which do not tolerate low temperatures. New varieties and hybrids of corn enable higher and more stable yields in different climates, which implies that the correct selection of hybrids is sustainable development, not only for the corn crop and its price as a product on the cereal market. The subject of the paper is to point out the importance of sustainable development for the corn market as an agricultural product. The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of sustainable corn production in order to create a competitive product for the foreign market, as well as the potential and advantages of Serbia for the implementation of new or corrected production technologies that are characterized by respect for the principles of sustainable development.

Influence of weather conditions on the productive potential of pasture ecosystems in the south of Russia (Based on artificially created models)

For the rational use of degraded pastures and the fight against desertification, it is necessary to apply phytomelioration of territories more widely. The most effective will be the use of communities consisting of shrubs, semi-shrubs and perennial grasses. To identify on this further, the study was conducted at the experimental sites of the Agroecology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the period from 2019 to 2022. In this study, artificially created models of long-term pasture ecosystems were utilized. In the arid conditions of the south of Russia, weather conditions had the greatest impact on the productivity of the created pasture models (share of influence is 81-85%), while the yield of dry fodder mass of the herbaceous-semi-shrub layer varied from 1.2 to 3.9 t/ha, depending on the seasonality of the pasture and the composition of the soil substrate. The highest yield of phytomass is formed on pastures created on a chernozem-like sandy loam substrate (humus horizon of chernozem-like sandy loam soil) on spring-summer pastures, the yield increase is 33% higher compared to spring-summer pastures on a light chestnut sandy substrate (a product of Aeolian processing of light chestnut soil). On all types of pastures, groups of cereals were leading in terms of biomass. Analysis of the multiple regression equation between the phytomass yield of model pastures (y3), temperature (x1) and precipitation of the warm period (x2) on pastures with a chernozem–like soil substrate showed that the multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.96 - this states a close relationship between the effective indicator and two factors. The multiple determination coefficient R2 = 0.98 means that 98% of the variation in the phytomass yield level is taken into account by the regression equation and 2% is accounted for by unaccounted factors on a light chestnut sandy substrate. The moderate correlation dependence of the yield of the fodder mass of model pastures (y3) on a plot with a light chestnut sandy substrate on the temperature in the warm period (x1), the component (r=0.52) indicates a significant effect on the yield of precipitation of the warm period (x2) with r=0.94.

Races of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) identified in Central Anatolia

Wheat is one of the most important cereal groups, with large cultivation areas in Türkiye and around the world. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is one of the biotic factors limiting the yield and quality of wheat. It is significant to determine its race/races in a region in terms of breeding studies and suggestions on varieties of wheat for farmers. This study aims to detect the stripe rust races in Central Anatolia, Türkiye. Wheat leaves with stripe rust were collected in Ankara, Eskişehir, Kırkkale, Kırşehir, and Yozgat provinces in 2020. Urediniospores for each isolate were collected from leaves, and a set of differentials containing different resistance genes was used to determine the virulence of the isolates. Inoculation was done by spraying 7-days-old seedlings, and reactions were assessed. Results showed that isolates were effective on Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, Yr24, Yr25, and Yr32 resistance genes in the entire region. Along with this phenotyping study, further studies on these isolates will be done genotypically.

Food and Nutrient Intake in Children and Adolescents with or without Overweight/Obesity.

To explore the food and nutrient characteristics of children and adolescents with or without overweight/obesity and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on overweight/obesity. This study included children and adolescents aged 6-17 years who participated in provincial nutrition surveillance which included 90 counties (cities and districts) in Zhejiang Province with a provincial representative. Food consumption was assessed using three consecutive days of 24 h dietary recall, and nutrient intake was calculated using dietary recall in conjunction with the China Food Composition Table. Overweight/obesity was also investigated. Associations were evaluated using ordinal regression models. The analysis included a total of 1827 children and adolescents. The overweight prevalence was 14.0% and the obesity prevalence was 10.1%. Children and adolescents with overweight/obesity were observed to have a higher intake of carbohydrates, iron, sodium, potassium, and magnesium (F = 3.464, 5.232, 5.619, 3.469, 3.934, p < 0.05), as well as having a higher intake of the food group of cereals, tubers and beans, snacks, and salt (F = 7.348, 6.797, 3.413, p < 0.05) compared to children and adolescents without overweight/obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders via ordinal regression models, children and adolescents with overweight/obesity were observed to have a higher intake of carbohydrates (Wald χ2 = 4.325, p < 0.05). There were significant differences concerning the daily energy provided by snacks, the daily carbohydrate intake provided by snacks, the daily sodium intake provided by snacks, and the proportion of snacks to the food group of cereals, tubers, and beans (F = 8.305 6.316, 13.955, 3.692, p < 0.05). Children and adolescents with overweight/obesity have presented a high consumption of carbohydrates, which is associated with the food group of cereals, tubers, and beans. Snacks are the main factor leading to the high intake of the food group of cereals, tubers, and beans among children and adolescents with overweight/obesity.

Determination of furan and alkylfuran in breakfast cereals from the European market and their correlation with acrylamide levels

Furan and alkylfurans are a group of contaminants formed through thermal processing. For breakfast cereals, this includes processing steps like extrusion cooking, roasting, puffing or baking. Furan was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) and, therefore, monitoring of this contaminant including other furans is of great interest. Breakfast cereals have been part of previous studies, but only few publications provided data regarding furan or alkylfuran levels in different groups of breakfast cereals. In this study, the furan and alkylfuran levels of over 70 samples have been analyzed and interpreted for 4 groups of breakfast cereals, namely flakes and cornflakes, extruded cereals, puffed grains and granolas. In this study, a solid phase microextraction method was established to extract the analytes from the headspace of the samples followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. In addition to furan, the alkylfurans 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, 2-ethylfuran and 2-pentylfuran were quantitated and levels up to 230 µg/kg furan and almost 200 µg/kg 2-pentylfuran were detected. The samples were also analyzed for acrylamide and in most cases no correlation with furan/alkylfurans was observed. Furthermore, during storage of the samples, the furan and methylfuran levels were stable but a rise of the levels of 2-ethylfuran and 2-pentylfuran was observed which is potentially linked to lipid oxidation.Graphical

Comprehensive evaluation of morphological and economically valuable traits of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) varieties

Purpose. To carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the morphological and economically valuable characteristics of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) varie­ties. Methods. Common buckwheat varieties of the State University of Agriculture and Engineering in Podillia were studied. The analysis of their quantitative, qualitative and pseudo-qualitative characteristics and economically valuable traits was carried out in accordance with “Methods of examination of plant varieties of the group of cereals, grains and legumes for suitability for distribution in Ukraine” and “Metho­dology of examination of varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Methodology for the examination of plant varie­ties of the legume and cereal groups for distinctness, uniformity and stability”. Field trials were carried out in 2021–2022 on the experimental field of the Scientific Research Center “Podillia” of the State University of Agriculture and Enginee­ring in Podillia. Research methods: field, laboratory, statistical and analytical. In order to identify plant varieties, a morphological description of their vegetative and generative organs was carried out (method of visual assessment of phenotype). Results. Common buckwheat varieties of domestic breeding were identified by morphological characteristics. For the field inspection of its seed crops, the morphological code formula of the variety was established and published in the official publication. Conclusions. Obtaining valuable, highly productive biotypes, as well as competitive varieties recommended for production and used in breeding practice, which reple­nish the fund of national plant resources, is possible thanks to their comprehensive evaluation at all stages of the breeding process. The table for the identification of candidate varie­ties of common buckwheat has been improved in the part of the list of morphological characteristics, the developed code formulas of which have practical application in the field inspection of seed crops.

An analytical study of the status of the food gap for the main food commodities in Algeria during the period (2009-2020)

The study aims to present and analyze the food deficit for the most important food products in Algeria during the period 2009-2020; It concluded that Algeria recorded a deficit in the food trade balance during the study period because it imported most basic food products, whose world prices reached record prices, while it exports a very limited number of food products; The food deficit fluctuated during the study period, but it had a tendency to increase, reaching an average of 6502.52 million dollar. The largest fooddeficit suffered by Algeria is related to the group of cereals, with an average rate of 42.93%, of which wheat and flour contribute the largest percentage, estimated at 26.73%. Next comes the group of dairy products and its products with an average rate estimated at 19.39%, in which the milk product contributed the largest percentage 16.99%, the group of oils and fats 12.59%, the corn 12.67% and sugar 9.2%.These are widely consumed products, then red meat comes with 3.05%, total legumes 3.42%, total fruits 2.59%, barley1.98%, rice 1.07%, total vegetables 0.71%, fish 0.74%, eggs 0.03%. A situation that requires intensified efforts. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development

Gluten-Free Products: Do We Need to Update Our Knowledge?

The gluten-free (GF) food market has been growing exponentially in recent years. However, GF products could contribute to imbalanced diets. The main objective of the present work was to perform a temporal nutritional comparison of GF foods over the last nine years. At the same time, the nutritional compositions of 104 GF products currently marketed in Spain were assessed and compared with their gluten-containing counterparts. Diets including GF products and the equivalent diets with homologous products with gluten were compared as well, the subjects being 25 adult celiac patients. A comparison of GF products (GFPs) in 2013 and 2022 showed nutritional differences in the groups of cookies, breakfast cereals, doughs/puff pastries/pizzas, and breads. The pasta group stands out from the rest due to an important decrease in energy, protein, simple carbohydrates, saturated lipids, dietary fiber, and salt. Comparing GF and gluten-containing homologous products in 2022, the major differences were found in protein and salt. Accordingly, GFPs lead to a diet lower in protein and higher in carbohydrates. Despite improvements in the formulation of GF products in recent years, their macronutrient profile maintains marked variation, and they cannot be considered nutritionally equivalent to their gluten-containing counterparts.

Isolasi Protein Jewawut (Setaria Italica L) Dengan Metode Kjeldahl

Consumption of staple foods of the community at this time depends on rice. Barley belongs to the cereal group which contains carbohydrates and protein which is not inferior to white rice or brown rice so that it has the potential to be applied to the food industry. Isolation of protein with pH variation to precipitate protein at its isoelectric point and observe the effect of pH on protein solubility. The Kjeldahl method is used to indirectly analyze crude protein levels in foodstuffs. Knowing the yield of protein isolate, N total protein before isolation and after isolation and crude fiber of barley seeds found in the Lambanan area, Balanipa District, Polman Regency, West Sulawesi. The research was carried out at the Makassar Health Center Laboratory and Post-Harvest Laboratories, Faculty of Agriculture, Indonesian Christian University, Toraja January – February 2022, the data obtained were presented in a quantitative descriptive manner by doing three replications. The highest protein isolate yield was at pH 12, which was 64.06%, the highest protein isolate content was at pH 11, which was 20.72%, and the crude fiber content of barley seeds was 1.51%.

Food Products with the Child-Targeted Packaging in Food Stores around Primary Schools in Tehran, Iran.

The local retail food environment around schools can have an important role in encouraging children to low-quality food choices; and may act as a potential risk factor in their diet. Thus, evaluating the food environment is essential for adopting policies and programs that support healthy nutrition in children. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and nutritional characteristics of packaged processed/ultra-processed food and beverage products with child-oriented marketing attributes in food stores around primary schools in Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 food stores located within a 500-meter buffer around 64 primary schools in Tehran province. The presence of marketing strategies directed at children and nutrition information from traffic light labels of packaged foods available in these stores were extracted. Data were analyzed overall and separately for the subset of foods placed on front shelves at the entrance of stores. Among 445 discrete food products marketed to children via their packaging, 198 (44.49%) were placed on shelves in front of the stores entrance. Potato chips and bulky cereals group had the highest energy density (507.15 ± 44.05 Kcal/100gr). Due to the color code of traffic light labels, 100% of fruit juices had high levels of sugar. Of potato chips and bulky cereals, 89.38% were assigned a red color traffic light for total fat levels. Moreover, 62.50% of processed fruit and vegetables contained high levels of salt. The level of trans-fatty acids were not high in any of the food products. The high amount of sugar, salt, and fat in a remarkable proportion of food products marketed to children can be considered a risk factor for children's health. Initiation and implementation of appropriate policies to control the food environment around schools in Iran is recommended.

Crop manuring on the Beauce plateau (France) during the second iron age

The studied area on the Beauce plateau (France) was densely inhabited during the Iron Age and several archaeological excavations have enriched our knowledge of agrarian systems during this period. This study investigates fertilisation management between 400 and 80 BCE focusing on numerous crop storage remains from three neighbouring farms. We sampled 18 cereal groups with 50 grains to conduct stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses commonly used for reconstructing past agricultural practices, in particular δ15N as a proxy for manuring.The δ15N values range between 1.3‰ and 7.6‰, with an increase over time from 3.2‰ to 5.6‰ (mean by occupation phase), reflecting a continuous use of manure, consistent with the dynamism of agricultural activities during the Second Iron Age. All three farms seem to have applied the same manuring strategies. Barley and emmer may have been manured more often than free-threshing wheats, even when free-threshing wheats are the dominant crop. This contrasts with the neighbouring Ile-de-France region and indicates diversity in agropastoral systems between regions. The analysis of several grain groups from the same silo shows diversified δ15N values between crops, reflecting various manuring rates: some fields were fertilised while others were less so. This is consistent with the description of a large-scale farming system, with a large cultivated area and a mosaic landscape.

Association between sleep indicators and eating habits in adolescents

Objective: To analyze the association between sleep quality indicators and eating habits in adolescents. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with adolescents (age 10-19 years) followed up at the Adolescent Outpatient Clinic. Anthropometric and body composition parameters, sleep quality indicators, and eating behavior were evaluated. Body composition was measured using electrical bioimpedance. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), excessive daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), eating behavior was assessed by the Brazilian Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Linear regression analyses were used to verify the association between outcome and independent variables. Results: Thirty-five adolescents (mean age 12.9 ± 2.0 years old) were evaluated. There was a significant association between BMI and daytime sleepiness (p=0.010), fat mass (%), and sleep quality (p=0.046) while drinking at least 5 glasses of water was associated with sleep efficiency (p=0.029). Adjusted linear regression showed that BMI (β= -0.364; p=0.001) and age (β= -0.30; p&lt;0.001) were negatively associated with hours of sleep, whereas blood pressure (β= 0.196; p&lt;0.001) and the frequency of consumption of the group of cereals, tubers, and pasta (β=1.451; p&lt;0.001) were positively associated. Conclusion: Adolescents with a higher % fat mass and BMI showed worse sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Drinking at least five glasses of water can improve sleep efficiency. The consumption of cereals, tubers, and pasta, can contribute to longer sleep duration.

A Novel Approach of Ayurveda Towards the Understanding of Shookdhanya Varga (Cereals) and Their Fundamental Characteristics and Health Benefits: A Critical Study

In order to achieve the healthy life, it is important to follow the first principal of Ayurveda which is Ahara (diet). The importance of Ahara in life is described by Acharaya charak in classical texts, where every aspect of Ahara including its regular intake, different categories has been elaborated aptly. In Charak samhita, Acharya has classified the Ahara in 12 different categories. Among these, Shookdhanya (cereals) is first one. Shashtika (rice) Vrihi (rice), Yava (barley), Godhum (wheat) are categorized under Shookdhanya (cereals). The food of these groups has similar pharmacological properties with Madhur rasa (sweet in taste), Madhur vipak (sweet after digestion) and Vata kaphahar action. According to modern science Shook dhanya dravya are included in monocotyledon and energy giving food. Energy giving food mainly includes cereal groups like wheat, rice, maize (corn), oats, Jowar, Ragi, and Bajra. Here an attempt has been made to study the fundamental characteristics and health benefits of the class of cereals (Shookadhanya group of Ahara).

The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health.

Celiac disease or gluten-dependent enteropathy is a chronic autoimmune pathology triggered by dietary gluten in genetic predisposed individuals, mediated by transglutaminase 2 IgA autoantibodies and associated with a deteriorating immune and inflammatory response. This leads to intestinal villous atrophy, impairing the intestinal mucosa structure and function of secretion, digestion, and absorption. The result is macro- and micronutrient deficiency, including fat soluble vitamins and minerals, and a consequent nutritional status depletion. A lifelong gluten-free diet is the only available treatment for celiac patients in order to assure normal intestinal mucosa and remission of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, a gluten-free diet can itself cause other nutritional deficiencies due to its restrictive nature regarding gluten-containing cereals. A group of gluten-free cereals, known as pseudocereals, is increasingly recognized as valuable options for gluten-free diets due to their high nutritional value. Amaranth, quinoa, millet, and buckwheat are examples of gluten-free nutrient-dense grains that can be used as alternatives to the conventional gluten-containing grains and improve the variety and nutritional quality of the celiac diet. Current work reviews the nutritional pitfalls of a gluten-free diet and analyses how pseudocereals can contribute to revert those deficiencies and optimize the nutritional value of this mandatory diet for the celiac population.

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ В ТИПОВОМ СЕВООБОРОТЕ ПРИ ОРОШЕНИИ В ПОВОЛЖЬЕ

Purpose: to study the efficiency of land use agrotechnical methods application on long-term irrigated lands in a grain-forage crop rotation typical for Volga region. Materials and methods. Field experiments to assess the efficiency of agrotechnical measures in agricultural crops cultivation were carried out in the pilot production plant of Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation on dark chestnut medium loamy long-term irrigated soils for a seven-field grain fodder crop rotation typical for Volga region with a total area of 350 hectares. Efficiency calculations were made using technological maps of cultivation of each crop of the crop rotation, established production rates and prices for technological operations, as well as calculating the actual costs of carrying out these works. Results. A comprehensive assessment of the economic efficiency of agrotechnical measures for crop rotation on long-term irrigated lands showed that agrotechnical measures had a positive impact on productivity of main agricultural crops. The most profitable in the studied crop rotation should be considered the production of fodder crops: fodder mixture for silage (sorghum + soybean + sudanese grass + sunflower) with a net income of 76.9 thousand rubles per 1 ha, alfalfa for green fodder and hay (73.9 and 73.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively). In the group of cereals and legumes, the most profitable commercial crop is soybean, the net income from the production of which amounted to 23.3 thousand rubles/ha. Conclusions. The final comprehensive assessment of the cultivation of agricultural crops in a grain-fodder crop rotation with long-term irrigation confirmed the high efficiency of using the optimal combination of agrotechnical measures to maintain soil fertility and crop rotation productivity.

Dynamics of nutritional food consumption and expenditure patterns of Central Java population as welfare indicators to achieve sustainable development goals

This study aims to determine Central Java population welfare dynamics by looking at the pattern of expenditure and the nutritional and food consumption level. The data used is data on the expenditure and consumption of the Central Java population in 2016–2020. The data analysis method used is descriptive analytical. The study of expenditure patterns shows that during the period 2016–2020, the Central Java population welfare is increasing. Still, the population of rural areas is less prosperous than the population of urban areas. The welfare increase is also shown by decreasing the cereals group consumption. The analysis of the nutritional consumption level indicates that the energy and protein consumption level tend to increase during 2016–2020. The level of energy consumption is categorized as sufficient, and protein consumption level is categorized as good. In rural areas, energy consumption and energy consumption are higher than in urban areas; conversely, protein consumption and protein consumption in urban areas are higher than in rural areas.