American Groups Research Articles

Review: Photofascism: Photography, Film, and Exhibition Culture in 1930s Germany and Italy, by Vanessa Rocco

Book Review| December 01 2022 Review: Photofascism: Photography, Film, and Exhibition Culture in 1930s Germany and Italy, by Vanessa Rocco Photofascism: Photography, Film, and Exhibition Culture in 1930s Germany and Italy by Vanessa Rocco. Bloomsbury (sb 2022) 216 pp. $31.45, ISBN 1350284246; (hb 2020) 210 pp. $99.00, ISBN 1501347063. Maud Lavin Maud Lavin Maud Lavin is professor emerita at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and a Guggenheim Fellow. Her most recent book, co-edited with Ling Yang and Jing Jamie Zhao, Boys’ Love, Cosplay, and Androgynous Idols, was nominated for a Lambda award. An earlier book, Cut with the Kitchen Knife: The Weimar Photomontages of Hannah Höch (1993), was named a New York Times Notable Book. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (2022) 49 (4): 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2022.49.4.59 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Maud Lavin; Review: Photofascism: Photography, Film, and Exhibition Culture in 1930s Germany and Italy, by Vanessa Rocco. Afterimage 1 December 2022; 49 (4): 59–63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2022.49.4.59 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search Fascism is an art built on propaganda as well as economically reactionary policies. In the 1920s, ’30s, and early ’40s in Europe, in its rise, rootedness, growth, and continuance as a political system, fascism grew as a radical allegiance to ultranationalism, to racism including antisemitism, and to dictatorship. It has since been copied and updated in extreme right-wing movements in Europe and the United States, movements that announce their historical ties to the original fascists either indirectly through dog whistles (Trumpism, specifically with Donald Trump’s praising of such American groups as the Proud Boys) or directly with, say, Nazi emblems (neo-Nazis in Germany, even though these emblems are illegal for public display). The term also applies to genocidal dictators such as Vladimir Putin. The art of fascist propaganda has fed, and still does feed, adherence to fascist beliefs such as white superiority. Although modes of production and dissemination, most meaningfully... You do not currently have access to this content.

A geographical analysis of the dendroflora of Cheboksary in the greening system of the city

The paper presents the results of the geographical analysis of the dendroflora of Cheboksary. The landscaping system of Cheboksary is represented mainly by woody vegetation, which grows in public areas, in limited-use plantings, as well as along the streets and main highways of Cheboksary. Woody vegetation is represented by 73 species, which, according to the generally accepted systematics of plants, belong to 43 genera and 20 families. The geographical analysis of the dendroflora of Cheboksary is based on archaeological data from various reports. In the dendroflora of Cheboksary, 7 groups of the area have been identified, depending on their natural distribution: 1) aboriginal group, 2) cultural group, 3) hybrid group, 4) North American group, 5) East Asian group, 6) Mediterranean group, 7) European group. The dendroflora of Cheboksary is dominated by introducents, which account for 44 species. The most numerous of the introducers is the East Asian group, which makes up 41% of the total, the North American and European groups 25% each, the Mediterranean group 9%. The geographical composition of the dendroflora, depending on the element of the system of green spaces, showed that the largest number of introducers were identified in public plantings, which were represented by 40 species of trees and shrubs, in limiteduse plantings 29 species, along streets and main roads 28 species. The analysis of the dendroflora by the ratio of hygromorphs has revealed that mesophytes predominate in the dendroflora of Cheboksary 54,7%, xerophytes 17,8%, mesoxerophytes 12,3%.

TSPO gene polymorphism in Korean population

AbstractBackground18‐kDA translocator protein (TSPO protein) expression increases in neuroinflammation. Specific ligands that binds to TSPO protein can be used to visualize neuroinflammation. Due to the reported dependency of binding properties of the second‐generation TSPO ligands on a genetic polymorphism of the TSPO gene, all individuals were genotyped and classified as low‐, medium‐, or high‐affinity binder (LAB, MAB, and HAB). The objective of this study is to investigate the rs6971 gene polymorphism in Korean population.MethodWe performed genetic testing in 109 subjects including Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive decline, Lewy body disease, subcortical vascular dementia, and cognitively unimpaired participants. All of them performed MRI and detailed neuropsychological test. 29 participants also took 18F‐DPA714 PET. Exon 4 of the TSPO gene containing the polymorphism rs6971 (Ala or Thr at position 147) as well as exon/intron junctions were PCR amplified and sequenced using Sanger method. The identified rs6971 genotypes (C/C, C/T, or T/T) code for the amino acids Ala/ Ala, Ala/Thr, or Thr/Thr at position 147 of the TSPO protein and were considered to generate a high‐, medium‐, or low‐affinity binding phenotype, respectively.ResultWe found 96.3% of the study subjects were HAB (105 out of 109 subjects), and 3.7% of the subjects were MAB (4 out of 109 subjects). There was no participant who was LAB. From HapMap data allele frequency, American group had 69.2%of HABs, 28% of MABs, and 2.8% of LABs. In African group, 67.4% was HABs, 29.4% was MABs, and 3.2% was LABs. In Asian group, 96.9% was HABs, 6.1% was MABs, and 0.1% was LABs. In Europe group, 45.7% was HABs, 43.8% was MABs, and 10.5% was LABs.ConclusionKorean population had lesser frequency of MABs and LABs like other Asian population. Therefore, availability of second‐generation TSPO PET related to rs6971 gene polymorphism would be lesser affected.

თანამედროვე მონეტარული თეორიის შესახებ

თანამედროვე მონეტარული თეორიის შესახებ

Plant-based dietary patterns defined by a priori indices and colorectal cancer risk by sex and race/ethnicity: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

BackgroundPlant-based diets assessed by a priori indices are associated with health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between pre-defined indices of plant-based diets and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated whether the association varies by sex, race and ethnicity, and anatomic subsite of tumors.MethodsA total of 79,952 men and 93,475 women who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study were included. Primary outcome was incidence of invasive CRC. Cox models were used to estimate the risk of CRC across quintiles of three plant-based diet scores: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI).ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, 4976 incident CRC were identified. Among men, multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quintiles was 0.77 (0.67–0.88) for PDI, and 0.80 (0.70–0.91) for hPDI, while no significant association was found for uPDI among men and for all indices among women. In men, the inverse association for PDI was stronger in Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White groups than African American or Latino group (P for heterogeneity = 0.01) and for left colon and rectal tumors than right tumors (P for heterogeneity = 0.005), whereas the decreased risk with hPDI was found consistently across racial and ethnic groups and subsites.ConclusionsGreater adherence to plant-based diets rich in healthy plant foods and low in less healthy plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of CRC in men, but not in women. The strength of the association among men may vary by race and ethnicity and anatomic subsite of tumors.

Current Treatments of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Amygdala Ablation as a Potential Cutting-Edge Therapy in Its Refractory Cases.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)is a very common psychiatric disorder occurring in an individual of any age, gender, or racewho underwent trauma, with women being twice more at risk than men. It is generally seen more in American Indians, United States Latinos, and African American ethnic groups. A patient is diagnosed with PTSD if the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, changes in cognition and emotions, arousal, and mood reactivity changes persist for more than a month and cause the individual severe difficulty in their everyday cognitive and psychological functioning. The psychological treatment includes numerous therapies including trauma-focused therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and non-trauma-focused therapies such as relaxation techniques, interpersonal therapy, and mindfulness. Various pharmacological measures have also been tried with mixed results such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, adrenergic drugs, atypical antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers like lithium and valproate. As numerous studies have proven, PTSD is linked with right-side stimulation of the amygdala. The purpose of this article is to highlight the use of extremely selective laser ablation of the amygdala-hippocampal unit as a successful surgical intervention for medically unresponsive PTSD and as a revolutionary solution and prospective cutting-edge therapy in the near future.

The Future of Group Therapy Is Bright!

ABSTRACT The American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) hosts the Anne and Ramon Alonso Plenary Address each year at its annual conference. In the 2022 plenary address, AGPA’s newly elected president, Dr Gary Burlingame, discusses his identity formation as a person, therapist, and group researcher and highlights several reasons why the future of group therapy is bright. These reasons include (1) solid scientific evidence for group therapy effectiveness, (2) strong scientific evidence for format equivalence, (3) links between evidence-based group factors and client improvement, (4) evidence-based support for multicultural competence, (5) AGPA progress in supporting the clinical practice of group, and (6) increasing public and professional exposure of groups. Dr Burlingame closes the address with a call to renew AGPA’s commitment to community and the power of relationship.

Relationship between Asymmetries and Functional Autonomy in Older Chilean Adults.

The objectives of this study were: (a) to determine asymmetries, both lower limb (LL) and upper limb (UL), in Chilean older adults, and (b) to relate asymmetries to FA in both LL and UL. Forty-one older adults voluntarily participated in this study (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age 72.0 ± 8.0 years, LL asymmetries 13.78 ± 14.87%, UL asymmetries 10.70 ± 8.85%, FA 40.35 ± 16.26 points). The variables were: (1) asymmetries of LL and UL, assessed through a force platform and handgrip, respectively; (2) FA, assessed through the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) and the GDLAM index of autonomy (GI) protocol. The relationship between the variables was performed through Spearman's correlation. The analysis showed that 39% of the participants presented asymmetries above 15% in the LL. Likewise, this 39% of older adults presented a lower FA than their peers with asymmetries below 15% in the LL (≤15%: 35.64 ± 12.26 points vs. >15%: 47.69 ± 19.23 points, p = 0.003). The analysis showed a small correlation between LL and GI asymmetries (r = 0.27, p = 0.07) and a small but negative correlation between UL and GI (r = -0.21). The mean values of asymmetries of both LL and UL are within 'normal' parameters. However, several older adults were identified as being at risk. In parallel, older adults who presented a higher level of asymmetries in LL showed a lower level of FA.

Comparing linguistic and cultural explanations for visual search strategies

Abstract Visual search studies have shown that East Asians rely more on information gathered through their extrafoveal (i.e., peripheral) vision than do Western Caucasians, who tend to rely more on information gathered using their foveal (i.e., central) vision. However, the reasons for this remain unclear. Cognitive linguists suggest that the difference is attributable linguistic variation, while cultural psychologists contend it is due to cultural factors. The current study used eye-tracking data collected during a visual search task to compare these explanations by leveraging a semantic difference against a cultural difference to determine which view best explained strategies used on the task. The task was administered to Chinese, American, and Japanese participants with a primary focus on the Chinese participants’ behaviors since the semantic difference aligned the Chinese participants with the Americans, while their cultural affiliation aligned them with the Japanese participants. The results indicated that the Chinese group aligned more closely with the American group on most measures, suggesting that semantic differences were more important than cultural affiliation on this particular task. However, there were some results that could not be accounted for by the semantic differences, suggesting that linguistic and cultural factors might affect visual search strategies concurrently.

Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in US Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2014.

Background Cardiovascular health (CVH) is suboptimal in US adolescents. Social determinants of health (SDOH) may affect CVH. We examined SDOH by race and ethnicity and assessed for associations between SDOH and CVH among US adolescents. Methods and Results We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 3590 participants aged 12 to 19 years from 1999 to 2014. SDOH variables were chosen and an SDOH score assigned (range, 0-7 points; higher=more favorable). CVH was classified according to American Heart Association criteria. We estimated population prevalence and used multivariable linear and polytomous logistic regression for associations between SDOH and CVH. SDOH varied by group, with the non-Hispanic White group (n=1155) having a higher/better mean SDOH score compared with non-Hispanic Black (n=1223) and Mexican American groups (n=1212). Associations between SDOH and CVH differed between racial and ethnic groups (interaction P<0.0001). For the non-Hispanic White group, each additional favorable SDOH variable was associated with a CVH score higher/better by 0.3 points (β, 0.3, P<0.0001), 20% higher odds for moderate (versus low) CVH (odds ratio [OR], 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.4]), and 80% higher odds for high/favorable (versus low) CVH (1.8 [1.5-2.1]). Associations between SDOH and CVH were more modest among the Mexican American group (β, 0.12, P=0.001; OR 1.1 [1.0-1.2] for moderate CVH; OR, 1.3 [1.1-1.6] for high CVH) and were not significant among the non-Hispanic Black group (β, 0.07; P=0.464). Conclusions SDOH and CVH were more favorable for non-Hispanic White adolescents compared with non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American adolescents. SDOH were strongly associated with CVH among the non-Hispanic White group. Racially and culturally sensitive public policy approaches may improve CVH in US adolescents.

A Study of Paradigms and Theoretical Key Words of Asian American Literary Criticism

A Study of Paradigms and Theoretical Key Words of Asian American Literary Criticism

Abstract 15758: Association of Socioeconomic, Racial, and Regional Factors in In-Hospital Mortality Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients in the United States: A National Analysis of 2.8 Million Admissions

Background: Socioeconomic, racial, and regional disparities have been associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with coronary disease. We evaluated the association of income, race, and geographic variation and in-hospital mortality among acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admissions in the United States. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2015 to 2019. A multi-level logistic regression model was used (with sampling weights) to investigate the association between in-hospital mortality and income quartiles by patient’s ZIP code, race, and hospital regions, while adjusting for hospital clustering, lifestyle factors, clinical history, and hospital-level factors. Results: A total of 2,798,225 hospitalizations (≥18 years) with a principal diagnosis of AMI were identified. In multivariable analysis, compared with the highest income quartile, residents in the lowest income quartile (OR=1.10 [1.08–1.13] P &lt;0.001) or second lowest income quartile (OR=1.07 [1.05–1.09] P &lt;0.001) had higher odds of in-hospital mortality. Compared with those identifying as White, Black (OR=0.89 [0.87–0.91] P &lt;0.001) and Hispanic (OR=0.91 [0.88–0.93] P &lt;0.001) groups had lower odds of mortality, while Asian or Pacific Islander (OR=1.07 [1.03–1.11] P &lt;0.001), Native American (OR=1.11 [1.02–1.21] P &lt;0.05), and Unspecified groups (OR=1.09 [1.05–1.13] P &lt;0.001) had higher odds of mortality. Residents in the South had higher mortality than those in the Northeast (OR=1.06 [1.00–1.12] P &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our large contemporary study shows that lowest income residents, Whites, Asian or Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans and residents of South had higher in-hospital mortality compared with highest income residents, Blacks and Hispanics, and residents in the Northeast. Additional studies are needed to better understand the complex mechanisms that underpin disparities in outcomes among AMI patients.

Abstract 15233: Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Nonrheumatic Valvular Heart Disease in Patients With Elevated Lipoprotein(a): A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Higher Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels are known to be associated with increased risk of ASCVD. However, the effect of elevated Lp(a) on other cardiovascular (CV) diseases is largely unknown. We sought to identify whether Lp(a) level might be a risk factor for non-atherosclerotic CV conditions. Methods: Using data from the Healthy Nevada Project (HNP), a population genetic study based in Northern Nevada with &gt;52,000 participants, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all participants with recorded Lp(a) levels. An exploratory analysis was performed examining associations between elevated Lp(a) levels and various CV conditions based on ICD 10 codes. Elevated Lp(a) was defined as &gt;50 mg/dl or &gt;125 nmol/L. We examined ICD 10 codes related to venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease and non-rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD). A Fisher’s Exact Test was performed to assess the significance of these associations. Results: Out of 4,010 HNP participants (age: 62±30; 42.7% female) with an Lp(a) result, 881 had elevated Lp(a), with incidence ~7% higher (~30% vs. ~23%) in Black, Pacific, and Native American groups. Of those with elevated Lp(a) levels, 96 (10.9%) had diagnoses (dxs) of VTE vs. 270 of 3129 (8.6%) participants with normal Lp(a) (p=0.046). Specifically, 9.76% of elevated Lp(a) participants vs. 7.51% of normal Lp(a) participants had dxs of DVT (p=0.035). No significant difference was found between elevated Lp(a) and PE. Additionally, 227 (25.8%) participants with elevated Lp(a) had VHD dxs compared to 593 (18.9%) participants from the normal Lp(a) cohort (p=0.0001). Specifically, 14.98% of elevated Lp(a) participants vs. 10.48% of normal Lp(a) participants had Aortic VHD (p=0.0003), and 14.87% of elevated Lp(a) participants vs. 10.35% normal Lp(a) participants had Mitral VHD (p=0.0003). No significant association was found between elevated Lp(a) and pulmonic or tricuspid VHD. Less novel but significant associations between elevated Lp(a) and Stroke (p=0.046) and CAD (p=0.0001) were also observed. Conclusions: In our study, elevated Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with increased risk of VTE and nonrheumatic VHD. An examination of these risks in association with germline genetic studies of ASCVD in the HNP is ongoing.

Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and vitiligo susceptibility: An updated meta-analysis.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms may play an important role in the vitiligo susceptibility. There have been many studies looking at the associations between VDR polymorphisms and vitiligo risk, but the conclusions are still up for debate. This study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the VDR are associated to the susceptibility to vitiligo. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in vitiligo patients and controls were identified using PubMed/Medline and Embase databases. The relationships between the VDR ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and TaqI polymorphisms and vitiligo were investigated using meta-analyses of all participants and Asian, Arab, European, and Latin American groups. This meta-analysis included 13 papers with 2034 patients and 2771 controls. In all individuals, there was no link between vitiligo and the VDR ApaI A allele (OR=0.889, 95% CI=0.713-1.109, p=0.298). However, in Asians (OR=0.721, 95% CI=0.553-0.940, p=0.016) but not in Europeans or Arabs, there was a link between the VDR ApaI A allele and vitiligo. Utilizing recessive, dominant, and homozygote contrast models, a link between vitiligo and the VDR ApaI polymorphism was discovered in Asians. Meta-analysis of the VDR BsmI polymorphism showed a significant association between vitiligo and the B allele (OR=0.812, 95% CI=0.686-0.961, p=0.015). In contrast, no connection between vitiligo and VDR polymorphisms was identified for TaqI and FokI polymorphisms. In the Asian population, ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms in VDR have been correlated to vitiligo susceptibility. However, TaqI and FokI polymorphisms in VDR are not associated with vitiligo susceptibility in European, Asian, Arab, and Latin American populations.

Association between serum vitamin D levels and visceral adipose tissue among adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in NHANES 2011–2015

BackgroundIn recent years, obesity and vitamin D deficiency are more prevalent among adolescents. Improving our knowledge of the link between vitamin D and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is essential for the health of adolescents. This study aimed to examine the connection between serum vitamin D levels and VAT mass among adolescents participating in the United States.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that used data from the 2011 to 2015 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The connection between serum vitamin D levels and VAT was investigated using weighted multiple linear regression models. Potential nonlinear relationships were explored using smooth curve fitting.ResultsThe analysis included 3171 adolescents aged 12–19 years. Vitamin D levels were shown to be inversely linked with VAT in the full-adjusted model (β = − 0.34, 95% CI: − 0.49 to − 0.19). When stratified analyses by gender, this negative relationship persisted in the girls’ group (β = − 0.39, 95% CI: − 0.60 to − 0.19), but not in the boys’ group (β = − 0.06, 95% CI: − 0.25 to 0.13). When stratified analysis by race, this negative relationship persisted in the Mexican American group (β = − 0.61, 95% CI: − 1.03 to − 0.19), and the non-Hispanic White group (β = − 0.27, 95% CI: − 0.54 to − 0.01), but not in the other groups.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed that serum vitamin D levels negatively correlated with VAT among adolescents in the United State, especially in girls, the Mexican American and non-Hispanic White. Further research is needed to determine whether increasing serum vitamin D levels decrease VAT among adolescents.

7676 Association between BMI and Race and Positive Pathological Confirmation of Endometriosis Lesions

<h3>Study Objective</h3> To compare the association between BMI and race and the pathologically confirmed positivity rate of endometriosis lesions. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> University teaching hospital. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> All women above 18 years-old who underwent laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis at tertiary care hospital from October 2011 to October 2020 were screened for inclusion. Patients who underwent open surgery or whose primary indication for surgery was not endometriosis were excluded. Procedures performed by non-gynecologic surgeons were also excluded. A total of 401 patients were included in the study. BMI was defined by WHO standards with race categorization obtained from previously available demographic data. <h3>Interventions</h3> N/A. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> Patients were classified as having reached or not having reached 80% positivity in pathological confirmation of endometriosis lesions. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess statistically significant differences. Among patients of white race (n=266), 74.1% reached an 80% positivity rate, compared to 70.9% and 50% in the African American and Hispanic patient groups, respectively (p=0.04). A total of 147 (36.7%) patients comprised the normal BMI subgroup, of which 68.7% reached 80% positivity rate. In comparison, the percentage of overweight and obese women who reached 80% positivity rate were 74.5% and 74.1% respectively (p=0.72). Among patients with preoperative diagnosis of adenomyosis, 68.2% had 80% or more pathological positivity rate compared 72.8% of patients without adenomyosis. (p=0.52). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this retrospective study, statistically significant racial disparities were still found in regards to pathological positivity rate for endometriosis. Future prospective studies are needed to further investigate this finding. BMI subgroups or adenomyosis diagnosis did not show any significant differences in positivity rate.

Review: Machines for Making Gods: Mormonism, Transhumanism, and Worlds Without End, by Jon Bialecki

Review: <i>Machines for Making Gods: Mormonism, Transhumanism, and Worlds Without End</i>, by Jon Bialecki

91 (PB-091) Poster - Effect of socio-economic status and acculturation on breast cancer screening in Asian American women

Background: Racial groups in the Unites States (US) have lower breast cancer (BC) screening rates than white Americans. Asian Americans groups experienced increasing incidence of BC. Data is limited on BC screening participation in this population.

Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors

This study investigated whether the associations between emotion regulation and cognitive appraisals and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differ between Asian American and European American trauma survivors. Asian American (n = 103) and European American (n = 104) trauma survivors were recruited through mTurk and completed an on-line questionnaire assessing cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and PTSD symptomatology. The European American group reported greater trauma-specific rumination, psychological inflexibility, seeking out others for comfort, and negative self-appraisals than the Asian American group. The Asian American group reported greater secondary control appraisals and cultural beliefs about adversity than the European American group. Second, cultural group moderated the associations between (a) brooding rumination, (b) fatalism, (c) self-blame, and (d) negative communal self-appraisals and PTSD symptoms. These associations were larger for the European American group than the Asian American group. Third, there was an indirect pathway from self-construal (independent and interdependent) to PTSD symptoms through certain emotion regulation approaches and cognitive appraisals. Additionally, cultural group was found to moderate several of these indirect effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural background and cultural values in understanding the processes involved in PTSD. Further research in this area is needed.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Arrest Probability Trajectories after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Model Systems Study.

Background: Previous literature has documented racial/ethnic differences in traumatic brain injury (TBI) risk, cause, treatment, and rehabilitation. The purpose of the current study was to investigate potential racial/ethnic differences in arrest probability trajectories over the first 10 years after TBI and whether injury and sociodemographic characteristics accounted for these differences. Methods: The current study included 13,195 participants with moderate-to-severe TBI in the TBI Model Systems National Database who had arrest data from at least one follow-up time point (Years 1, 2, 5, and/or 10). A series of hierarchical linear models assessed racial/ethnic differences in trajectories of arrest probability over these 10 years post-injury and then included socio-demographic and injury-related covariates. Results: White individuals with TBI had lower arrest probability trajectories than Black and Native American individuals, and Asian individuals with TBI had lower arrest probability trajectories than White, Black, Latinx, and Native American persons. In many cases, racial/ethnic disparities persisted even when injury and sociodemographic characteristics were covaried. Conclusion: These results suggest that rehabilitation clinicians should assess for post-injury arrest risk factors such as age, sex, education, pre-injury unemployment, arrest history, and substance abuse, particularly in Black, Latinx, and Native American groups, and integrate programming to lessen post-injury arrest probability and improve overall rehabilitation outcomes.