Group-level Safety Climate Research Articles

Safety climate and safety behaviors: Adapting and validating a positively worded safety climate scale through the time-lagged approach.

Contemporary literature raises serious questions about the inclusion of negatively worded items in the safety climate scale. Despite these reservations, limited efforts have been made to address this shortcoming. The present study aims to adapt and empirically validate the ten-items group-level safety climate scale with the purpose of replacing negatively worded items with positively worded ones after a thorough validation process. The present study is one of the first to propose an empirically validated group-level safety climate scale that uses positive items to measure the safety climate construct. Study 1 was conducted using a sample of 135 participants. Study 2 used a time-lagged approach to validate the scale, with a sample of 173 production workers from six oil and gas organizations in Malaysia. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to test the hypothesized relationships. In Study 1, the results of the exploratory factor analysis showed good reliability for the revised scale. In Study 2, the results of the PLS-SEM analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between safety climate and safety behaviors, thereby validating the revised and translated scale of safety climate. The revised safety climate scale will not only improve data quality, but it will also increase response rates. Additionally, the revised scale will assist managers in understanding the true perceptions of safety climate in their organization, regardless of the cultural context in which the scale is used.

The development and validation of the Chinese safety climate scale using the item-response theory approach.

To develop a valid and practical tool to measure the safety climate in China, and further raise awareness of it in Chinese industries, we developed the Chinese safety climate scale (including two subscales at the levels of organization and group separately) based on the work of Huang et al. in 2017. A descriptive survey with the convenience sampling method was conducted in Shanghai Disney Resort, China. A sample of 1,570 employees was involved in the final data analyses. The item response theory (IRT) analyses with graded response models were conducted using. The unidimensionality and local independence assumption were held. The Cronbach's α of organization- and group- level safety climate subscale was 0.912 and 0.937, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed good model fit for a one-factor model of the organization-level safety climate subscale, χ2 (df = 20) = 129.158, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.992, NFI = 0.993, IFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.059, 90% CI = (0.050, 0.069), and SRMR = 0.048. A one-factor model also fits well for the group-level safety climate subscale, χ2 (df = 44) = 219.727, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.9925, NFI = 0.995, IFI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.050, 90% CI = (0.044, 0.057), and SRMR = 0.046. Discrimination and difficulty parameters showed that all items effectively spanned the range of the latent trait and could successfully separate participants at different safety climate levels. Items in the organization-level and group-level Chinese safety climate subscales had significantly different discrimination parameters, fitted well with the models, and had a substantive relationship with the latent traits. The Chinese safety climate scale was reliable and valid overall. They can facilitate the research and survey regarding the safety climate in China.

Effects of personality on driving behaviors among professional truck drivers: The mediating effect of safety climate

Introduction: The number of traffic accidents involving truck drivers remains high, and strategies to eliminate the probability of such accidents have been proposed, among which enhancing the safety climate has attracted much interest. The main purpose of the current study was to validate the Chinese version of the safety climate scale for truck drivers and apply it to investigate the mediating effect of safety climate between truck driver personality and driving behavior. Method: A total of 389 male truck drivers completed the Big Five Inventory, the Chinese version of the trucking safety climate scale, the driver behavior questionnaire and the positive driver behavior scale. Results: The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the organization-level safety climate scale and the group-level safety climate scale were confirmed through factor analysis. More importantly, a path analysis revealed that the organization-level safety climate mediated the effects of agreeableness and neuroticism on aggressive violations, ordinary violations and lapses, while the group-level safety climate mediated the influences of agreeableness, neuroticism and openness on positive behavior and all four kinds of aberrant driving behaviors. Conclusions: This study introduced the trucking safety climate scale into China and stressed the significance of improving both the organizational and the group levels of safety climate to reduce accidents involving professional truck drivers. Practical Applications: First, the adapted safety climate scale for Chinese truck drivers contributes to further investigating the role that safety climate plays in the safety problem of truck drivers in China. Moreover, the critical impacts of both levels of the trucking safety climate serve as reminders for relevant companies to not only pay attention to establishing an organization-level safety climate but also invest more effort into promoting the group-level safety climate.

Group-Level Safety Climate in the Construction Industry: Influence of Organizational, Group, and Individual Factors

AbstractGroup-level safety climate (GSC) is a recognized leading indicator of safety performance in the literature. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms through which multileve...

“U-Turn not a Road-bump”: Adaption and Validation of Group-level Safety Climate Scale

Zohar’s (2000) scale of group-level safety-climate has extensively been employed in a number of studies. However, contemporary literature raises serious questions on the inclusion of negatively worded items in a positive construct like safety climate. Despite these reservations, limited efforts have been made to address such a shortcoming. The present study aims to adapt and empirically validate Zohar’s group level safety climate scale by converting the five negatively worded items into a positive tenner. First, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using one hundred thirty-five samples (135). The results showed good reliability of the revised scale. Subsequently, the revised scale which was also translated in Malay was then used in a time-lagged study on safety climate (T1) and safety behaviors (T2) with a sample of one hundred and seventy-three (173) production workers from six (6) oil and gas organizations operating in Malaysia. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. The results showed strong support for our hypotheses and confirmed the authenticity of our revised safety climate scale. The limitations of the study and future research directions are also discussed.

Psychometric properties and validation of the Brief NORSCI safety perceptions and climate inventory in the Norwegian waste management industry

A valid, standardized tool for assessing workplace safety can help organizations and employers to detect potential safety risks. This is crucial to improve safety and protect employees and production against accidents and injuries. As no such tool has so far been developed for the waste management industry, this study aimed to establish the psychometric properties and the concurrent validity of the 11-item Brief Norwegian Safety Climate Inventory (Brief NORSCI). A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with 543 workers from the formal Norwegian waste management industry. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Brief NORSCI exhibited good psychometric properties. Replicating previous validation studies of the inventory, the findings suggested a three-factor structure reflecting Individual intention and motivation, Management’s prioritization of safety, and Safety routines. The three first-order factors of the inventory could be combined in a composite second-order safety climate factor. Both the overall composite score and the three subscales correlated in the expected directions with measures of job characteristics (i.e., job demands and resources), leadership, social climate, and severe accidents, thus indicating high concurrent validity. This study supported the validity and reliability of the Brief NORSCI as an assessment tool to measure both individual safety perceptions and group level safety climate among waste management workers. The findings suggest that application of the Brief NORSCI as a safety assessment tool may contribute to the development of a stronger safety profile among organizations and companies in waste management.

Key drivers of trucking safety climate from the perspective of leader-member exchange: Bayesian network predictive modeling approach

PurposeSafety climate, which is defined as workers’ shared perceptions of organizational policies, procedures, and practices as they relate to the true or relative value and importance of safety within an organization, is one of the best indicators of organizational safety outcomes. This study identifies key drivers of safety climate from the perspective of leader-member exchange (LMX). LMX is a theory describing the nature and processes of social interactions between a supervisor and a subordinate. This study examines the impact of individual drivers and combinations of drivers on safety climate through Bayesian Network simulations to predict practices which most effectively improve safety climate in the trucking industry. MethodSurvey data were collected from 5083 truck drivers in a large U.S. trucking company. Bayesian Network analysis was used to identify key drivers (factors) of safety climate and the best joint strategies for improvement. The impact of the drivers on safety climate was assessed and the simulation identified their potential impact independently and in concert with other drivers. ResultsThe results from Bayesian Network analyses showed that the effects of LMX on organization- and group-level safety climate were conditionally dependent on four other drivers including psychological ownership, supervisory integrity, situation awareness, and safety communication. Among the five contributing factors, supervisory integrity and LMX had the strongest independent effects on organization- and group-level safety climate. Moreover, the results indicated that the best two joint strategies for promoting organizational (company/top management level) safety climate were LMX and psychological ownership as well as LMX and situation awareness, whereas the best two joint strategies for improving group (workgroup/supervisor level) safety climate were joint optimization of LMX and safety communication as well as LMX and psychological ownership. ImplicationsBased on the study results, the strategies that may have the most potential to improve trucking safety climate are: enhancing leaders' ability to engage in high-quality exchanges (e.g., caring about employees), developing training to encourage employees/leaders to deliver on promises, and providing employees with more autonomy to enhance their ownership.

Being Present in Enhancing Safety: Examining the Effects of Workplace Mindfulness, Safety Behaviors, and Safety Climate on Safety Outcomes

Due to the high personal and organizational costs associated with safety incidents, it is essential that we understand the trait predictors of safety behaviors which in turn impact occupational accidents and injuries. This study helps address this need by assessing the relationship between trait mindfulness and workplace injuries, as well as examining a mediating mechanism (safety behaviors) and situational moderator (safety climate) of this relationship. Using hierarchically nested data from employees within a large company in the petroleum distribution industry (N = 706 employees within 142 groups), our results suggest that trait mindfulness is related to workplace injuries, safety compliance, and safety participation and that this relationship between trait mindfulness and workplace injuries is mediated by safety compliance. Moreover, group-level safety climate moderates the effects of trait mindfulness on safety compliance and safety participation such that the best safety behavior occurs when both safety climate and trait mindfulness are high. These results indicate that trait mindfulness is an important trait predictor of safety behaviors and that it is a helpful personal resource necessary for a successful safety-focused organization.

A dual perspective on risk perception and its effect on safety behavior: A moderated mediation model of safety motivation, and supervisor’s and coworkers’ safety climate

Previous studies have acknowledged the impact of risk perception on safety behavior, but were largely controversial. This study aims to clarify this conflict and the mechanism through which risk perception can have an impact on safety behavior. From the perspective of the dual attribute of the job demand concept in job demands–resources theory, we posit that risk perception can be considered as a job hindrance or a job challenge depending on the context, thereby resulting in a negative or positive impact on safety behavior, respectively. The current research context is the construction industry and the hypotheses were tested using hierarchically nested data collected from 311 workers in 35 workgroups. Risk perception was demonstrated to be a job hindrance exerting a negative impact on safety behavior and safety motivation mediated this effect. In addition, two dimensions of group-level safety climate––supervisor’s and coworkers’––were expected to alleviate or even reverse the detrimental effects of hindrance risk perception on safety motivation and on safety behavior via motivation. A moderation model and a first-stage moderated mediation model were established, respectively, for testing the moderating roles of safety climate in the relationship between risk perception and safety motivation, and in the indirect relationship of risk perception with safety behavior via motivation. Surprisingly, contrary to the hypotheses, when supervisor’s safety climate changed from a low level to a high level, the impact of risk perception on safety motivation changed from positive to negative, and the negative effect of risk perception on safety behavior via safety motivation was not alleviated but worsened. As expected, for workers in a positive coworkers’ safety climate, the negative effect of risk perception on motivation and the indirect negative effect of risk perception on behavior were both reversed to the positive. This indicates that coworkers’ safety climate helped to change perceived risk from a job hindrance to a challenge. This research contributes to workplace risk perception and safety behavior research by theoretically viewing risk perception as a dual job hindrance–challenge concept and proposing two competing hypotheses concerning the impact of risk perception on safety behavior. The empirical investigation confirmed the hindrance attribute of risk perception in the construction context. It provides a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for future research to synthesize the conflict risk perception–safety behavior relationship. We also contribute to the literature by pointing out the potential negative role of certain supervisor safety activities such as paternalistic leadership in influencing employee safety.

Outcomes of Safety Climate in Trucking: a Longitudinal Framework

Utilizing a longitudinal approach, this study examined mechanisms explaining how safety climate is associated with truck drivers’ safety behavior and outcomes. The present study also examined the top-down process of how organization-level safety climate (i.e., top management referenced) is related to group-level safety climate (i.e., supervisor referenced). Two waves (matched N = 481) of safety climate and safety behavior data (with a 2-year interval) were obtained from a large US trucking company. Days lost due to road injuries were assessed 6 months after time 2. Autoregressive, cross-lagged, and prospective effects were examined. Safety climate scores and safety behavior were moderately stable across a 2-year period. Both organization- and group-level safety climate scores were positively associated with safety behavior. The top-down association between time 1 organization-level safety climate and time 2 group-level safety climate was supported. Safety behavior mediated the relationship between group-level safety climate and future lost days due to injury. Contrary to suggestions of some prior research, the present study shows that safety climate measures may have lasting ability to predict safety behavior/outcomes in the trucking industry. In particular, the present study supported a hierarchical model in which organization-level safety climate influences safety outcomes through its influence on group-level climate. The top-down model connotes that top management efforts to instill a strong positive safety climate to affect workers’ driving behavior operate through management’s influence on the actions of the workers’ immediate supervisor.

WORKPLACE SAFETY CLIMATE AND TURNOVER INTENTION OF NIGERIAN PRISON SERVICE OFFICERS

This study investigated workplace safety climate and turnover intention among Nigerian prison service officers. It adopted the descriptive survey research design. Three prisons were selected using convenience sampling procedure and 187 respondents were selected with the use of purposive sampling method. The formulated hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression. The results showed a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between workplace safety climate and turnover intention among Nigerian prison service officers (r=.63, p&lt;.05). Also, a statistically significant influence of workplace safety climate dimensions (organizational level and group level safety climate) on turnover intention among Nigerian prison service officers was found (F(2, 184)= 15.78, p&lt;.05), with R2 at 0.15. This posits that 15% of the variance in turnover intention is as a result of workplace safety climate dimensions (organization and group level safety climate). From these findings, it was recommended among others that, supervisors (group level safety climate) should adopt necessary practices (enlightenments and orientations on how to act safely at work) to reduce turnover intention of officers at the selected prisons.

Practical application of safety climate: A case study in the Taiwanese steel industry

The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of a Chinese version of a questionnaire designed for measuring safety climate and to connect scores with occupational accidents, using the steel industry in Taiwan as exemplar. The study used safety climate as a lagging indicator of accident records from a period of three years prior to measurement of safety climate and to investigate when the measurement expired. Results showed that group-level safety climate provides a good lagging indicator of occupational accidents. Also, the data revealed meaningful variation between different departments in a single company. This information could be applied to improve workplace safety in an efficient manner and protect employees from occupational hazards. When considering the best period of time over which to measure safety climate, results suggested one year was preferable to a longer time period.

Safety climate as a relative concept

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use a longitudinal approach to measure safety climate at construction projects, and explore the relationship between safety climate and the level of project completion in the dynamic construction project environments.Design/methodology/approachMulti-wave safety climate surveys were conducted at four processing plant construction projects in New Zealand. Safety climate was measured with a multi-level measurement instrument, which measured construction workers’ perceptions of client’s organisational safety response (COSR), principal contractor’s organisational safety response (PCOSR), supervisors’ safety response (SSR) and co-workers’ safety response (CWSR).FindingsAt the organisational level, the research identifies a general downward change trend in workers’ perceptions of COSR and PCOSR. At the group level, no clear or consistent change trend is identified between the level of project completion and workers’ perceptions of SSR and CWSR.Research limitations/implicationsThe research suggests that the construction project management should consistently emphasise the importance of safety, even when they are facing production pressure. The research highlights the opportunity to examine the role of supervisors’ leadership as an antecedent to the group-level safety climate and the development of workers’ safety concerns for their co-workers over time.Originality/valueThis research provides the starting point for understanding safety climate in the dynamic and constantly changing construction project environments, in which the relative priorities change, adverse events arise and production pressures fluctuate over time.

Individual employee’s perceptions of “ Group-level Safety Climate” (supervisor referenced) versus “ Organization-level Safety Climate” (top management referenced): Associations with safety outcomes for lone workers

Research has shown that safety climate is among the strongest predictors of safety behavior and safety outcomes in a variety of settings. Previous studies have established that safety climate is a multi-faceted construct referencing multiple levels of management within a company, most generally: the organization level (employee perceptions of top management’s commitment to and prioritization of safety) and group level (employee perceptions of direct supervisor’s commitment to and prioritization of safety). Yet, no research to date has examined the potential interaction between employees’ organization-level safety climate (OSC) and group-level safety climate (GSC) perceptions. Furthermore, prior research has mainly focused on traditional work environments in which supervisors and workers interact in the same location throughout the day. Little research has been done to examine safety climate with regard to lone workers. The present study aims to address these gaps by examining the relationships between truck drivers’ (as an example of lone workers) perceptions of OSC and GSC, both potential linear and non-linear relationships, and how these predict important safety outcomes. Participants were 8095 truck drivers from eight trucking companies in the United States with an average response rate of 44.8%. Results showed that employees’ OSC and GSC perceptions are highly correlated (r= 0.78), but notable gaps between the two were observed for some truck drivers. Uniquely, both OSC and GSC scores were found to have curvilinear relationships with safe driving behavior, and both scores were equally predictive of safe driving behavior. Results also showed the two levels of climate significantly interacted with one another to predict safety behavior such that if either the OSC or GSC scores were low, the other’s contribution to safety behavior became stronger. These findings suggest that OSC and GSC may function in a compensatory manner and promote safe driving behavior even when either OSC or GSC scores are low. The results of this study provide critical insight into the supplementary interaction between perceptions of OSC and GSC. Recommendations for future research, as well as practical recommendations for organizational intervention, are discussed.

Testing the effects of safety climate and disruptive children behavior on school bus drivers performance: A multilevel model

The study was designed to test a multilevel path model whose variables exert opposing effects on school bus drivers’ performance. Whereas departmental safety climate was expected to improve driving safety, the opposite was true for in-vehicle disruptive children behavior. The driving safety path in this model consists of increasing risk-taking practices starting with safety shortcuts leading to rule violations and to near-miss events. The study used a sample of 474 school bus drivers in rural areas, driving children to school and school-related activities. Newly developed scales for measuring predictor, mediator and outcome variables were validated with video data taken from inner and outer cameras, which were installed in 29 buses. Results partially supported the model by indicating that group-level safety climate and individual-level children distraction exerted opposite effects on the driving safety path. Furthermore, as hypothesized, children disruption moderated the strength of the safety rule violation-near miss relationship, resulting in greater strength under high disruptiveness. At the same time, the hypothesized interaction between the two predictor variables was not supported. Theoretical and practical implications for studying safety climate in general and distracted driving in particular for professional drivers are discussed.

The influence of safety-specific transformational leadership on the safety behaviors

This study examined the influence of safety-specific leadership style (transformational, passive) on safety motivation and safety behaviors. Specifically, the study examined the sequential mediating effect of group-level safety climate and autonomous safety motivations (intrinsic, identified regulation) on the relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership (SSTL) and safety behaviors (participation, compliance) by using structural equation modeling. The study also investigated the moderating effect of trust in leader on the relationship of safety-specific leadership and group-level safety climate. Survey data were gathered from 440 military personnel in the Republic of Korea Navy. Results showed that SSTL predicted both safety participation and compliance through the sequential effect of group-level safety climate and intrinsic safety motivation. However, the path to the safety participation was not significant when identified regulation safety motivation was mediated. Safety-specific passive leadership (SSPL) also predicted safety behaviors through safety climate and motivation by the identical process of SSTL, but the effect was negative. Also, on the relationship between safety climate and safety motivation, group-level safety climate had more effect on intrinsic safety motivation than identified regulation safety motivation. On the relationship between safety motivation and safety behavior, intrinsic motivation had more effect on safety participation than compliance. Trust in leader had a moderating effect on the link between SSTL and group-level safety climate. However, the moderating effect was not significant on the association between SSPL and group-level safety climate. Based on these results, the implications and directions for future research were discussed.

Supervisory interpretation of safety climate versus employee safety climate perception: Association with safety behavior and outcomes for lone workers

Research has shown that safety climate predicts safety behavior and safety outcomes in a variety of settings. Prior studies have focused on traditional work environments in which employees and supervisors work in the same location and the mechanisms through which safety climate affects behavior are largely understood. However, the nascent research examining safety climate among lone workers suggests that safety climate may have some uniqueness in this context. Based on leadership theories and utilizing an exploratory approach, this study increases our understanding of the lone worker context by examining employee perception of safety climate and supervisory interpretation of safety climate; how similar or different they are, and how they are related to important safety outcomes. Surveys were administered to a matched sample of 1831 truck drivers and their 219 supervisors at four different trucking companies. Objective data on employee injuries were collected six months after survey administration. The results provided support for the measurement equivalence of the Trucking Safety Climate Scale at the organization level for both employee and supervisor respondents. For both organization- and group-level safety climate, employee perceptions of safety climate and supervisory interpretation of safety climate were significantly different, such that supervisors provided higher ratings for both safety climate sub-scales. Further, only employee safety climate perceptions significantly predicted self-reported safety behavior (directly) and objective injury outcomes (indirectly). This suggests that when trying to gauge and improve upon a trucking company’s safety climate, we should rely on employee perspectives, rather than supervisory interpretation, of safety climate.

Development and validation of safety climate scales for mobile remote workers using utility/electrical workers as exemplar

PurposeThe objective of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a new scale designed for measuring safety climate among mobile remote workers, using utility/electrical workers as exemplar. The new scale employs perceived safety priority as the metric of safety climate and a multi-level framework, separating the measurement of organization- and group-level safety climate items into two sub-scales. The question of the emergence of shared perceptions among remote workers was also examined. MethodFor the initial survey development, several items were adopted from a generic safety climate scale and new industry-specific items were generated based on an extensive literature review, expert judgment, 15-day field observations, and 38 in-depth individual interviews with subject matter experts (i.e., utility industry electrical workers, trainers and supervisors of electrical workers). The items were revised after 45 cognitive interviews and a pre-test with 139 additional utility/electrical workers. The revised scale was subsequently implemented with a total of 2421 workers at two large US electric utility companies (1560 participants for the pilot company and 861 for the second company). Both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were adopted to finalize the items and to ensure construct validity. Reliability of the scale was tested based on Cronbach's α. Homogeneity tests examined whether utility/electrical workers’ safety climate perceptions were shared within the same supervisor group. This was followed by an analysis of the criterion-related validity, which linked the safety climate scores to self-reports of safety behavior and injury outcomes (i.e., recordable incidents, missing days due to work-related injuries, vehicle accidents, and near misses). ResultsSix dimensions (Safety pro-activity, General training, Trucks and equipment, Field orientation, Financial Investment, and Schedule flexibility) with 29 items were extracted from the EFA to measure the organization-level safety climate. Three dimensions (Supervisory care, Participation encouragement, and Safety straight talk) with 19 items were extracted to measure the group-level safety climate. Acceptable ranges of internal consistency statistics for the sub-scales were observed. Whether or not to aggregate these multi-dimensions of safety climate into a single higher-order construct (overall safety climate) was discussed. CFAs confirmed the construct validity of the developed safety climate scale for utility/electrical workers. Homogeneity tests showed that utility/electrical workers’ safety climate perceptions were shared within the same supervisor group. Both the organization- and group-level safety climate scores showed a statistically significant relationship with workers’ self-reported safety behaviors and injury outcomes. ImplicationsA valid and reliable instrument to measure the essential elements of safety climate for utility/electrical workers in the remote working situation has been introduced. The scale can provide an in-depth understanding of safety climate based on its key dimensions and show where improvements can be made at both group and organization levels. As such, it may also offer a valuable starting point for future safety interventions.

Development and validation of safety climate scales for lone workers using truck drivers as exemplar

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a new scale designed for measuring safety climate among lone workers, using truck drivers as exemplar. The new scale employs perceived safety priority as the metric of safety climate and a multilevel framework, separating the measurement of organization- and group-level safety climate. The second purpose of this study was to compare the predictive power of generic items with trucking industry-specific ones. Three dimensions for each of the two levels of safety climate were drawn from the results. The organization-level safety climate dimensions were proactive practices, driver safety priority, and supervisory care promotion. The group-level safety climate dimensions were safety promotion, delivery limits, and cell phone disapproval. Predictive validity of both generic and industry-specific items was supported, but the industry-specific items provided a stronger predictive value. Results showed that the scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the essential elements of safety climate for truck drivers in the lone working situation.

Measurement Equivalence of Trucking Industry- Specific Safety Climate Scales

Precise measurement and understanding of employees’ safety climate perception is critical in promotion of a safe environment in an organization. The current study aimed at testing measurement equivalence (ME) of trucking industry-specific safety climate scales. ME refers to whether a psychological assessment system has consistent wording, scaling, and construct scoring across different measurement conditions and consequently can measure the same attributes. For both organization- and group-level safety climate scales, ME was supported to the configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance levels. The findings suggest that the safety climate scales’ measurement structure holds consistent meaning across different trucking companies and the scale scores can be used for comparison of safety climate across different companies and safety climate interventions.