Group A1 Research Articles

CSF flow measurement in the mesencephalic aqueduct using 2D cine phase-contrast MRI in dogs with communicating internal hydrocephalus, ventriculomegaly, and physiologic ventricular spaces

BackgroundBrachycephalic dogs are overrepresented with ventricular enlargement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics are not completely understood. MRI techniques have been used for the visualization of CSF dynamics including phase-contrast imaging.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine a causality between CSF flow and ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus and to compare CSF flow dynamics among dogs with ventriculomegaly, internal hydrocephalus, and physiologic ventricles.AnimalsA total of 51 client-owned dogs were included in the study.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based FLASH sequences and phase-contrast images of the brain were obtained, and the ROI was placed at the level of the mesencephalic aqueduct. ECG monitoring was performed parallel to MRI acquisition. Evaluation of flow diagrams and processing of phase-contrast images were performed using commercially available software (Argus VA80A, Siemens AG Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany). Dogs were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of brachycephalic dogs with ventriculomegaly (group 1A) or internal hydrocephalus (group 1B), group 2 consisted of brachycephalic dogs with normal ventricles, and group 3 consisted of meso- to dolichocephalic dogs with normal ventricles.ResultsGroup 1 had a higher median Vrost (4.32 cm/s; CI: 2.94–6.33 cm/s) and Vcaud (−6.1 cm/s, CI: 3.99–9.33 cm/s) than group 2 (Vrost: 1.99 cm/s; CI 1.43–2.78 cm/s; Vcaud: 2.91 cm/s, CI: 2.01–4.21 cm/s; p = 0.008; p = 0.03) and group 3 (Vrost:1.85 cm/s, CI: 1.31–2.60 cm/s; Vcaud − 2.46 cm/s, CI 1.68–3.58 cm/s; p = 0.01; p = 0.02). The median Volcaud of group 1 (−0.23 mL/min, CI: 0.13–0.42 mL/min) was higher than that of group 2 (−0.09 mL/min, CI: 0.05 mL/min and 0.15 mL/min) (p = 0.03). Groups 1A and 1B did not differ in Vcaud, Vrost, Volcaud, and Volrost. Group 1A and 1B showed a higher median Vrost (4.01 cm/s, CI: 2.30–7.05 cm/s; 5.94 cm/s, CI: 2.16–7.88 cm/s) than group 2 (1.85 cm/s, CI: 1.24–2.80 cm/s.) (p = 0.03; p = 0.004).Conclusion and clinical importanceIncreased CSF flow velocities in rostral and caudal directions are present in dogs with ventriculomegaly and internal hydrocephalus compared to normal controls.

Uncovering Foraminiferal assemblages in Pulau Redang and the Importance of FoRAM Index Calibration for Reef Monitoring in South China Sea

To mitigate adverse effects of ocean warming on coral reef degradation, resource managers increasingly explore management and regulation of local stressors to strengthen coral resilience and recovery. Comprehensive assessments and monitoring efforts offer a holistic understanding of reef dynamic ecosystems. In this study, we documented the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages surrounding Pulau Redang, Malaysia, and assessed their potential for monitoring coral reef health using the Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring (FoRAM) Index. Undeveloped (R1–R3) and developed (R4–R6) reef sites revealed distinct differences in reef conditions. Foraminiferal distribution showed Amphistegina lessonii (14–34%) as the dominant species, followed by Calcarina hispida (21%) and Calcarina mayori (19%). The Q-mode cluster analysis classified the distribution of foraminiferal assemblages in Pulau Redang into four sub-groups based on the reef ecological conditions. Group A1 and A2, represent the foraminiferal assemblage on the undeveloped west side of the island where live coral cover was >30%. Meanwhile, Group B1 and B2 represent the assemblage found in developed coastal regions with low live coral cover (≤ 20%). Additionally, the CCA results revealed a substantial influence of substrate type on the distribution of benthic foraminifera in the reef environments of Pulau Redang. FoRAM index consistently yielded high values across the study area despite varying coral reef conditions, probably due to the prevalence of Calcarina mayori in mesotrophic reefs (R4–R6), potentially distorting FoRAM values and providing a misleading indicator of reef conditions. The Modified Foram Index (MFI), calculated by excluding calcarinids, classified R3, R4, and R6 as less conducive for reef growth, aligning better with observed reef conditions. We recommend calibrating the FoRAM Index, particularly in mesotrophic reefs where calcarinids dominate foraminiferal assemblages, to enhance its precision and reliability for coral reef health monitoring and assessment within the region.

Glass Ionomer Modified with Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals. An In Vitro Analysis Assessing Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage Scores in Deciduous Dentition

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) when bonded to deciduous dentin. Sixty primary first and second molars with class I cavitated dentinal lesions were preserved and randomly allocated into two groups based on the technique used for caries removal. Group 1 utilized the conventional approach for caries removal, while Group 2 used Carie Care™ for caries removal. Each of these groups was further divided into two subgroups based on the type of restoration received. Microleakage and failure mode assessments were performed using a stereomicroscope, while SBS testing was conducted using a universal testing machine. The SBS and microleakage scores were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test with a significance level of p=0.05. Specimens from Group 1A (conventional approach+CGIC) presented the highest scores of marginal leakage, while Group 1B (conventional approach+BCNCs-modified CGIC) demonstrated the lowest values of microleakage. Additionally, samples from Group 2B (Carie Care™+BCNCs-modified CGIC) revealed the highest bond integrity scores. The incorporation of BCNCs into CGIC had a positive impact on both shear bond strength and marginal leakage when bonded to the dentin substrate. This modification improved the performance of the glass ionomer cement, enhancing its applicability in dental restorations.

Lower cross syndrome: specific treatment protocol versus generalized treatment protocol. A randomized single-blinded trial

Introduction: Lower crossed syndrome (LCS) is a biomechanical muscle imbalance causing low back pain. Aim: This study aimed to compare specific treatment protocols versus generalized treatment protocols for managing low back pain associated with LCS. Materials and methods: This randomized, single-blinded trial involved 200 patients (aged 20-40 years) with low back pain and LCS. Patients were divided into four groups: A1 and A2 (specific protocols for posterior and anterior LCS), and B1 and B2 (generalized protocols). Interventions were administered thrice weekly for two weeks. Outcome measures included Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Lumbar Lordosis Index (LLI), abdominal and gluteal muscle strength, and iliopsoas and back extensor flexibility. Results: All groups showed significant improvements in all parameters (p<0.01). However, specific protocols demonstrated superior outcomes. Group A1 showed the greatest reductions in pain (median NPRS decrease: 5), disability (median MODQ decrease: 45), iliopsoas tightness (median decrease: 12°) and back extensor tightness (median decrease 6.5). Group A2 exhibited the highest improvements in abdominal strength (median increase: 8 kg) and gluteal muscle strength (median increase: 8 kg). Conclusion: Specific treatment protocols were significantly more effective than generalized protocols in managing low back pain associated with LCS. These findings emphasize the importance of accurate LCS classification and tailored interventions for optimal therapeutic outcomes in patients with low back pain.

Frankia [NiFe] uptake hydrogenases and genome reduction: different lineages of loss.

Uptake hydrogenase (Hup) recycles H2 formed by nitrogenase during nitrogen fixation, thereby preserving energy. Among root nodule bacteria, most rhizobial strains examined are Hup-, while only one Hup- Frankia inoculum had been identified. Previous analyses had led to the identification of two different [NiFe] hydrogenase syntons. We analysed the distribution of different types of [NiFe] hydrogenase in the genomes of different Frankia species. Our results show that Frankia strains can contain four different [NiFe] hydrogenase syntons representing groups 1f, 1h, 2a and 3b according to Søndergaard et al. (2016); no more than three types were found in any individual genome. The phylogeny of the structural proteins of groups 1f, 1h and 2a follows Frankia phylogeny; the phylogeny of the accessory proteins does not consistently. An analysis of different [NiFe] hydrogenase types in Actinomycetia shows that under the most parsimonious assumption, all four types were present in the ancestral Frankia strain. Based on Hup activities analysed and the losses of syntons in different lineages of genome reduction, we can conclude that groups 1f and 2a are involved in recycling H2 formed by nitrogenase while group 1h and group 3b are not.

Chronopharmacotherapy and correction of central pressure in the aorta, structural and functional state of the left ventricular in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke

Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of central aortic pressure and the cardioprotective effect of antihypertensive chronopharmacotherapy in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. The study included 119 patients with AH who has suffered an ischemic stroke; patients were randomized in 2 groups depending on the chronopharmacotherapy option: group 1 (n = 60) – patients who received indapamide retard 1.5 mg and valsartan 160 mg in the morning; group 2 (n = 59) – indapamide retard 1.5 mg in the morning and valsartan 80 mg each in the morning and before bedtime. After 2 months of pharmacotherapy, the achievement of the target level of blood pressure was assessed. In group 1, blood pressure was recorded in 47 (78.3 %), in group 2 – in 56 (94.9 %) patients (p < 0.05). The rest of the respondents, who did not reach the blood pressure target, underwent correction of antihypertensive therapy and were excluded from further follow-up. Accordingly, further follow-up was carried out in 47 patients of group 1 (group 1a) and 56 patients of group 2 (group 2a). Initially and after 12 months of therapy, echocardiography parameters ("ALOKA SSD 2500", Japan), as well as daily blood pressure monitoring with determination of central aortic pressure (Peter Telegin LLC BPLabVasotens, Russia) were performed. The results of the study were processed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoftInc, USA). Results. At the time of inclusion in the study, the main parameters of the central aortic pressure and echocardiography parameters in both groups of patients were equivalent. After 12 months a statistically more significant decrease in the main parameters of the central aortic pressure (average daily systolic and diastolic pressure in the aorta, pulse pressure in the aorta, augmentation index in the aorta, amplification of pulse pressure, duration of the expulsion period, subendocardial blood flow efficiency index), as well as echocardiography indicators was recorded in group 2a (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, thickness of the interventricular septum, thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricular myocardium, left ventricular myocardial mass, left ventricular myocardial mass index and ejection fraction) (p < 0.05). The left ventricular myocardial geometry normalized during therapy was recorded significantly more often in group 2a than in group 1a (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Two times a day intake of valsartan with thiazidelike diuretic in the morning facilitated more significant improvement of central aortic pressure, echocardiography parameters and as well as an improvement in the geometry of the left ventricular myocardium comparing to just morning intake.

Joint position and force senses in young female tennis players and untrained adolescents.

The aim of the study was to determine the differences between tennis players and untrained peers in the development of upper limb proprioception in 10-15-year-olds. A group of 67 girls (12.75 ± 1.46 years old), including 33 tennis players and 34 age-matched untrained controls, was divided into three age groups: A1, 10-11-years-old; A2, 12-13-years-old; and A3, 14-15-years-old. Joint position sense (JPS) and force sense (FS) were assessed by reproducing memorized target angle or torque value of three joints: glenohumeral, elbow, and radiocarpal. The JPS error for the elbow joint in group A1 was 71% and 80% higher (p < 0.01) than that in groups A2 and A3, respectively, and the performance of all tennis players was 27.5% (p = 0.01) better than that of untrained controls. For FS, proprioception of only the more demanding task tested (reproduction of 50% maximal voluntary contraction) and specific function (elbow and radiocarpal extension, and glenohumeral internal rotation) showed development with age. The error values for elbow extension (A1, A2) and the glenohumeral joint (A3) of tennis players were lower than those of age-matched controls. We conclude that the development of FS in the upper limb varied and was related to the specific functions and joints. The 10-13-year-old tennis players showed elbow extensor FS performance at the level of the older participants, while the 14-15-year-old tennis players were characterized with superior FS internal rotation performance in the glenohumeral joint.

Synthesis and Bioevaluation of New Stable Derivatives of Chrysin-8-C-Glucoside That Modulate the Antioxidant Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Human Macrophages

Background/Objectives: The beneficial effects of the flavonoid chrysin can be reduced by its poor oral bioavailability. It has been shown that chrysin-8-C-glucoside (1) has a better absorption capability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of this glucoside, as well as the respective hexa-acetate derivative 1a and the hexa-ethyl carbonate derivative 1b since the inclusion of moieties in bioactive molecules may increase or modify their biological effects. Methods: THP-1 macrophages were used to determine the viability in the presence of chrysin derivatives, and non-cytotoxic concentrations were selected. Subsequently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory mediators were examined. The involvement of chrysin derivatives with the Keap1 and Nrf2 antioxidant system was determined by docking and Western blotting studies. Results: Our data demonstrated, for the first time, that pretreatment with the three compounds caused a significant reduction in LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels, as well as in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects were related, at least in part, to the competitive molecular interactions of these phenolic compounds with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which would allow the dissociation of Nrf2 and its translocation into the nucleus and the subsequent up-regulation of hemo-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression. Conclusions: Compared to the 8-C-glucoside parent chrysin, compound 1a exhibited the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that the incorporation of an acetate group (1a) may reduce its polarity and, thus, increase membrane permeability, leading to better pharmacological activity. These findings support the potential use of these phenolic compounds as Nrf2 activators against oxidative-stress-related inflammatory diseases.

Hepatocellular Changes on Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Long Evans Male Rats upon Green Tea Administration

Background: The liver is a vital organ that serves a number of purposes in our body. It may be harmed by pollutants, substances with toxic effects, and long-term, unchecked drug use. Green tea is a well-liked beverage that has gained popularity recently and may have hepatoprotective properties. Objective: To observe the effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on paracetamol induced liver damage in Long Evans male rats. Methods: From July 1st, 2018, to June 30th, 2019, this study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka. For the purpose of the study, thirty (30) male Long Evans rats, weighing between 150 and 200 grams and 90 to 120 days old, appeared to be in good health. They were split into two groups after 14 days of acclimatization: Group A, which served as the control group, and Group B, which served as the experimental group (green tea pretreatment and paracetamol treated). Group A1 (baseline control group) and group A2 (paracetamol treated control group) comprised the subdivided control group. There were ten rats in each of these groups. For 28 days, the rats were all fed a baseline diet. The baseline control group was given normal saline (20 ml/kg/day) orally every day for 28 days in addition to their basal diet. For the final three days of the study—the 26th and 28th—the paracetamol-treated control group was given oral paracetamol at a dose of 1.5 g/kg/day. During the final three days of the study period (the 26th and 28th days), the experimental group was given oral paracetamol (1.5g/kg/day) and an ethanolic extract of green tea (500 mg/kg/day) for a total of 28 days. On day 29, every rat was sacrificed. Following the sacrifice, liver samples were taken. Hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by using standard laboratory method. Histopathology of liver was also done by using standard laboratory procedure in the department of pathology, SSMC. Version 22 of the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) for Windows was used to do the statistical analysis. The data were displayed as mean±SD. To compare the results, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni, and Chi-square tests were used, where appropriate. A p value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. Result: When compared to the baseline control group, the mean malondialdehyde concentration in the liver was significantly (p) greater in the green tea pretreatment, paracetamol treated, and control groups who received paracetamol treatment. Once more, the groups treated with green tea and paracetamol had mean malondialdehyde concentrations in their livers that were significantly (p) lower than those of the paracetamol group. Additionally, 0% of the rats in the baseline control group, 100% of the rats in the paracetamol-treated group, and 30% of the rats in the green tea-pretreated and paracetamol-treated group had abnormal histological findings of the liver. Conclusion: This study revealed that green tea has hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced liver damage in Long Evans male rats. Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2024; 12 (2): 145-152

Study of the Effects of Alfalfa Bioactive Substances and Polysaccharides on the Lactation Performance and Immune Function of Dairy Cows

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alfalfa polysaccharides on the lactation performance and immune function of dairy cows. Methods: A total of 84 healthy Holstein cows were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups, including the control Group A0, the alfalfa polysaccharide groups (AP1, AP2, AP3) and the alfalfa extract groups (AE1, AE2, AE3). Each group had three replicates and each replicate had four cows. The daily rations of the dairy cows in the AP group and the AE group were supplemented with alfalfa polysaccharide powder and alfalfa extract at concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 kg/t, those in the A0 group served as a control. Result: (1) the milk production of dairy cows in the AE groups was extremely significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that in A0 group and AP groups. The milk protein content of cows in the AP2 and AE2 groups was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that in the A0 group (2) The interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in the serum of cows in the AP2, AP3, AE2 and AE3 groups were greater than those in the A0 and AP1 groups and the IgM antibody levels in the AP group and the AE group were extremely significantly greater than those in the A0 and AP1 groups (P less than 0.01). The IgA antibody level in the serum of dairy cows in the AP2, AP3, AE2 and AE3 groups was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that in the A0, AP1 and AE1 groups. In summary, the alfalfa extract improved both the lactation performance and immunity of dairy cows, indicating comprehensive effects. Alfalfa polysaccharides at a concentration of 2 kg/t improved the immunity of dairy cows.

Risk of Late Implant Loss and Peri-Implantitis Based on Dental Implant Surfaces and Abutment Types: A Nationwide Cohort Study in the Elderly.

This nationwide population-based cohort study aimed to assess the incidence of implant complication treatments, including implant removal procedures and peri-implantitis treatments, in relation to implant surfaces and abutment types. Data from the National Health Insurance Service, covering approximately 50 million individuals, were used. Implants and abutments were categorized by codes, including surfaces such as resorbable blasting media, sandblasted large grit and acid-etched (SA) and hydroxyapatite coating, along with abutment structures (one-piece straight, two-piece straight, angled). The incidence of implant complication treatments was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression (α = 0.05). The study included 2,354,706 implants. The SA group had the lowest hazard ratio for implant removal procedures (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found in the risk of peri-implantitis treatments between implant surfaces (p = 0.0587). The risk of implant complication treatments did not differ significantly by the abutment type (p = 0.9542). The incidence rate of implant complication treatments was < 3.9 per 1000 implant-years across all groups. The SA group showed a slightly lower risk of late implant loss, whereas no significant association was found for the abutment type groups. All implant and abutment type groups showed an incidence rate of < 3.9 per 1000 implant-years for complication treatments.

Assessment of the Level of NT-proBNP in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Aged 80 Years and Older, Depending on the Presence of Heart Failure and Senile Asthenia Syndrome

Objectives. To evaluate the informativeness of the N-terminal brain-promoting natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for the diagnosis of chronic heart failure (CHF), depending on the presence of senile asthenia syndrome (SSA) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) 80 years and older.Materials and Methods. 320 patients with hypertension, depending on the presence of CHF and SSA, were divided into groups: group 1A — patients with hypertension, SSA and CHF (n=84), group 1B — patients with hypertension, SSA without CHF (n=77), group 2A — patients with hypertension, CHF without SSA (n=84), group 2B — patients with hypertension without CHF and without SSA (n=75). The CSA was identified by the questionnaire “Age is not a hindrance”. The level of NT-proBNP was determined in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay. ROC analysis was used to determine the threshold value of markers.Results. In patients with hypertension and SSA without CHF, the concentration of NT-proBNP in the blood is 2.3 times higher (p=0.003) compared with patients with hypertension without SSA and without CHF, which indicates the effect of SSA on the level of NT-proBNP. In patients with hypertension and CHF without SSA, the level of NT-proBNP is 4.3 times higher compared with patients with hypertension without SSA and without CHF (p&lt;0.001), in whom the concentration of NT-proBNP was noted below the threshold level (106.2 pg/ml). In patients with hypertension and SSA and CHF, the highest concentrations of NT-proBNP were recorded, which are 2.9 times (p&lt;0.001) higher than in “fragile” patients with hypertension without CHF and 1.5 times higher than in “strong” patients with hypertension and CHF (p&lt;0.001). A new threshold level of NT-proBNP has been calculated for the diagnosis of CHF in patients with hypertension and SSA aged 80 years and older — 365.9 pg/ml.Conclusion. For the diagnosis of CHF in patients with hypertension 80 years and older without CSA, the NT-proBNP marker is informative, since, according to the data obtained, its level did not depend on the age of the patients. When using NT-proBNP to detect CHF in patients with hypertension and SSA 80 years and older, the calculated threshold marker level (365.9 pg/ml) should be used, since in these patients the concentration of NT-proBNP is increased, regardless of the presence of CHF.

Early vascular healing after neXt-generation drug-eluting stent implantation in Patients with non-ST elevation acute Coronary syndrome: a randomized optical coherence Tomography imaging study (EXPECT).

Early vascular healing after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is associated with better outcomes and lower incidence of in-stent thrombosis. To examine vascular healing response in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) versus angiography alone. Sixty patients were randomized 1:1:1 to OCT-guided PCI with 3-month OCT follow-up (O3 group, n = 20), angiography-guided PCI with 3-month OCT follow-up (A3 group, n = 20), or angiography-guided PCI with 6-month OCT follow-up (A6 group, n = 20). The primary endpoint was the proportion of covered struts at 3- or 6-month follow-up. The proportion of covered struts in the O3 group was significantly higher than in the A3 group (95.2% vs. 92.3%, p < 0.001), but lower than in the A6 group (95.2% vs. 97.4%, p < 0.001). The O3 group had a lower proportion of incomplete strut apposition (ISA) than the A3 group (0.46% vs. 0.76%, p = 0.006), and higher than the A6 group (0.46% vs. 0.27%, p = 0.018) at follow-up. The optimal cut-off value of ISA after implantation of DES for predicting stent coverage at 3 and 6-month follow-up was 200μm and 308μm, respectively. Only one patient experienced target lesion revascularization in the A3 group during a 3-year clinical follow-up. In patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI with DES, OCT guidance achieved higher strut coverage compared with angiography guidance at 3-month follow-up. However, the difference in the strut coverage between the OCT-guided group and the angiography-guided group at 6 months indicates that the degree of endothelialization may be more time-dependent instead of invasive device guidance.

Impact of exacerbation history on future risk and treatment outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A prospective cohort study based on Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) A and B classifications.

In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of exacerbation history on future exacerbation and mortality with different inhaled drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on a Global Initiative Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) A and B classifications. This observational study was based on the cohort study Real World Research of Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD (RealDTC). We collected data from COPD patients in China from 1 July 2017 to 31 December 2022. Patients were followed up until December 2023 or death. Further, we separated GOLD A and B patients into GOLD A0 and B0, who had no exacerbation during the previous year, and GOLD A1 and B1, who had only one exacerbation during the previous year. Study outcomes included moderate-to-severe exacerbation, hospitalisation, frequent exacerbation in the first year and all-cause mortality during total follow-up. Of the 8318 eligible patients, GOLD E group of patients suffered from a greater risk of exacerbation in the first year and death than patients in the GOLD A and B groups. GOLD A1 group had a higher risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbation (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.087; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.419-3.068), hospitalisation (HR = 1.704; 95% CI = 1.010-2.705) and frequent exacerbation (HR = 1.983; 95% CI = 1.046-3.709) compared to GOLD A0. GOLD B1 group had a risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbation (HR = 1.321; 95% CI = 1.105-1.679) and mortality (HR = 1.362; 95% CI = 1.026-1.963) that exceeded the risk in GOLD B0 group. The treatment outcome of different inhaled drugs had no statistical differences in GOLD A0 group. In GOLD A1 group, only inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), in addition to long-acting β-2 agonist (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), reduced the risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbation in the first year compared to only LAMA. As for the GOLD B0 group, LABA and LAMA decreased the odds of moderate-to-severe exacerbation, hospitalisation, frequent exacerbation and mortality compared to only LAMA. ICS, LABA, and LAMA in GOLD B0 also down-regulated the risk of frequent exacerbation, compared to only LAMA. In addition, GOLD B1 patients treated with LABA and LAMA or ICS, LABA, and LAMA had a lower risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbation and hospitalisation. Meanwhile, ICS, LABA, and LAMA also reduced the risk of frequent exacerbation and mortality, compared to only LAMA in the multivariate Cox analysis. Compared to the GOLD A or B group without exacerbation history, GOLD A patients with exacerbation history had a higher risk of future exacerbation, and GOLD B patients with exacerbation history had a higher risk of future exacerbation and mortality and benefited more from triple inhaler therapy.

Differential roles of NR4A2 (NURR1) paralogs in the brain and behavior of zebrafish.

Dopaminergic (DAnergic) dysfunction and imbalanced dopamine (DA) levels are known contributors to the pathogenesis of numerous psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Of the many identified risk factors for DA-associated disorders, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A2 (NR4A2; or nuclear receptor related-1 protein (NURR1)), a transcription factor involved in DAnergic differentiation, has been associated with Parkinson's disease and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). In zebrafish, transient loss of nr4a2 was previously shown to decrease tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and impair locomotion. To further characterize the roles of the two zebrafish nr4a2 paralogs, nr4a2a, and nr4a2b, we produced targeted loss-of-function mutants and examined DAnergic neuron regeneration, oxidative respiration, and behavioral traits. The loss of nr4a2a function more closely recapitulated Parkinsonian phenotypes and affected neurotrophic factor gene expression. Conversely, nr4a2b mutants displayed behavioral symptoms reminiscent of mice deficient in Nr4a2 with increased neurotrophic output. In contrast, nr4a2b mutants also displayed increased metabolic input from non-mitochondrial sources indicative of high cytosolic reactive oxygen species and perturbed mitochondrial function. The nr4a2a mutants also showed increased maximal respiration, which may suggest a compensatory mechanism to meet the metabolic requirements of DAnergic neuron health. Overall, the zebrafish mutants generated in this study helped uncover molecular mechanisms involved in DA-related disease pathologies, and in the regeneration of DAnergic neurons.

Effect of acupuncture on the sleep quality of hemodialysis patients in a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil

Objective: Analyze the effect of auricular acupuncture on the sleep quality of hemodialytic patients with chronic pain in a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil. Methods: This study includes double-blind, randomized in blocks and allocated at a rate of 1:1, controlled trial that was conducted in two hemodialysis clinics, with 94 chronic renal patients with chronic pain (auricular acupuncture [AA]: 47, sham acupuncture [SA]: 47). Both received 12 sessions for three months. We collected data using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using t-tests, Wilcoxon test and ANOVA. Results: Comparing the SA and AA groups, there was a statistically significant difference at baseline (p &lt; 0.001), a significant intergroup difference, and the AA group had better sleep quality than the SA group during and at the end of the 12 sessions (&lt; 0.001). A high magnitude of the effect of auricular acupuncture on sleep quality was found at the end of the sessions (D= -1.94). Conclusion: The auricular acupuncture intervention proved to be effective in improving the subjective sleep classification of renal patients.

Investigating Mechanically Activated Currents from Trigeminal Neurons of Non-Human Primates.

Pain sensation has predominantly mechanical modalities in many pain conditions. Mechanically activated (MA) ion channels on sensory neurons underly responsiveness to mechanical stimuli. The study aimed to address gaps in knowledge regarding MA current properties in higher order species such as non-human primates (NHP; common marmosets), and characterization of MA currents in trigeminal (TG) neuronal subtypes. We employed patch clamp electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to associate MA current types to different marmoset TG neuronal groups. TG neurons were grouped according to presumed marker expression, action potential (AP) width, characteristic AP features, after-hyperpolarization parameters, presence/absence of AP trains and transient outward currents, and responses to mechanical stimuli. Marmoset TG were clustered into 5 C-fiber and 5 A-fiber neuronal groups. The C1 group likely represent non-peptidergic C-nociceptors, the C2-C4 groups resembles peptidergic C-nociceptors, while the C5 group could be either cold-nociceptors or C-low-threshold-mechanoreceptors (C-LTMR). Among C-fiber neurons only C4 were mechanically responsive. The A1 and A2 groups are likely A-nociceptors, while the A3-A5 groups probably denote different subtypes of A-low-threshold-mechanoreceptors (A-LTMRs). Among A-fiber neurons only A1 was mechanically unresponsive. IHC data was correlated with electrophysiology results and estimates that NHP TG has ∼25% peptidergic C-nociceptors, ∼20% non-peptidergic C-nociceptors, ∼30% A-nociceptors, ∼5% C-LTMR, and ∼20% A-LTMR. Overall, marmoset TG neuronal subtypes and their associated MA currents have common and unique properties compared to previously reported data. Findings from this study could be the basis for investigation on MA current sensitizations and mechanical hypersensitivity during head and neck pain conditions.

The relationship between fragility scores and intraoperative body temperature changes in geriatric patients: Prospective observational research.

Today, to evaluate morbidity and mortality in elderly surgical patients, fragility scores, which reflect the patient's current condition rather than increasing age, are used as a basis. Our research examines the association between fragility groups, body temperature changes, and inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) in major orthopedic surgery patients. Patients over the age of 65 who underwent major orthopedic surgery were evaluated. Body temperature measurements were taken tympanically preoperatively and every 5 minutes during surgery. Temperature changes (Δn) were calculated. Patients whose body temperature was below 36 °C were recorded as IPH. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging-Clinical Frailty Scale scoring system, consisting of 9 categories, was used for fragility scores. As the category number increases, the level of fragility increases. These categories are classified into 3 subgroups: Group F1 (Level 1-3), Group F2 (Level 4-7), and Group F3 (Level 8-9). Age groups: it is defined as Group A1 (66-74 years), Group A2 (75-84 years), and Group A3 (85<). The median (min-max) of surgery time was determined as 75 (35-131). For Δ35 (ºC), the differences between both fragility groups (P = .054) and the age groups (P = .145) were not significant. IPH frequency is 44.0% (n = 149). No difference was detected between hypothermia frequencies in the fragility groups (P = .546) and the age groups (P = .065). Nearly half of major surgery patients developed IPH. We did not find a relationship between both fragility groups and age groups and the frequency of IPH.

High levels of bisphenol A among infertile men can impair spermatogenesis by oxidative stress and elevated levels of microRNA-337

BackgroundStudies have shown that Bisphenol A may interfere with the process of spermatogenesis and result in a decrease in the quality of semen. Nevertheless, the fundamental processes remain unclear. This study was done to investigate the connections between exposure to Bisphenol A, spermatogenesis with microRNA-337, and malondialdehyde in infertile men.MethodsThis study was a case–control study on 73 participants. Infertile group (1a): azoospermia (n = 16), infertile group (1b): oligozoospermia (n = 22), and control group (2): normospermic (n = 35) were enrolled in this study. Full history, local examination, semen analysis, and urine and blood samples were taken from all participants. Urinary Bisphenol A, malondialdehyde, and serum microRNA-337 were measured.ResultsThe mean Bisphenol A level in azoospermia group shows statistically significant increase comparing to fertile control group. The mean microRNA-337 level in oligozoospermia and azoospermia group shows statistically significant increase comparing to fertile controls. The mean malondialdehyde level in infertility groups shows statistically significant increase comparing to fertile control group. No linear correlations were recorded between Bisphenol A levels with semen quality parameters, hormonal profile, and microRNA-337.ConclusionWhile there is no significant change in the levels of Bisphenol A between normal fertile males and infertile males with oligozospermia, a significant elevation in the BPA level was observed in infertile males with azoospermia. A significant upregulation of the miRNA-337 gene expression in infertile males either oligozospermia or azoospermia was also observed. In addition, lipid peroxidation as evident by the significant elevation of MDA levels was marked among infertile patients.

Polymorphism detection and characterization of sperm cells chromatin remodeling associated genes in Murrah buffalo.

Seasonal variations significantly impact buffalo bull semen production and quality, particularly during the summer months. Understanding the genetic basis of these changes is important for managing bull fertility and improving sperm quality. The present study focused on characterizing and identifying polymorphisms in chromatin remodeling genes, protamines (PRMs) and Transition Nuclear Proteins (TNPs) in Murrah buffalo bulls with varying semen quality due to seasonal effects. Our findings revealed none of the coding region variation in PRM1, PRM2, TNP1, and TNP2, these genes are highly conserved in buffalo. Two intronic variants were identified, including G16C in PRM1 intron 1 and intronic SNP in PRM2 intron 1(G96A). The complete CDS of consensus sequence of bubaline PRM1 was 86.3% identical and 94.1% similar to the bovine PRM1. Whereas the complete CDS of consensus sequence of bubaline TNP2 was 78.2% identical and 91.0% similar to bovine TNP2. Further, no statistically significant differences in the fold change of TNP1, TNP2, PRM1, and PRM2 levels between the hot summer SNA and SA groups and the winter SNA and SA groups This study represents the first comprehensive report on the characterization of bubaline PRM1 (complete CDS), PRM2 (partial CDS), TNP1 (partial CDS), and TNP2 (complete CDS) genes in buffalo sperm cells. Results of the study, clearly indicate that the genes associated with protamine (PRM1 and TNP2) are highly conserved in Bubalus bubalis. Understanding these genetic underpinnings can have implications for improving buffalo bull fertility and semen quality.