Assessment Of Groundwater Quality For Drinking Research Articles

Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Kakarveni River Basin, Vikarabad District, Telangana, India

Abstract: This study aims to assess the hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in the Kakarveni river basin in Vikarabad district, Telangana, India. Groundwater is a vital natural resource for human, agricultural, and ecological needs. Understanding hydrochemistry and groundwater quality is essential for identifying potential contaminants for selecting water treatment and agricultural management practices. The study will analyse hydro-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and major ions, and collect water samples from different locations to assess permeability index, Kelly’s index, magnesium hazard, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, or Eaton's index. The research methodology involves field sampling and laboratory analysis to ensure accurate and reliable results. The study area is about 192 sq. km and includes agricultural fields, forests, and human settlements. The geology and hydrology of the area are crucial for sustainable development and effective water resource management. The study found significant variations in measured parameters between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, with slightly acidic pH levels and higher electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids during the post-monsoon season. The study analyses water samples during the pre-monsoon and postmonsoon periods and compares them with the WHO's drinking water quality standards. The study computes the findings and arrives at the suitability of groundwater for irrigation.

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes at Al-Jouf Area in KSA Using Artificial Neural Network, GIS, and Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Groundwater is an essential resource for drinking and agricultural purposes in the Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia. The main objective of this study is to assess groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Al-Jouf region. Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater were determined, including total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, electric conductivity (EC), hardness, and various anions and cations. The groundwater quality index (WQI) was calculated to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. The EC, sodium percentage (Na+ %), magnesium hazard (MH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), potential salinity (PS), and Kelley’s ratio (KR) were assessed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Effective statistical tests and Feed-forward neural network (FFNN) modeling were applied to reveal the correlation between parameters and predict WQI. The results indicated that approximately all samples are appropriate for drinking and irrigation uses except samples of the Al Qaryat region. The ionic abundance ranking was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations, and Cl− > SO42− > NO3− for anions. Moreover, the groundwater is dominated by alkali metals (K+ and Na+) and controlled by the rock–water interaction process. The indicators of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking according to the following criteria (Na+ %, SAR, KR, MH, PS, WQI (WHO), and WQI (BIS)) can be predicted by the FFNN with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.136, 0.070, 0.022, 0.073, 2.45 × 10−3, 1.45 × 10−2, and 1.18 × 10−2, respectively, and R2 of 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively.

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation: A Case Study of Talaja, Bhavnagar

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation: A Case Study of Talaja, Bhavnagar

Analytical Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Agriculture Purposes in Al-Jouf Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) primarily relies depends mainly on groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study was therefore aimed to identify groundwater quality in Al-Jouf Region, KSA using water quality index (DWQI). In addition, investigating the hydro-chemical characteristics that control the groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected from 150 groundwater wells at a 300-500 m depth and subjected for chemical analysis. The values of chemical constituents were compared with the KSA and World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results indicated that, the concentrations of ions were within the ranges of KSA for drinking water and WHO. Based on DWQI data, for drinking water about 23.9% of the wells were within poor water category (III), while 9.91% was very poor water within (IV) group, 45.6% is good water of group (II) and 20.5% is excellent water within category (I). Regarding the evaluation of water quality, the estimated DWQI values for the 150 well waters in Al-Jouf, region ranged from 40.7 to 319. About 23.9% of wells were considered poor water “class (III)”, 9.9% were very poor water “class (IV)”, 45.6% were good water for drinking or “class (II), and 20.53% were excellent water. The result shows that the groundwater possess moderate to high salinity hazards with low to medium sodium hazards. The piper diagram showed that cations were decreasing as follow: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+, while the anions were decreasing as follow Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−>CO32-. The SAR values varied from 0.68 to 15.43; while Kelly’s ratio (KR) ranged between 0.32 to 4.02. The calculated IWQI values of all wells revealed that water was moderate type in which its value was between 22 to -27.

Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purpose of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh

Groundwater is an important source of drinking and irrigation purpose and the greater part of the total populace relies on groundwater for survival. Present study investigates the hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality of the study area for drinking and irrigation purpose. In this study, total 100 numbers groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods (APHA, 1995) during pre-monsoon period (May, 2016). In the study area, there is occurrence of mainly Ca+2–Mg+2–HCO3 and Ca+2–Mg+2–SO 4 –2 water type and the dominant cations and anions are Ca>Mg>Na>K>Fe=HCO3>Cl>CO3> SO4>Fe>F>NH3. The Gibbs plot shows that, hydrogeochemistry of ground-water is depending upon rock-water interaction. Present study, indicate that groundwater quality in the study area is suitable for irrigation and drinking purpose except some groundwater sample, which are showing high Nitrate, Iron, Sulphate, Ammonia and Calcium concentration.

Hydro-Geochemical Characteristics and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Domestic Purposes in Aswan, Egypt

In arid regions, people strive to have high drinking water quality resource. Limited water resources in arid regions present a critical factor that affects economic and societal development. The hydrogeological and hydrological conditions in such areas are extreme variable and affect largely the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater system. This study was carried out in Elhasya (Edfu, Aswan, Egypt) with an objective of understanding the suitability of local groundwater quality for domestic purposes in such arid climate region and to investigate the potential impact of untreated sewage discharges and irrigation canals on groundwater quality. In order to accomplish these targets, 250 water samples were collected from 4 groundwater wells and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological parameters in the period from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2012. The hydrological characteristics of the region have been identified. Aquachem tool was used to define and characterize the hydrchemistry of the pumped water samples. Wells can be considered neutral to slightly alkaline, pH is around (6.5-8.5). Cations (Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+) and anions (HCO3–, Cl–, and SO42–) were measured using ion chromatography instrument and it was clear that they did not exceed the recommended limits of world health organization (WHO) nor the Egyptian standards. However, bacteriological and biological results refer to that the wells are contaminated and a dose of disinfectant should be injected for drinking use. Stiff and piper diagrams were used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of groundwater of the study area. According to the plotting results, we can say that the majority of groundwater samples was characterized by the abundance alkaline earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) over of the alkalis (Na+, K+). In conclusion, it is apparent that the pumped water in El-Hasya city needs to be injected with dose of disinfectant to promote the biological activity so as to be suitable for drinking uses.

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Industrial Purpose of Rourkela, Sundergarh District, Odisha, India

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Industrial Purpose of Rourkela, Sundergarh District, Odisha, India

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Silakhor plain, Iran

This review considered groundwater resources, its characteristics and qualities of Silakhor Plain. Silakhor plain is located in central part of Iran between 25° ,50′ to 36° eastern longitude and 36°, 50′ to 37°, 58′ northern latitude. The samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), chemical parameters like Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Sulfate and Nitrate. The results of evaluated parameters were compared against the standard guideline values recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO, 2011) and E.C.O of Iran, 1999 . The concentrations of the cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) are all found below the guideline of WHO and E.C.O.I. Sulphate and bicarbonate recorded value range of 0.11 – 2.09 me/L and 1.6 – 7.81 me/L, which are also below the value of set by E.C.O.I and WHO standards. This result indicates that nitrate concentration has positive correlation with the use of fertilizers & negative correlation with depth of water table.

Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Obuasi Municipality of Ghana, A Preliminary Study

Groundwater quality of the Obuasi municipality was assessed to understand the contamination processes due to the presence of various contaminant sources and complicated geochemical processes and the suitability of groundwater for irrigation and drinking purpose for a sustainable agriculture and basic human needs. Water samples were collected during the raining season when a rise in water table was expected and during the dry season. They were analyzed for major cations and anions. Parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, % sodium, electrical conductivity, total hardness, total dissolve solutes and stoechiometric relations were calculated on the basis of chemical data. A questionnaire was also used to investigate perception of consumers on taste and odour. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents with World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards of 2004 and various classifications show that present status of groundwater in Obuasi is good for drinking and irrigation purposes. Concentrations of major cations and anions in the groundwater systems vary spatially and temporally. Abundance of these anions is in the following order: $Ca^{2+}\>>\>Na^+\>>\>Mg^{2+}\>>\>K^+ = HCO_3^-\>>\>Cl^-\>>\> SO_4^{2-}\>>\>H_2SiO_4\>>\>Br^-\>>\>PO_4^{2-}\>>\>F^-$. In terms of rainy season impact, Obuasi groundwater shows dilution and flushing, however, samples show excessive leaching of different chemical components into the groundwater system leading to the enrichment of different anions and cations and this indicate pollution from extraneous sources. No clear correlation between the quality parameters and perceived quality in terms of satisfactory taste response were obtained at electrical conductivity values lower than the threshold minimum acceptable value.