Ground Temperature Field Research Articles

Investigation on heat transfer performance of energy diaphragm walls under groundwater flow condition

The flow of groundwater affects the transport of heat, subsequently impacting the heat transfer performance of energy diaphragm walls. To investigate the effect of groundwater flow on the thermal performance of energy diaphragm walls in the actual project, a three-dimensional finite element model of the thermo-hydro coupling was established. This model's accuracy was confirmed using in-situ experimental data. Subsequent analyses explored the influence of groundwater flow velocity on the long-term heat transfer efficiency of energy diaphragm walls and the temperature field distribution in both the wall and adjacent soil during winter/summer cyclical operations. Studies have shown that the increase of groundwater flow velocity can promote the migration of heat accumulated in the wall and in the soil around the wall to a position farther away from the wall along the flow direction, thereby promoting the long-term heat exchange efficiency of the thermo-active diaphragm walls. Moreover, as winter and summer operating conditions transition, the previously accumulated heat in the wall and surrounding soil aids in boosting the current mode's heat exchange efficiency. In addition, groundwater flow also facilitates the movement of heat accumulated at the bottom of the excavation face, allowing the ground's temperature field to stabilize faster. This indirectly bolsters the heat exchange efficiency of the energy diaphragm walls. The research results may enrich the understanding of the heat transfer behavior of energy diaphragm walls under actual working conditions.

Numerical simulation of ground temperature field changein underground heat transfer zone of ground sourceheat pump under different groundwater runoff conditions

The heat transfer capacity of ground and soil energy sources is the key factor that affects the performance of the ground source heat exchanger. The heat storage capacity of soil is related to various factors. The author proposes a multi-component heat pump system which combines solar energy, waste heat, and air, and designs a new type of dual channel finned tube evaporator for defrosting. Based on different weather conditions, the operation mode of the system was provided, and performance tests were conducted on the system under no light conditions and with or without waste heat utilization. The results show that the seepage speed of buried tube ground source heat pump system geographic tube heat exchanger and soil heat transfer influence is larger, the groundwater seepage speed of 15 m per annual, running 3-4 years later, the heat transfer well area of the soil temperature field will be stable, which can judge in the groundwater seepage is sufficient area, the buried tube ground source heat pump conditional soil winter and summer heat balance.

Effects of Ground Subsidence on Permafrost Simulation Related to Climate Warming

We develop a moving-mesh permafrost model that contains a ground subsidence computation module to estimate the effects of ground subsidence on permafrost simulation under different warming scenarios. Including the ground subsidence process in the permafrost simulation produces only a relatively small improvement in the simulation performance of the ground temperature field, as validated by observations from two sites on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is shown that ignoring ground subsidence tends to achieve a larger active layer thickness (ALT) but a smaller original thickness of permafrost that has thawed when simulating permafrost changes in a warming climate. The heat consumed by permafrost changes will be underestimated in simulations that do not consider ground subsidence. The effects that ground subsidence exerts within the permafrost simulation are clearly demonstrated under a strong warming scenario, which will influence the global energy budget. Projections indicate that the permafrost in the continuous permafrost area of the QTP may be close to the phase transition temperature to become zero thermal gradients in 2030–2040 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, and there will be a great risk of ground subsidence by that stage. For permafrost regions with rich ground ice, the downward propagating temperature signals caused by ground subsidence are more attenuated. However, the heat calculation error will be larger in a simulation that does not consider ground subsidence there. This study quantifies the effects of ground subsidence, which can provide a better understanding of the permafrost thaw and energy budget of the QTP.

Design and optimization of heat extraction section in energy tunnel using simulated annealing algorithm

Energy tunnel has attracted increasing interest in preventing tunnel frost damage and providing energy for space conditioning through utilizing geothermal energy from ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. The energy lining system, composed of heat pump units, lining buried with geothermal heat exchangers (GHEs), and supply pipes, is one of the most popular energy tunnel systems. Despite their good potential for geothermal energy exploitation, studies on their design approach are still insufficient, particularly for cold region energy tunnels. In this work, we propose an innovative design framework for optimization of the heat extraction section in the energy tunnel by combing numerical simulation and Simulated Annealing (SA). The numerical model reproduces a horseshoe-shaped tunnel segment equipped with an energy lining system, generating heat power activated by circulating heat carrier fluid. And the simulation provides key input parameters, involving heat extraction power, the ground temperature field, and heating demand, for the algorithm, hence the heat extraction section range is optimized using SA. Influences of four design parameters (i.e., ground temperature, inlet fluid temperature, circulating fluid flowrate, and pipe spacing) and three axial temperature distribution characteristics (i.e., overall temperature along the tunnel axis, airflow characteristics, and temperature difference between the tunnel entrance and exit) dominating temperature profiles along the tunnel axis on the optimal range design are investigated. Major findings include: (1) the optimal range is sensitive to the temperature field along the tunnel axis, and the normalized optimal length decreases by 91.3% with the normalized feasible range increases 1099.6% as the average temperature inside the tunnel rises from −2.5 °C to 5 °C; (2) increasing flowrate and lowering the temperature of the inlet fluid can yield a reduction in the optimal length of up to 29.2% and 64.3% separately; (3) a relatively sparse pipe arrangement can save cost without comprising the optimal length. This study presents a smart and efficient approach for designing the heat extraction section of the energy tunnel, which is promising in more complex conditions and capable of guiding practical applications.

Quantitative characterization of igneous rock thermal effect on sandstone reservoir reconstruction based on heat conduction

The X oilfield is the first sandstone reservoir under the influence of igneous rock, which is discovered and put into development in Bohai Sea. Compared with the conventional sandstone reservoir, the oilfield is affected by magmatic activity, the reservoir heterogeneity is serious and the micro pore structure is complex, which results in the poor correlation between mobility calculated by traditional methods and specific oil production index. In order to predict oil well productivity and guide oilfield well location deployment, the quantitative transformation of sandstone reservoir affected by igneous rock is studied in this paper. According to the distribution mode of igneous rock in the reservoir, a permeability model of quantitative characterization for sandstone reservoir permeability is established, in which the influences of heat conduction, reservoir skeleton deformation and stress sensitivity are considered, and then the igneous rock influence on the ground temperature field of surrounding rock is simulated by ANSYS software. According to the relationship between porosity and permeability, the quantitative transformation effect of igneous rock thermal effect on sandstone reservoir is quantitatively characterized. The reservoir temperature field variation law, different baking types and igneous rock thickness influence on the transformation degree of sandstone reservoir are analyzed. Finally, the X oilfield is taken as an example to verify the research method, and the second batch of wells location deployment is successfully guided. The results show that the thermal effect of igneous rock reduces the permeability of reservoir, and the temperature of reservoir increases first and then decreases with time, the rising speed is faster than the falling speed, with the increase in distance from igneous rock, the maximum temperature of reservoir shows a downward trend, in the case of baking on both sides, the heat of igneous rock is greater, which makes the temperature of surrounding reservoir rise more, and the transformation effect on reservoir is more obvious. The influence range of igneous rock thickness on permeability is basically the same, but with the increase in thickness, igneous rock has a greater influence on surrounding rock. The research example of the X oilfield shows that the existence of igneous rock reduces the reservoir physical properties of development wells by 1.2–5.9 times. The correlation between igneous rock physical properties and specific oil production index corrected by this method can reach 0.9478. By avoiding igneous rock, the comparative production of the second batch of development wells is 1.5 times that of the first batch of development wells.

Study of the Thermal Radiation Hazard from a Combustible Gas Fireball Resulting from a High-Pressure Gas Pipeline Accident

With the rapid development of high-pressure combustible gas pipelines, it brings convenience and also buries potential safety hazards. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the thermal radiation hazards of fireball accidents caused by leakage and provides a reference for the prevention and control of this type of accident and on-site rescue. Based on the basic principle of fluid mechanics and the calculation model of the leakage rate, a three-dimensional pipeline model was constructed by FDS software to simulate the fireballs with different positions of low, middle and high. The simulation shows that the ground temperature field of the low and middle fireballs is quite different from that of the high fireball, and the temperature level is: low position > middle position > high position. On this basis, the observation elevation angle is introduced to improve the classical fireball thermal radiation model formula, the model calculation value is compared with the numerical simulation value and the optimal threshold is determined by combining the thermal radiation flux criterion. The results show that the numerical simulation is basically consistent with the calculation results of the improved model. The smaller the observation elevation angle, the closer the target receives the thermal radiation flux to the optimal threshold and the calculated hazard range is more reliable.

Model Test Study on Natural Thawing Temperature Field of Artificial Ground Frozen Wall

In order to visualize the evolution and distribution law of the ground temperature field during artificial freezing construction, an indoor model test study was carried out based on the independently constructed hygrothermal coupling artificial ground freezing test platform. The test results show that the soil temperature in the freezing process went through the three stages of a steep drop, a slow drop, and stabilization, the earliest closure position of the frozen wall was the intermediate point between two freezing pipes, and the thickness of the frozen wall on different sections showed Section 1 > Section 2 > Section 3 after 61 min of positive freezing. The soil temperature in the natural thawing process went through the four stages of a rapid rise, short hysteresis, a second rapid rise, and a linear slow rise. By fitting the test data, the distribution function of the pipe wall temperature along the pipe length under natural thawing conditions was obtained. The research results can provide a valid basis for the numerical calculation model of a three-dimensional non-uniform natural thawing temperature field and can also provide a reference for the design of settlement grouting under natural thawing conditions.

Ground temperature distribution and evolution of Lanzhou subway in the Chinese Loess Plateau

The temperature field of the subway stratum is a consequential basis for adjusting the thermal environment in the subway. In this paper, the initial ground temperature of Lanzhou subway in the Loess Plateau was measured, and the temperature field evolution of the surrounding rock in the subway tunnel was explored under operational conditions. The results show that in the initial ground temperature field, the annual variable temperature layer of the subway is located at the surface to the depth of 12 m, with a sinusoidal distribution and a phase lag phenomenon. The lag time of the initial ground temperature at 11 m depth is about 80 days compared with the initial ground temperature at 1 m depth. The annual constant temperature layer is located below the depth of 12 m with a temperature of 15.2 °C. Moreover, the air temperature has the greatest influence on the heat exchange between the air and surrounding rock. The heat flux is negatively correlated with the heat exchange time, while positively correlated with the low water content and air temperature. However, the tunnel shape and high water content have little effect on the variation in heat flux, which is less than 0.1 W/m2.

Application of WRF Optimal Parameterization Scheme for Different Air Quality Models

Accurate meteorological fields and applicable air quality models are important ways to optimize air pollution simulations. To improve the accuracy of winter air pollution models in the Sichuan basin, we conducted a meteorological field simulation using 25 sets of parameterized scheme combinations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Based on the optimal parameters, the air pollution levels were simulated using AERMOD and CALPUFF models in a local large steel plant, and the data were verified by comparing the data from four National Ambient Air Monitoring Stations (NAAMS). The results indicated that the WRF model parameters had substantial effects on the simulation of the ground wind field, high-altitude wind field, and ground humidity field. In contrast, the parameters had no significant effect on the simulation of the ground temperature field, high-altitude temperature field, and high-altitude humidity field. The combination of the SLAB land surface process scheme and Dudhia shortwave radiation scheme with four boundary layer schemes, namely YSU, ACM2, BouLac, and MRF, could well-simulate the trends of winter surface wind, temperature, and humidity fields in Sichuan basin. The simulation results were analyzed by combining the statistical parameters of high-altitude wind, temperature, and humidity. The group 1 parameter scheme was applicable to simulate the meteorological field of Dazhou. Group 13 and Group 17 parameters were applicable to simulate the meteorological fields in Chengdu during the day and night, respectively. The correlation between CALPUFF simulation and monitoring value was better than that for AERMOD. CALPUFF was more accurate than AERMOD when referring to the monitoring data from NAAMS No.3. In addition, the simulation quality of CALPUFF was slightly better than that of AERMOD with reference to data from NAAMS No.2. Using air pollutant monitoring data from NAAMS as a reference, the simulated results of CALPUFF on NOx and PM10 were improved compared to AERMOD at all four stations. Data from the Q-Q diagram indicated that the simulated results of CALPUFF on SO2, NOx, and PM10 were closer to the monitored values compared to those of AERMOD.

Investigation on local geothermal energy attenuation after long-term operation of ground heat exchanger with considering aquifer effect

The long-term operation of deep buried ground heat exchangers (GHE) for heat extraction would attenuate the local geothermal field. The variation of geothermal energy in the affected area over time is a subject worthy of dedicated study. In this paper, the heat transfer between GHE and surrounding geological strata including aquifuge and aquifer layers is modeled and numerically solved to investigate the variations of GHE performance and attenuation behaviors of ground temperature field. The results show that the reduction ratios of GHE performance in the aquifer and aquifuge layers between 1st and 8th years are 1.3% and 8.9%, respectively, due to the convective heat transfer induced by groundwater in the aquifer layer. The analysis of local temperature variation implies that the groundwater flow leads to the circumferential asymmetry of ground temperature reduction in aquifer layer, which also affects the temperature distribution in geological layers adjacent to the aquifer. The worst ground temperature recovery point appears on the borehole wall in the aquifuge layer, while it appears at a fixed position downstream in the aquifer layer. Taking the ground transient and initial temperature difference greater than 0.5°C as the threshold to characterize the attenuation region, the geothermal field attenuation area of the eighth year in the aquifer is about 4.5 times that of the first year, while it is about 5.1 ∼ 5.5 times that of the first year in the aquifuge layers. The analysis of variations of GHE performance and ground temperature field quantitatively evaluates geothermal attenuation behaviors in aquifer and aquifuge layers subject to the long-term operation of GHEs.

Suitability zoning of buried pipe ground source heat pump and shallow geothermal resource evaluation of Linqu County, Shandong Province, China

In response to the environmental call for energy conservation and emission reduction, the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) buried pipe ground source heat pumps (GSHP) in the urban area of Linqu County has been studied. Based on geological data and water quality analysis data, ground temperature monitoring test and field thermal response test research results, using the analytic hierarchy process, the suitability of buried GSHP in the study area is computed by division, heat capacity calculation and resource potential evaluation. The results show that the development and utilization of GSHP in the study area are mainly in the moderately suitable area. The heat capacity within 120 m depth is 3.52 × 1013 kJ/°C, and the heat capacity of 200 m shallow geothermal energy is 5.84 × 1013 kJ/°C. Considering the land use coefficient, the total available heat transfer power of the buried pipe ground source heat pump is 2.56 × 106 kW. The heat transfer power in summer is greater than the heat transfer power in winter. The resource potential of buried pipe ground source heat pump is mainly in the medium potential area, and the development potential is finer in winter than in summer. Generally, the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in the urban area of Linqu County have broad pros.

Numerical Simulation of Thaw Settlement and Permafrost Changes at Three Sites Along the Qinghai‐Tibet Engineering Corridor in a Warming Climate

AbstractThaw settlement caused by permafrost degradation has great impacts on engineering infrastructure, hydrological cycles and ecosystems in recent decades under climate warming. We combined the moving‐grid method (Lagrangian method) with the heat conduction equation to develop a new moving‐grid permafrost model. Our model takes into account not only the cryostratigraphy of permafrost, but also the thaw settlement. We used the model to simulate the thaw settlement and the permafrost changes at the three sites along the Qinghai‐Tibet Engineering Corridor from 1966 to 2018. The monitoring of the ground temperature and the geodetic leveling in situ were used for model validation. The results show that our model can accurately reproduce the observed interannual thaw settlement and ground temperature fields. The risk of thawing settlement in ice‐rich permafrost regions in the zero‐temperature‐gradient stage is high.

Numerical study on the heat performance of enhanced coaxial borehole heat exchanger and double U borehole heat exchanger

• The BHEs model considering the multilayer properties and groundwater flow. • An enhanced coaxial model with intermittently laid spiral ring fins was proposed. • The heat transfer performance of the vertical BHEs was evaluated. • The influence level of different factors on heat transfer performance was analyzed. • The influence of groundwater flow on the ground temperature field was analyzed. Borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) are widely used in various building air conditioning and heating systems. It has always been the unremitting pursuit of researchers to provide solutions for energy conservation by improving the heat transfer efficiency of BHE. In this work, comprehensively considering groundwater seepage in the surrounding rock and soil and the difference of heat transfer performance between various layers of rock and soil, three-dimensional geometric models of double-U BHE and enhanced coaxial BHE with intermittently laid spiral ring fins were established. The established model was verified by the drilling, geothermal, thermal response data collected through filed tests and the actual operating data of the system. The heat transfer performance and influencing factors of the two BHEs models under different working conditions were simulated by improving and replacing the double-U BHE model by means of equivalent buried pipe cross-sectional area. The results showed that the linear meter heat transfer of the enhanced coaxial BHE was significantly better than the linear meter heat transfer of the equivalent U BHE. The average linear meter heat transfer of the enhanced coaxial BHE can reach 1.46 times and 1.45 times of the equivalent U BHE under winter and summer working conditions, respectively. Finally, the results of the sensitivity analysis of single factor showed that the inlet temperature/inlet fluid heating power is the most significant impact on the heat transfer performance, followed by the inlet flow rate, and the hydraulic gradient of groundwater seepage has the least impact. The results obtained can provide a new type of the buried pipe structure that can be used as a reference for improving the heat transfer performance of BHEs in the simulation and experiment conditions.

Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Ground Dampness on Heat Transfer between Greenhouse and Ground

This paper deals with the problem of the influence of ground dampness on heat exchange between greenhouse and ground. The effect of humidity on the distribution of ground temperature fields was analyzed. The analysis was performed based on the analytical numerical method in the WUFI®plus software. The computational tool was used after a validation process. Research and simulations were conducted on the example of a real single-span greenhouse located in Southern Poland. The results of indoor and outdoor air temperature measurements were used to determine the boundary conditions, while the measured ground temperatures were used to compare with the results of theoretical calculations. Three variants were used for calculation analysis, assuming different levels of ground dampness. Analysis of the test results showed that during the summer period, dry ground provides 8% more thermal energy to the interior of the greenhouse than the damp ground, and provides 30% more thermal energy than wet ground. In the transition period (autumn/spring), the ground temperature fields are arranged parallel to the floor level, while the heat flux is directed from the ground to the interior of the greenhouse, regardless of the ground dampness level. During this period, the ground temperature ranges from 4.0 °C to 13.0 °C. Beneficial effect of dry ground, which contributes to maintaining an almost constant temperature under the greenhouse floor, was found in winter.

Distributed optical fiber monitoring test and numerical simulation analysis of water-heat coupling process

The distribution of shallow ground temperature field is controlled by the complex water-heat coupling effects of surface temperature, shallow groundwater temperature, and groundwater flow. An indoor medium-scale model box was established to explore the variation law of the shallow ground temperature field in the process of water-heat coupling between subsurface water and groundwater by using various temperature sensors. Based on this test, a two-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out with FEFLOW. The analysis combining the test and simulation results showed that distributed optical fiber monitoring can effectively monitor the temperature field. Additionally, the temperature data can be calibrated by FBG and PT100 sensors that are available to recognize the distribution of ground temperature field accurately. The groundwater flow plays an important role in the variation of temperature field; the evolutionary tendency of temperature field has roughly the same performance in soil layers as long as they share the same permeability and thermal properties. Thus, different characteristic layers will affect the distribution of seepage field, further controlling the temperature field. Finally, this work can be potentially used to quantitatively evaluate the storage potential of shallow geothermal energy at the city scale.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of an energy sheet pile wall

One-of-a-kind experimental and numerical investigation is provided in this paper about energy sheet pile walls: earth retaining structures that embed heat exchanger probes within piles for the exploitation of shallow geothermal energy. The study resorts to the results of full-scale in situ tests and coupled three-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite element analyses of an energy sheet pile wall constructed in an underground station. In this context, an investigation about the influence of thermal boundary and initial conditions on thermo-mechanical behaviour of the energy sheet pile wall is performed. The addressed thermal boundary conditions are associated with the thermal load imposed on the considered foundation by the field environment and the geothermal operation of some energy piles constituting the wall. The addressed thermal initial conditions are associated with the undisturbed ground temperature field of the considered site. Based on a comparison between the experimental and numerical results, and the development of numerical sensitivity analyses, criticalities associated with the analysis and modelling of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy sheet pile walls are denoted. The results highlight that: a marked non-uniformity of the temperature field can characterise real applications of energy sheet pile walls, representing a significant challenge to capture numerically at all spatial locations; a comparable influence denotes thermal loads that derive from the field environment and the geothermal operation of energy sheet pile walls, deserving attention when modelling the behaviour of such geostructures; and a critical role of the initial thermal conditions is connected to the satisfactory understanding and prediction of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy sheet pile walls, requiring careful consideration for analysis and design purposes.

Analysis on variations of ground temperature field and thermal radius caused by ground heat exchanger crossing an aquifer layer

Due to the groundwater migration in the underground aquifer, the heat transfer between ground heat exchangers and surrounding ground changes from heat conduction to the conjugated conduction–convection mode. To investigate the aquifer effects on the ground temperature distribution surrounding the ground heat exchanger, a realistic model was established and numerically solved, including a ground heat exchanger and alternatively stacked aquifer and aquifuge layers. The results show that a variation in groundwater velocity would result in a significant fluctuation in the aquifer temperature field close to the ground heat exchanger, but has less effect on the aquifer temperature field away from the ground heat exchanger. The difference between the initial temperature and local stable ground temperature, and the time for the aquifer to reach the stable temperature are both negatively correlated with the groundwater velocity, and positively correlated with the distance to ground heat exchanger on the downstream. The thermal influence radii are ranging from 7.4 m to 143.0 m in the aquifer layer under tested groundwater velocities ranged from 3.15 m/a to 315 m/a respectively, while the radii of aquifuge layer are about 8.3–8.4 m. There exists a critical velocity that makes the radius of thermal influence in the aquifer layer the same as that in the aquifuge layer. When the groundwater velocity is greater than the critical velocity, the thermal influence radius shows an increasing trend with the increase of aquifer layer thickness, while it shows a reversed trend for the velocity lower than the critical velocity.

Effects of aquifer on heat exchange process in geothermal applications

Geothermal energy has been widely used in the field of the building heating through the ground heat exchanger (GHE). The groundwater flow in the aquifer is one of the significant factors affecting the heat exchange process between the GHE and ground by promoting the pure conduction to the conjugated convection and conduction heat transfer. In this paper, the variations of the ground temperature field and the thermal influence radii subject to the existence of aquifers were investigated numerically. The geometrical models consisting of a coaxial heat exchanger, multiple aquifer and aquifuge layers were established to study the effect of groundwater velocities and the number of aquifer layers on the GHE system. The results reveal that the heat exchange capacity of the GHE is enhanced when the groundwater velocity increases. The increased number of aquifer layers can also enhance the heat exchange capacity with the tested groundwater velocity at 315 m/a or 31.5 m/a, but would weaken it with the velocity of 3.15 m/a. In addition, it is found that the aquifuge temperature field is affected by the aquifer layer, and the thermal influence radius of GHE is dominated by the groudwater velocity of aquifers when the velocity is larger than the critical velocity. Conversely, the thermal influence radius is governed by the thermal diffusivities of aquifuges for the groundwater velocity samller than the critical velocity.

Numerical study on the heat transfer, extraction, and storage in a deep-buried pipe

Aiming at the thermal attenuation problem of ground temperature field in unidirectional heat extraction and supply in buildings of deep-buried geothermal energy, we propose supplementing heat to the ground using some heat source such as solar energy that is stored during the non-heating period, thus enabling long-term operation of a buried pipe system. With the study conducted on a buried U-bend pipe project with a depth of 2505 m, a three-dimensional (3D) full-scale model was established based on the numerical modeling method which obtained by the author’s research team in the early stage. The heat extracted from the buried pipe or the heat storage capacity of ground for a constant inlet water temperature and given initial ground temperature field was analyzed and predicted. Meanwhile, the heat storage capacity after heat was taken from the buried pipe was calculated and analyzed. Finally, heat flux through the wall of the buried pipe was analyzed, and heat transfer to ground at different buried depths during the heat storage period was discussed.

Experimental Investigation of Ground and Air Temperature Fields of a Cold‐Region Road Tunnel in NW China

To fully understand the temperature distribution of cold regions and the variation law of temperature fields in cold‐region tunnels, this paper presents a case‐history study on a tunnel located on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, China. The conclusion is as follows: the temperature outside the tunnel and the ambient temperature are affected by wind speed and light. The law of the temperature field in the tunnel is greatly affected by wind speed and wind direction. According to the field test, the wind speed in the tunnel is about 2.8 m/s in winter, and the daily average temperature at the exit of the tunnel is basically lower than that at the entrance. From the central to the entrance, the temperature in the tunnel decreases by 0.11°C every 10 meters along the longitudinal direction; from the central to the exit, the temperature in the tunnel increases by 0.07°C every 10 meters. In this regard, for the problems of lining frost damage and central drainage pipe freezing, it is suggested to adopt the way of heating and drainage, but heating the freezing area outside the drainage pipe should be avoided. The test results can provide references for the design, construction, and research of the temperature field of the tunnel antifreezing system in the cold region. It is hoped that the test results can be useful in the design and construction of frost damage prevention systems and the investigation of temperature fields in cold‐region tunnels.