Grocery Purchases Research Articles

Exploring Retailer’s Grocery Purchasing Behavior through Online Platforms in Bengaluru City, India

Indian retail market is one of the most complicated and dynamic industry which is contributing to more than 10% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and around 8% of the employment. Mainly it is dominated by unorganized retailers, in last 10 years gradual shifts, like entry of modern trade, the entry of cash and carry, the advent of the e-commerce revolution and, more recently, the growth in newage B2B providers have started to transform this ecosystem, this makes retailers to go for online purchase of grocery using e- B2B platforms. Keeping this background in mind, the study was conducted in Bengaluru city with sample size of 250 retailers using primary as well as secondary data. The data was analysed using percent analysis, frequency, weighted average mean and Garrett ranking method. The study reveals that retail sector in study area is dominated by male ownership, most of the retailers were aged above 45 years having basic level of education and have more than 15 years of experience in retailing. Factors such as convenience, price, and wide product availability are the primary factors influencing online purchases, with convenience having the highest WAM score 4.2. All the surveyed retailers are aware of online grocery applications, indicating a high penetration of digitalization in the area. Retailers predominantly order once or twice a week, with most orders value between 700-3000 rupees, reflects the use of online platforms for regular stock replenishment. Main problems faced by retailers were delivery of damaged product, return issues and minimum order value and these were the main factors influencing them to stay away from online purchase.

Feasibility and acceptability of a personalized, pre-filled online grocery cart to improve benefit redemption and diet quality of grocery purchases among participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

Most participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) do not fully redeem their benefits due to barriers like transportation, confusing product eligibility, and unclear labeling. Online food shopping enables choice architecture to promote benefit redemption and maximize diet quality. We conducted a mixed-methods pilot randomized-controlled trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a pre-filled online grocery shopping cart to improve WIC benefit redemption and diet quality of grocery purchases. Rhode Island WIC participants (n = 24, mean age 29.4 ± 1.1 years, 75% Hispanic, 54% had never grocery shopped online) completed a baseline questionnaire and a simulated shopping episode (SSE), buying WIC and non-WIC items. After a week, we randomized participants into the intervention (personalized, modifiable carts pre-filled with 100% of the 2022 proposed WIC packages) or control (selected their items individually) groups before the second SSE. Both groups had WIC labels. We assessed feasibility using process data and percent agreement to feasibility questions, and acceptability via percent agreement to acceptability questions and post-intervention qualitative interviews. We conducted exploratory analyses to examine differences within and between groups at each timepoint for percent WIC benefit redemption and diet quality of grocery purchases, evaluated using the Grocery Purchase Quality Index-2016 (GPQI-2016) scores. Quantitative study measures suggest that the intervention was feasible and that the personalized, modifiable pre-filled cart was acceptable. These findings were supported during qualitative interviews, where participants highlighted time-savings, flexibility, and WIC labels as facilitators of WIC online shopping. Exploratory results showed significant increases in mean percent redemption of most WIC food categories and non-significant moderate increases in most GPQI-2016 scores. These measures are vital for the future adaptation of a full-scale efficacy trial in real-life settings.

Pengaruh E-Banking Service Quality dan Brand Image untuk Membangun E-Wom dan Niat Pelanggan Menggunakan E-Banking

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted banking operations that are carried out directly to customers and increased the threat of physical contact for retail bankers and customers, as a result, the world is turning to Internet banking to continue routine transactions for bill payments, grocery purchases, and brand shopping. This study aims to determine the effect of e-banking service quality and brand image on Ewom and the effect of e-banking service quality, brand image, and EWOM on customer intentions to use e-banking at Bank BRI in Denpasar City. The variables studied in this study are e-banking service quality, brand image, E-wom, and customer intentions in using e-banking. The data used is primary data, namely the results or answers of respondents through questionnaires. The study employed a purposive sampling technique to gather data from BRI Bank customers in Denpasar City, with a total of 235 respondents participating. Path analysis was utilized as the analytical method. The findings indicated a favorable impact of E-banking service quality on electronic word-of-mouth (e-wom) at BRI Bank in Denpasar City. Additionally, E-banking service quality demonstrated a positive influence on customers' intentions to utilize BRI Bank E-Banking services in the same city. Likewise, the brand image variable exhibited a constructive effect on e-wom for BRI Bank in Denpasar City and also positively influenced customers' intentions to use BRI Bank E-Banking services. Ultimately, the e-wom variable was found to have a positive impact on customer intentions to engage with BRI Bank E-Banking services in Denpasar City.

Associations between the neighbourhood food environment and food and drink purchasing in England during lockdown: A repeated cross-sectional analysis.

Evidence for the effect of neighbourhood food environment (NFE) exposures on diet in the UK is mixed, potentially due to exposure misclassification. This study used the first national COVID-19 lockdown in England as an opportunity to isolate the independent effects of the NFE exposure on food and drink purchasing, and assessed whether these varied by region. Transaction-level purchasing data for food and drink items for at-home (1,221 households) and out-of-home consumption (171 individuals) were available from the GB Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods Panel for London and the North of England. The study period included 23rd March to 10th May 2020 ('lockdown'), and the same period in 2019 for comparison. NFE exposures included food outlet density and proximity, and NFE composition within a 1 km network buffer around the home. Associations were estimated for both years separately, adjusted for individual and household characteristics, population density and area deprivation. Interaction terms between region and exposures were explored. There were no consistent patterns of association between NFE exposures and food and drink purchasing in either time period. In 2019, there was some evidence for a 1.4% decrease in energy purchased from ultra-processed foods for each additional 500 m in the distance to the nearest OOH outlet (IR 0.986, 95% CI 0.977 to 0.995, p = 0.020). In 2020, there was some evidence for a 1.8% reduction in total take-home energy for each additional chain supermarket per km2 in the neighbourhood (IR 0.982, 95% CI 0.969, 0.995, p = 0.045). Region-specific effects were observed in 2019 only. Findings suggest that the differences in exposure to the NFE may not explain differences in the patterns or healthiness of grocery purchasing. Observed pre-pandemic region-specific effects allude to the importance of geographical context when designing research and policy. Future research may assess associations for those who relied on their NFE during lockdown.

Do People Respond to the Climate Impact of their Behavior? The Effect of Carbon Footprint Information on Grocery Purchases

Food production is a primary contributor to climate change, and one way to mitigate its effect is through consumption choices. Finding the most effective way to achieve emissions reduction via consumers behavioral change has recently raised policy-makers' interest but experimental evidence about this is still scarce. In this study, we examine the impact of individualized information about greenhouse gas emissions on grocery purchases. Using a randomized field experiment, we compare the effects of individualized information on the carbon footprint of grocery purchases to individualized information on grocery spending provided through a smartphone app. Compared to the spending information, the carbon footprint information decreases emissions from groceries by 27% in the first month of treatment, with 45% reductions in emissions from beef, the highest emissions food group. Treatment effects fade in the longer run along with app engagement but persist among those engaged with the app. Our results suggest that the provision of emissions information, in particular when paired with sufficient engagement, is a promising avenue for policies to turn food consumption greener.

The role of geographic market definition in analysis of grocery retailing

AbstractWe examine how estimates of household food demand elasticities and store profit margins vary with alternative geographic market extents using structural models of household store choice and retailer competition. Our consumer store choice model is novel, simultaneously accounting for the heterogeneity of store choice sets, households' travel distance to stores, and their store‐specific shopping basket prices. We estimate the models using a unique combination of datasets on grocery purchases. We find that the geographic market extent is positively associated with household demand elasticity and negatively associated with store profit margins. The maximum market extent at which changes in demand elasticities become statistically insignificant varies by retailers, ranging between 10 and 16 km. These findings are robust to alternative assumptions of store competition. Our results imply that overlooking the locality of retail competition can result in overestimating the magnitudes of household demand elasticities while underestimating store profit margins, characterizing a relatively more competitive market.

The environmental impact of buying groceries online/offline pre and during COVID-19. Any changes?

COVID-19 has represented a watershed in people's lifestyle. One important consequence has been the change in how people buy groceries online/offline that represent the most frequent shopping-related trip any household performs. Since this has substantially different transport and environmental implications, it is crucial to investigate what are the COVID-19-induced variations. This paper estimates both travel and environmental impacts grocery channel choice implies by comparing, in a diachronic fashion, the pre and during COVID-19 situation in Norway, considering alternative scenarios describing different service configurations for each channel considered. Stated preferences are used to estimate market shares for grocery purchase distinguishing between different channels: in-store, home delivery and click&pick. The robust comparative analysis between the two time periods is guaranteed by the use of the same methodological approach in the same geographical context. Results show that total emissions are lower during the pandemic and adopting a free delivery strategy not only increases home delivery market shares but also produces the lowest level of CO2 emissions regardless of COVID-19. The results obtained are particularly relevant in the "new normal" the world is experiencing both from a public policymaking perspective, when promoting transport-related interventions to curb emissions, and from a private standpoint, when customising market strategies to increase sales and profits.

The demand for online grocery shopping: COVID-induced changes in grocery shopping behavior of Canadian consumers.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact on many economies around the globe. One area where significant changes have been documented is consumer behavior. A questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the impact of COVID-19 on grocery purchase behavior of Canadian consumers and evaluate the permanence of these effects. With a focus on online grocery shopping, this work integrates multiple existing theories of consumer behavior to explore the influence of different factors on consumers' adoption of online mode of grocery shopping during the pandemic and their intentions to continue the use of this mode in the post-pandemic world. A total of more than 600 usable survey responses were analyzed using statistical analysis and a Logit econometrics technique. The results reveal that 72% of the survey participants had to alter their grocery shopping habits as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; 63% of these consumers claim that the changes that occurred would prevail in the future, with no return to the "pre-COVID normal". The results also show that the pandemic resulted in significant proliferation of online grocery shopping among Canadian consumers. Further, the findings show that the important factors that explain adoption of online grocery shopping and the shift towards higher reliance on online grocery purchases in the future include the perceived threat of COVID, pre-COVID shopping habits, socio-demographic characteristics, and the variables that capture technological opportunities and abilities.

Trends (2014-2018) in the healthiness of packaged food purchases of Australian consumers before and after the introduction of voluntary Health Star Rating nutrition labels.

To evaluate the trends in the healthiness of packaged food purchases of Australian consumers before and after the introduction of the Health Star Rating (HSR) nutrition labels. Panel data analysis and difference-in-differences analysis. The Australian Government endorsed HSR nutrition labels for voluntary implementation on packaged foods in June 2014. We analyse the packaged food purchases of households across all major supermarkets before (January 2014 to June 2014) and after (June 2014-Dec 2018) the introduction of HSR. 6284 members of a panel of households across Australia reporting their grocery purchases to a market research company (Nielsen Homescan panel). The healthiness of household food purchases exhibited a U-shaped trend - decreasing from 2014 to 2017, and then increasing from 2018, corresponding to the time when a higher proportion of products were HSR-labelled. Households that purchased a higher proportion of HSR-labelled products had healthier household purchases overall. Further, the healthiness of households' category-specific food purchases was positively associated with the proportion of HSR-labelled products in categories where HSR was adopted, relative to control categories where HSR was not adopted. In Australia, once a substantial number of packaged food products adopted the voluntary HSR summary indicator, we observed an increasing trend in the healthiness of household food purchases. Widespread adoption of a nutrition summary indicator, such as HSR, on packaged food is likely to be beneficial for population health.

Can health consciousness drive purchase intention toward packaged immunity boosting food products?

ABSTRACT The pandemic has enhanced the health consciousness among the people which in turn induces them to shift toward more healthier and sustainable consumption patterns. Therefore, in the face of changing consumer preferences toward healthy products, the participants in the food industry need to redesign and reposition their products to match the consumer expectations. The current research aims to unearth if COVID-19-induced health consciousness has an impact on the individual’s intention to purchase packaged immunity boosting food products. The research is based on primary data collected from 300 respondents from Punjab and Delhi NCR region who were involved in household grocery purchasing and whose age was more than 18. PLS-SEM has been used in the present study for data analysis. Findings concluded that all the constructs measuring health consciousness had a positive impact on attitude toward packaged immunity boosting foods except health information seeking and knowledge which influenced the attitude negatively. Further attitude was found to be positively influencing purchase intention. The outcomes of the study offer significant practical implications for the producers, marketers, and researchers in the food industry. The advertisement and promotional strategies can be framed in the light of results of the study.

UNVEILING CONSUMER SENTIMENTS: A STUDY ON FACTORS IMPACTING ONLINE GROCERY AVOIDANCE IN VIJAYAWADA

This research explores the intricate landscape of online grocery shopping, drawing insights from a sample of 100 respondents with diverse demographic characteristics. Through a Likert scale analysis, the study delves into the attitudes, preferences, and concerns that shape individuals' decisions to abstain from online grocery purchases. Findings reveal a nuanced landscape, with respondents expressing strong preferences for hands-on grocery selection and enjoyment of traditional shopping experiences. Trust issues with online vendors and apprehensions about privacy and security emerge as key considerations. The study uncovers the top five drivers of grocery shopping preferences and underscores the robust reliability of the Likert scale employed. In sum, this research contributes valuable insights for both academic research and practical decision-making in the realm of online grocery shopping. KEYWORDS: Online shopping, ecommerce, Factors, barriers, influencing, grocery, Vijayawada.

Association Between Household Online Grocery Delivery Service Use and Food and Drink Purchase Behavior in England: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Online grocery delivery services (OGDSs) are a popular way of acquiring food. However, it is unclear whether OGDS use is associated with the healthiness of purchases and whether there are sociodemographic differences in OGDS use. If so, the increased prevalence of OGDS use may have implications for population diet, and differential OGDS use could contribute to diet inequalities. This study aimed to examine whether OGDS use varies by sociodemographic characteristics and is associated with the amount and types of groceries purchased. Item-level take-home food and drink purchase data (n=3,233,920 items) from households in London and the North of England were available from the 2019 UK Kantar fast-moving consumer goods panel (N=1911). Purchases were categorized as being bought online or in-store. We used logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of an above-median frequency of OGDS use by sociodemographic characteristics. We used Poisson regression to estimate the differences in energy and nutrients purchased by households that had above- and below-median OGDS use and the proportion of energy purchased from products high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) online versus in-store among households that used both shopping methods (n=665). In total, 668 (35%) households used OGDSs at least once in 2019. Of the households that used OGDSs, the median use was 5 occasions in 2019. Households were more likely to have above-median use in London versus in the North of England (odds ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.65) and if they had a higher annual household income (odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.38 for ≥£50,000 [US $64,000] vs <£20,000 [$25,600]). Households with above-median OGDS use had a higher weekly mean purchase of energy by 1461 (95% CI 1448-1474) kcal per person compared with households with below-median OGDS use. For households that used a combination of in-store and online shopping, HFSS products made up a lower proportion (-10.1%, 95% CI -12% to -8.1%) of energy purchased online compared to in-store. Differences in grocery purchases between households with above- and below-median OGDS use could have positive or negative consequences. The extra energy purchased among households with above-median OGDS use could lead to overconsumption or food waste, which has negative consequences for population and environmental health. Alternatively, this extra energy may be replacing out-of-home purchasing, which tends to be less healthy, and may be beneficial for the population diet. Households made fewer HFSS purchases when shopping online compared to in-store, which may be due to differences in the shopping environment or experience, such as fewer promotions and advertisements when shopping online or not having to transport and carry purchases home. As higher-income households used OGDS more frequently, the implications of this sociodemographic pattern on dietary inequalities must be explored.

Tensorial Principal Component Analysis in Detecting Temporal Trajectories of Purchase Patterns in Loyalty Card Data: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Loyalty card data automatically collected by retailers provide an excellent source for evaluating health-related purchase behavior of customers. The data comprise information on every grocery purchase, including expenditures on product groups and the time of purchase for each customer. Such data where customers have an expenditure value for every product group for each time can be formulated as 3D tensorial data. This study aimed to use the modern tensorial principal component analysis (PCA) method to uncover the characteristics of health-related purchase patterns from loyalty card data. Another aim was to identify card holders with distinct purchase patterns. We also considered the interpretation, advantages, and challenges of tensorial PCA compared with standard PCA. Loyalty card program members from the largest retailer in Finland were invited to participate in this study. Our LoCard data consist of the purchases of 7251 card holders who consented to the use of their data from the year 2016. The purchases were reclassified into 55 product groups and aggregated across 52 weeks. The data were then analyzed using tensorial PCA, allowing us to effectively reduce the time and product group-wise dimensions simultaneously. The augmentation method was used for selecting the suitable number of principal components for the analysis. Using tensorial PCA, we were able to systematically search for typical food purchasing patterns across time and product groups as well as detect different purchasing behaviors across groups of card holders. For example, we identified customers who purchased large amounts of meat products and separated them further into groups based on time profiles, that is, customers whose purchases of meat remained stable, increased, or decreased throughout the year or varied between seasons of the year. Using tensorial PCA, we can effectively examine customers' purchasing behavior in more detail than with traditional methods because it can handle time and product group dimensions simultaneously. When interpreting the results, both time and product dimensions must be considered. In further analyses, these time and product groups can be directly associated with additional consumer characteristics such as socioeconomic and demographic predictors of dietary patterns. In addition, they can be linked to external factors that impact grocery purchases such as inflation and unexpected pandemics. This enables us to identify what types of people have specific purchasing patterns, which can help in the development of ways in which consumers can be steered toward making healthier food choices.

Do You Really Want to Know? Exploring Desired Information Transparency for Local Food Products

Food system communicators are challenged to inform the public about food consumption in a way that addresses consumer interests and values. Consumers are increasingly concerned about the environmental risks of food production and may be seeking local food as a more sustainable option than conventional food. Online food purchasing is expanding the options and information available to consumers. Identifying the value of environmental impact measures accompanying local food online provides insight into food marketing strategies for different audiences. The purpose of this research was to predict the importance of environmental impact measures for individuals purchasing local food online given their information seeking, subjective norms, and perceived connection between local food and climate change mitigation. Data were collected using a web-based survey of 906 respondents from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. Findings revealed respondents tend to think local food contributes to climate change mitigation, and environmental impact measures should account for their information seeking, subjective norms, and perceived connection between local food and climate change mitigation. Transparency about local food environmental impacts may inform consumer decision making about food consumption. This study adds to the literature on perceived risk related to agri-food systems and calls for an exploration of information seeking with online grocery purchasing.

Investigating e-grocery shopping behavior and its travel effect

Since the adoption rate of e-grocery skyrocketed in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic due to the influx of first-time e-grocery shoppers, grocery shopping behavior has been evolving and the travel effects of e-grocery are largely unknown. Thus, this study sought to examine the relationship between consumers’ grocery shopping behavior online and in-store, and the influencing factors (i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, household attributes, and personal attitudes). To achieve this, information relating to online and in-store grocery purchase frequencies, personal and household characteristics, and attitudes of more than 2,000 Florida residents were collected through an online survey. Using a bi-directional structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, our results show that online grocery shopping exhibited no significant effect on in-store grocery shopping frequency (i.e., neutrality), but in-store grocery shopping reduced the frequency of online grocery shopping (i.e., substitution). Also, a positive attitude toward some positive aspects of online shopping, preference for alternative travel modes, and tech savviness were associated with more frequent online grocery shopping, while cost consciousness and the joy of shopping encouraged more in-store shopping. Several socio-demographic and household attributes were also found to have direct and indirect effects mediated via attitudes on the shopping frequencies. Overall, this study provides insights into the demand and travel effects of e-grocery and highlights the need for retailers and transport planners to collaborate in order to mitigate the potential travel effects of e-grocery.

Examining Online Grocery Purchase Intentions through an Extended TAM Framework : A Mediation Analysis Approach

Examining Online Grocery Purchase Intentions through an Extended TAM Framework : A Mediation Analysis Approach

Trips to the Grocery Store and Online Grocery Shopping: A Comparison of Individual Behaviors before and during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study examines changes in online and in-store grocery shopping in California during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed survey data from before the pandemic (pre-February 2020) and during the first wave (March-June 2020). Our findings indicate an increase in online grocery purchases among consumerist individuals, while financially conservative individuals and those facing financial struggles showed a decrease. People bought more items per purchase in stores, visited stores less frequently, and transitioned from dining out to cooking at home. Those who enjoy driving and being physically active continued visiting stores more often. Social media use and health concerns influenced shopping patterns. Sociodemographic factors such as household income and race also impacted these changes.

Perceived Health and Diet Quality Among Hispanics in South Florida.

There is limited information if perceived health is associated with diet quality in Hispanics. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate is health perception is associated with diet quality among 109 adults in South Florida. Individuals conducting a primary grocery shopping event were asked to complete a survey about their perceived health and to provide a picture of their grocery receipt to estimate diet quality using the Grocery Purchase Quality Index 2016 (GPQI-2016). Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and household size. Mean age was 45.1 ± 13.5 years, 74% were female, 79% were Hispanics, and 36.7% perceived themselves as having 'Good' health. The total average GPQI-2016 score was 40.9 ± 1.0. Perceived health was not significantly associated with total average GPQI-2016 score (p > 0.05). There was no association between perceived health and total diet quality in this sample of Hispanic adults.

Changes in household food grocery shopping patterns in Melbourne, Australia during COVID-19 restrictions in 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions in Melbourne, 2020, on food grocery purchases. MethodsGrocery purchase data for 2019 and 2020 were accessed for 1,413 Melbourne households (NielsenIQ Homescan Consumer Panel) and linked to a nutrition composition database (FoodSwitch). ResultsPer capita expenditure and dietary energy from groceries increased by 21.2% and 17.7%, respectively, during lockdowns, with marginally larger increases in expenditure and energy purchases from unhealthy products than healthy products (21.9% and 18.0% v 20.2% and 17.5%). The most socioeconomically disadvantaged households spent the least on but purchased the most energy from unhealthy products during lockdowns ($108 and 109MJ per capita per month), with the inverse found for the most advantaged households ($121 and 102MJ per capita per month). An increase in the overall proportion of total expenditure from unhealthy products during lockdowns was identified (+0.7%); however, there was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of energy purchased from unhealthy products. For most quintiles of household socioeconomic disadvantage/advantage, there were no statistically significant changes in the contribution of unhealthy products to total expenditure and energy purchases. ConclusionsThere was no substantial deterioration in the healthiness of grocery purchases during COVID-19 lockdowns in Melbourne. However, any additional purchases of unhealthy products are a concern. Further research on other sources of foods and drinks is also required to ascertain impacts on broader dietary patterns. Implications for public healthThe increase in energy purchased may have implications for overweight and obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19 and chronic diseases. Governments and retailers may need to consider measures to encourage improved diet quality during future crises.

Predicting health related deprivation using loyalty card digital footprints

Predicting health related deprivation using loyalty card digital footprints