Ground Material Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF CEMENT KILN DUST ON THE PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

Due to the nature of the technological process, the cement industry is a significant source of dust. Managing industrial waste is a global problem worldwide; cement kiln dust is an example of such waste. The dust from the cement kiln is a by-product of the cement production process obtained during the grinding and burning of the raw materials inside the cement kiln. Still, due to its high alkaline content, it cannot be returned to the kiln, but its disposal and landfill can cause many environmental problems. It is necessary to find alternative methods for its utilization. Due to its fineness and composition like that of cement, there is a growing interest in the use of this powder as a partial substitute for ordinary Portland cement. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of dust obtained during the production of cement clinker on the properties of cement (specific surface area, standard consistency, setting time, and compressive strength) and its implications in the conditions of its application.

Improving a technique for producing a polycomponent semi-finished product with high degree of readiness for 3-D printing of functional food

The object of this study is the process of producing polycomponent semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness using a model structure of functional equipment, in particular, based on apple, Jerusalem artichoke, table beet, and sea buckthorn. A feature of the improved technique is the implementation of preliminary heat treatment with hot steam of raw materials: apple – 1.0...2.0 min, Jerusalem artichoke – 3...6 min, and table beet – 6...12 min, respectively. Sea buckthorn was not processed, only technological rinsing was used. Grinding of raw materials was carried out on a double grinding machine (apple, Jerusalem artichoke, and table beet – 0.2...0.5 10-3 m, and sea buckthorn – 0.5...1 mm). The combined production of polycomponent semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness (pastes/fractional powder) was implemented using a model structure of functional equipment. The boiling process in a rotary-film evaporator was carried out at a temperature of 55 °C for 65 seconds to a dry matter content of 25 %. Drying of the cooked multicomponent mass was carried out in a single-drum cylindrical IR dryer at a temperature of 50 °C to a final moisture content of 3...6 % and fractional grinding (0.3...0.6 mm). The rheological properties of the paste-like multicomponent semi-finished product were determined by the change in dynamic viscosity for composition 2, which is 485 Pa∙s, and in the control sample of applesauce, this indicator is 50 Pa∙s. When boiling in a rotary-film evaporator at a temperature of 55 °C to a content of 30 % of dry substances, there is an increase in the strength of dynamic viscosity by 3.2 times (600 Pa∙s), and in the control (apple paste) this indicator is 178 Pa∙s with a dry matter content of 25 %

Simulation and experimental thermal analysis of ultrasonic vibration-assisted high-efficiency deep grinding of γ-TiAl blade tenon

Gamma titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds (γ-TiAl) have attracted considerable attention in the aerospace industry because of their outstanding thermal stability and broad range of properties. To analyze the grinding temperature during high-efficiency deep grinding (HEDG) and ultrasonic vibration-assisted high-efficiency deep grinding (UVHEDG) of γ-TiAl materials, both an analytical thermal model and a finite element simulation model were developed. Subsequent comparison trials between HEDG and UVHEDG were conducted to validate the accuracy of the simulation. The results show that the final prediction error can be effectively maintained within 15 %, and the temperature measurement curve fits well when an ultrasonic heat influence factor is incorporated into the 3D finite element model. The introduction of ultrasonic vibrations into the HEDG reduced the maximum grinding temperature by 39.1 %, effectively preventing grinding burns. The highest temperature consistently occurred in the top zone of the blade tenon tooth due to different heat conduction paths caused by the complex profile. This led to a 32.4 % and 31.9 % reduction in the grinding temperature in the bottom zone under HEDG and UVHEDG, respectively. The surface roughness of the machined blade tenon tooth reached 0.664 μm at the top and 0.721 μm at the bottom under UVHEDG, whereas it was 0.735 μm and 0.843 μm under HEDG.

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of material removal efficiency using abrasive microaggregates in grinding processes of Ti6Al4V

Reducing plastic interactions between abrasive grains and the material being processed improves grinding efficiency and lowers energy consumption. Widening the cutting zone with abrasive grains enhances chip formation and reduces lateral material displacement. This can be achieved by using abrasive microaggregates.The paper presents an experimental analysis of grinding with modified wheels containing abrasive microaggregates. It examines how these microaggregates impact the grinding wheel's surface microgeometry and material removal efficiency. The study measured changes in the number, surface area, volume, and spacing of active contact areas on the grinding wheel active surface. A comparative analysis using the Shos indicator showed that abrasive microaggregates promote the formation of active areas with wide cutting edges perpendicular to the cutting direction.Finite element method simulations confirmed that abrasive microaggregates enhance material removal by widening the micro-cutting zone and increasing lateral resistance, which reduces the formation of flashes along the cutting path. The study also assessed how these surface features impact the roughness of the ground surface. A comparative analysis of roughness parameters showed a statistically significant reduction in surface, volume, hybrid, and functional parameters when using grinding wheels with abrasive microaggregates. This analysis was conducted using bootstrap statistical hypothesis tests.

Dynamic reliability assessment for high CFRDs incorporating ground motion and material parameter variability via GPDEM

The randomness of earthquake and material parameters significantly impacts the seismic response and dynamic reliability of geotechnical engineering structures. In this study, a dynamic reliability analysis method for high concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs) under the influence of random factors is proposed by combining random sample generation methods with the generalized probability density evolution method (GPDEM). Firstly, the spectral representation-random function method is employed to achieve dimensionality reduction expression for intensity-frequency non-stationary ground motion. Sensitivity analysis is then used to identify the random variables of the rockfill constitutive model, and the improved generalized F-discrepancy (GF-discrepancy) method is utilized to generate random material parameters. Then, the random samples of earthquake and material parameter are introduced into the finite element calculation of CFRD, conducting a series of dynamic finite element calculations. Finally, GPDEM is used to derive probability information and dynamic reliability from the deterministic time history responses. The results indicate that random factors contribute to the variability of seismic response and dynamic reliability. Stochastic ground motion significantly affects extreme values, while variability in material parameters has a more pronounced influence on the overall process of seismic response. These findings provide valuable references for the seismic design of CFRDs.

ZVI-biochar granules for reactive chlorinated solvent filters generated by high temperature pyrolysis of iron(III) amended biomass

Reactive filters may replace activated carbon filters for degradation of chlorinated solvents in contaminated waters. Reactive porous filter materials with high hydraulic conductivity may be in form of millimeter sized zero valent iron (ZVI)-biochar granules produced via carbothermal reduction. We screened ZVI-biochar materials produced under different synthesis conditions including different iron sources, nitrogen additives and supplementary organic substrates followed by testing adsorption and dechlorination kinetics. Diatomaceous earth was used as an inorganic host reference material. The optimal product from the screening was identified as beech charcoal amended with Fe(III) chloride and urea followed by tube furnace pyrolysis at 1000 °C for 2 h. The millimeter sized granules have a high porosity of 79 %. This material resulted in fast trichloroethylene (TCE, 100–600 µM) sorption and complete dechlorination with acetylene as the main product. It also showed a 5 to 8.5-fold higher degradation capacity than the diatomaceous earth reference system. Fitted pseudo first-order dechlorination rate constants (0.114–0.281 h−1) were comparable to rates reported for powdered ZVI-activated carbon materials. In reactions with high TCE concentrations, Fe(0) consumption for TCE reduction reached up to 93.3 % demonstrating its high selectivity. Reactions with ground material demonstrated that intraparticle diffusion pose minor limitation to dehalogenation rates in the highly porous granules. Further tests demonstrated that the material was further highly reactive to tetrachloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethyene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). The ZVI-BC material addresses the dual challenges of achieving both high hydraulic conductivity and dehalogenation reactivity, offering a cost-efficient and sustainable option for filter material selection in the remediation of CEs using reactive filters or permeable reactive barriers.

Experimental vs. natural fulgurite: A comparison and implications for the formation process

Abstract Fulgurites are glassy structures formed when lightning strikes the ground, causing ground material (e.g., rocks, sediments, or soil) to melt and fuse. While fulgurites are relatively rare, they provide valuable insights into paleoecology and may play a key role in prebiotic chemistry. Despite their significance in nature, understanding the conditions underlying the formation of fulgurites poses severe challenges, as the physical parameters and timing of the fulgurite-generating lightning event still need to be discovered. Here, we use a unique opportunity from the recent in situ discovery of a natural fulgurite still embedded in its protolith. (The natural fulgurite-generating event is visible in the World Wide Lightning Network data.) Using a high-voltage setup, we further compare this natural fulgurite with the experimentally generated fulgurite obtained from the original protolith. The natural and experimental fulgurites exhibit evidence of similar melting sequences and post-melting recrystallization structures. Using Raman spectroscopy applied to the quartz phase transition, we estimate the thermal gradient present in the fulgurite during formation to be a minimum of 1600 °C at the inner wall of the fulgurite and ca. 600 °C at the outer wall of the fulgurite. Those findings suggest that the current responsible for the cloud-to-ground lightning discharges that generated the natural fulgurite lay in the range of 11 960 to 14 473 kA. The state of the experimental fulgurites matched that of the natural fulgurite, validating the experimental option for studying fulgurite generation.

Dynamic Thermomechanical Modeling of Rock‐Ice Avalanches: Understanding Flow Transitions, Water Dynamics, and Uncertainties

AbstractThe rapid melting of glaciers and thawing of permafrost in mountainous regions have heightened the danger of rock‐ice avalanches. These avalanches pose a severe threat due to their potential to transform into water‐saturated debris flows. The catastrophic event in Chamoli, India, on 7 February 2021, illustrates the devastating consequences of such processes. Developing a model capable of predicting the dynamics and extent of these events is imperative for natural hazard science and disaster mitigation. In response, we propose a depth‐averaged rock‐ice avalanche model encompassing four distinct materials: rock, ice, snow, and water. The model integrates crucial physical processes, including frictional heating, phase changes, ground material entrainment, and air‐blast hazards. Through a system of mass and momentum balance equations extended with grain flow and internal energy equations, the model captures heat exchanges and resulting phase changes as the fragmented material flows. Focusing on identifying the primary water source in the flow and testing the model on the 2021 Chamoli event, we quantify water's influence on flow dynamics and regime transitions. However, uncertainties persist in heat transfer physics and quantifying the hydro‐meteorological state of the flow path. Our thermo‐mechanical model enables the simulation of complex avalanches and identifies key flow transitions: powder cloud formation and potential debris flow transformation. The study underscores the pivotal role of water in avalanche dynamics and the challenge of accurately quantifying water content within the flow, necessitating comprehensive ground assessments for effective disaster management.

Determination of a standard efficiency using the ISOCS uncertainty estimator for calculating the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in concrete

The Activity Concentration Index (ACI) requires knowledge of the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th (212Pb), and 40K, typically determined through gamma spectrometry. The inherent heterogeneity of concrete makes the determination of gamma counting efficiency a complex problem. For this reason, this study employed the ISOCS Uncertainty Estimator (IUE), which allows for probabilistic calculations based on variations in parameters affecting counting efficiency, such as dimensions, density, and composition. The IUE enabled the estimation of a representative efficiency for a standard concrete configuration applicable to concrete specimens and samples from existing structures. The results obtained with the proposed efficiency for natural radionuclides of the uranium and thorium series, along with 40K, compared to the classical material grinding method, showed no significant differences in the mean and variance. The maximum differences observed when applying regression analysis were less than 16 %, thus validating the representative efficiency obtained with the IUE.

Preparation and Properties of Carbon Fiber/Flexible Graphite Composite Grounding Material

In this paper, flexible conductive composite materials were prepared from flexible graphite and carbon fiber by mould pressing, and their micromorphology was studied by SEM. The influence of carbon fiber content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the flexible conductive composite material was studied, and the corrosion rate of the flexible conductive composite material coupling with galvanized steel in soil with different SO42− concentrations was studied. The results showed that the tensile strength reached 5.82 MPa when the mass ratio of carbon fiber to flexible graphite was 1:20, and the volume resistivity achieved 4.76 × 10−5 Ω·m when the mass ratio of carbon fiber to flexible graphite was 1:30. With the increase in molding pressure, tensile strength and electrical conductivity had a slight increase. When the flexible conductive composite material was coupled with galvanized steel, sulfate could accelerate the galvanic cell corrosion between the flexible graphite grounding material and galvanized steel. The increase in the sulfate concentration led to more corrosion acceleration. With the increase in corrosion time, the corrosion potential of the flexible graphite grounding material and galvanized steel coupling body decreased to its lowest at 30 days, and then increased gradually. The corrosion current was the highest at 30 days, and then decreased gradually.

Optimization and Experimental Study of Iron Ore Grinding Medium Parameters Using EDEM Discrete Element Software.

Energy savings and consumption reduction of ball mills are crucial for industrial production. The grinding medium is an important component of a ball mill. In theory, using higher-density grinding media can yield better grinding results. However, for materials with varying grindability, employing grinding media of different densities can reduce energy consumption while maintaining the same grinding effect. This study simulates the motion of the grinding media in the mill using three different densities of balls and the same material (iron ore). The results reveal that balls with densities of 5.8 g/cm3 and 7.8 g/cm3 achieve faster grinding of materials into finer particles, but balls with a density of 5.8 g/cm3 consume less energy. Therefore, replacing a ball with a density of 5.8 g/cm3 in a ball mill can significantly reduce energy consumption. This study will assist in selecting the optimal grinding medium density for different materials, ultimately contributing to energy savings and reduced carbon emissions.

A FACILE METHOD TO PRODUCE HIGH-BULK AND HIGH-STRENGTH ROLLED RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO SHEET WITH REFINED TOBACCO CELLULOSE FIBERS

The rolling method is a pivotal means for reconstituted tobacco sheet (RTS) production due to its cost-effectiveness. However, the traditional rolling method is limited by its raw material grinding processes and yields of rolled RTS (RRTS) with subpar strength and bulk. Therefore, it is a challenge to develop a method to produce high-strength and high-bulk RRTS. Here, by replacing traditional raw materials grinding processes with papermaking refining processes, we present a facile and practical method to produce RRTS with elevated bulk and strength. This method separately refines tobacco leaves and stems into long and coarse leave and stem cellulose fibers. These fibers were subsequently reconstructed into RRTS. The detailed process parameters were optimized. The comparative RRTS with flax fibers instead of stem fibers was investigated. The optimal formula of new RRTS was determined. The updated processes, along with the use of refined cellulose fibers, led the RRTS to a significant improvement in strength and bulk, with a 5.3-fold increase in strength, and a 0.7-fold increase in bulk, while smoking qualities were preserved, which surpassed the smoking experience of RRTS with flax fibers. We anticipate this work will enhance the qualities of RTS and facilitate the transition of traditional tobacco industries toward healthier directions.

On the issue of Christianization of the population of the Taz River Subarctic (by the materials of the burial ground of Num-hibya-siheri VIa)

On the issue of Christianization of the population of the Taz River Subarctic (by the materials of the burial ground of Num-hibya-siheri VIa)

Fine-grained concrete with the addition of highly dispersed brick scrap powder

The use of brick breakage in concretes and in binder compositions is a promising direction for the development of recycling ceramic bricks. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the possibility of using mineral powders obtained from brick breakage as an effective dispersed component in the production of fine-grained concrete. In the work, mechanical grinding of ceramic raw material was carried out at different grinding times. It wasestablished that for brick-breakage powders, an increase in the grinding time does not lead to a proportional increase in the specific surface area of the powders.The maximum effective increase in the specific surface area of the obtained powders is fixed at a grinding duration of up to 5 minutes. Using differential thermal analysis, it is shown that crushed brick is not an active mineral additive, but can act as crystallization centers during the formation of hydrosilicates in the structure of composites. Samples of fine-grained concrete were produced, in which part of the cement was replaced with ceramic powders obtained at different grinding duration. It was determined that the replacement of cement in concrete mixtures with this highly dispersed additive in an amount of 20% (by weight), obtained at an optimal grinding time in a ball mill, does not lead to a change in the physico-chemical characteristics of the final concrete composite.

Grinding of particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials: current status and prospects

Grinding of particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials: current status and prospects

Use of pumice stone and silica fume as precursor material for the design of a geopolymer.

Geopolymers are alternative materials to cement because they require less energy in their production process; hence, they contribute to the reduction in CO 2 emissions. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using industrial residues such as silica fume (SF) to improve the physical and mechanical properties of a pumice stone (PS)-based geopolymer. Through an experimental methodology, the process starts with the extraction, grinding, and sieving of the raw material to carry out the physical and chemical characterization of the resulting material, followed by the dosage of the geopolymer mixture considering the factors that influence the resistance mechanical strength. Finally, the physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymer were characterized. This research was carried out in four stages: characterization of the pumice stone, design of the geopolymer through laboratory tests, application according to the dosage of the concrete, and analysis of the data through a multi-criteria analysis. It was determined that the optimal percentage of SF replacement is 10%, which to improves the properties of the geopolymer allowing to reach a maximum resistance to compression and flexion of 14.10 MPa and 4.78 MPa respectively, showing that there is a direct relationship between the percentage of SF and the resistance. Geopolymer preparation involves the use of PS powder with a composition rich in silicon and aluminum. The factors influencing strength include the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, water content, temperature, curing time, molarity of sodium hydroxide, and binder ratio. The results showed an increase in the compression and flexural strength with 10% SF replacement. The geopolymer's maximum compressive strength indicates its non-structural use, but it can be improved by reducing the PS powder size.

Development of a novel functional food based on ultrafine grinding and medicinal food raw materials formula

AbstractMedicinal food raw materials refer to those raw materials with food and possess medicinal value. They were particularly suitable for developing novel functional food. In this study, a novel functional food based on ultrafine grinding treatment of Ganoderma, yam, wolfberry, Rhizoma polygonati, raspberry, and euryale ferox (GYWRRE) with a specifically designed formula was developed and characterized. The results were shown that the ultrafine GYWRRE powder presented a relatively regular structure and smooth surface. It had notable decreases in fluidity and oil‐holding capacity but increases in characteristic nutrient content and antioxidant capacity. The ultrafine GYWRRE powder also could prevent oxidative stress in C2C12 cells by reducing the contents of reactive oxygen species and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and increasing expressions of heme oxygenase‐1 and NQO1. The results of this study were demonstrated that medicinal food raw materials and ultrafine grinding had great applications potentials in developing functional food.Practical applicationsMedicinal food refers to those natural ingredients that serve both as food and possess medicinal value. Ultrafine grinding technology is a meticulously engineered method capable of grinding raw materials to the micron level, thereby increasing their surface area, improving their bioavailability, and potentially enhancing their medicinal properties and bioavailability. This study developed an ultrafine grinding treatment of Ganoderma, yam, wolfberry, Rhizoma polygonati, raspberry and euryale ferox (GYWRRE) with a specifically designed formula. The characteristics of the ultrafine GYWRRE powder contained particle size, morphology, colorimetry, liquidity, hydration, adsorption, and characteristic nutrients were characterized. The antioxidant capacity in vitro and in cells as well as the possible mechanism were also explored. The results of this study will be helpful for development of novel functional foods.

Hierarchical and mixed uncertainty quantification for simulation-based structural seismic fragility analysis

Seismic fragility assessments (SFA) encompass significant uncertainties, including ground motions, materials, geometry, boundaries, and modeling, which impart inherent uncertainties to the fragility curve. Quantifying these uncertainties is essential for informed decision-making in earthquake disaster mitigation. This paper presents a hierarchical uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework for simulation-based SFA, which can address mixed aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The framework comprises two levels: At Level 1, ground motion uncertainties are accounted for through record-to-record variation, while structural parameter uncertainties are captured using well-defined probability distributions. The quantification of uncertainty in seismic fragility is accomplished using mean and quantile fragility curves, representing the average outcome and the dispersion of structural fragility, respectively. Fuzziness is also introduced to enhance the objectivity of failure determination. Level 2 addresses uncertainties in the distribution hyper-parameters of structural variables through evidence theory, facilitating an understanding of their influence on the seismic fragility curve and quantifying uncertainty in mean and quantile fragility curves. This UQ framework builds upon the multivariate seismic fragility analysis method, integrating Kriging regression for seismic demand prediction and logistic regression for generating multivariate seismic fragility functions. The proposed framework is validated numerically on an existing three-span reinforced concrete continuous girder bridge, affirming its practical utility and reliability.

Improvement of mechanochemical leaching of zinc oxide ore — Optimization of grinding parameters for basket grinder

The mechanochemical leaching (MCL) process presents promising potential for efficiently extracting zinc from zinc oxide ores. This study analyzed the effects of several grinding parameters, including the agitator type, grinding ball size and material, grinding ball addition, and stirring speed, on the zinc leaching. Among them, the agitator type affects the flow form and mass transfer rate of the solution, the grinding ball size and material affects the crushing effect of the mineral powder, the grinding ball addition affects the state of motion of the grinding ball, and the stirring speed affects the grinding effect of the grinding ball on the mineral powder, which in turn affects the extraction of zinc. Experimental results show that optimization of these grinding parameters results in higher zinc leaching rates at lower energy costs. Under optimal conditions, the zinc leaching rate can reach 86.02% through the optimized MCL process, which is 9.38% higher than the conventional leaching process. Analysis techniques, such as XRD, particle size analysis, SEM-EDS, and EPMA, were utilized to examine leaching residues. The leaching mechanism of MCL process is derived under mechanical activation to destroy the insoluble product layer of zinc oxide ores (such as gangue), expose the zinc containing components, change the physical and chemical properties (such as mineral structure, particle size, and specific surface area), and enhance the reactivity of zinc oxide ore, and enhancing zinc leaching. The optimized MCL process offers the benefits of a straightforward process, reduced energy consumption, and eco-friendliness. This process has vast potential in the development and utilization of low-grade refractory zinc oxide ores in the Lanping area.

Relationship Between the Shape of Giant Reed-Based Fillers and Thermal Properties of Polyethylene Composites: Structural Related Thermal Expansion and Diffusivity Studies

AbstractThis paper describes the effect of two different fillers derived from giant reed (Arundo donax L.), namely fibers and shredded aerial parts of the plant, on the thermal properties of polyethylene-based composites, as the analysis of dimensional stability of lignocellulose-based composites, and its relationship with their thermal diffusivity, has not yet been assessed in the literature. It has been found that the introduction of such materials resulted in a significant reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion, particularly more important in the case of fibers, due to their higher aspect ratio; in particular, this coefficient is reduced to less than half for fibrous composites (from 1.6·10− 4 K− 1 to 6.1·10− 5 K− 1 or 3.5·10− 5 K− 1 for 20 and 40% loadings). This parameter also influences the thermal diffusivity of the final parts; the diffusivity of composites increases with the ratio of lignocellulosic filler used, particularly when using fibers, due to a better orientation of these fibers than the shredded material, which does not exhibit a fibrous shape. Composites with 20% share of the filler exhibited a thermal diffusivity increased by about 15% compared to neat polyethylene, while 40% loadings resulted in a 25% and 60% increase for ground and fibrous materials, respectively. These results provide additional features to lignocellulose-composites characterization, providing properties not usually mentioned in the literature to expand the knowledge about such composite materials beyond mechanical properties, providing a broader range of properties to offer a wider application area of such composites. Statement of NoveltyArundo donax L. is of great interest to biorefineries due to its fast growth and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Most research on this plant species focuses on obtaining energy products or valuable chemicals, while very few are related to composite production, particularly on thermoplastic materials. The work found in the literature so far does not provide insights into the relationships between the types of filler (and their aspect ratio) and their thermal properties. Therefore, this work expands the knowledge on the thermal behavior of lignocellulose-polymer composites, supplementing the research, usually focused only on mechanical properties, in their characterization by correlative analysis of thermal influenced dimensional change with structure and thermal diffusivity. Determining the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is a relevant parameter to assess the possibilities of using a material at high or low temperatures and evaluate the dimensional stability of a product during its service lifetime. On the other hand, thermal diffusivity brings together the capacity of a material to store thermal energy and distribute it throughout the material; that is, it relates heat capacity and thermal conductivity, which are also essential in using materials in market applications. Therefore, the work not only provides the results of thermal diffusivity and CTE of thermoplastic-reed composites but also correlates both parameters as a way to widen the range of application of plant-based composites in areas where dimensional stability (i.e., low thermal expansion) is required. Graphical Abstract