Grid Connected Wind Energy System Research Articles

An Initiative Towards Efficient and Sustainable V2G Technology Fed STATCOM for Grid connected Wind Energy System

The proliferation of renewable energy sources, particularly wind energy, has significantly contributed to the diversification of the global energy mix and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the intermittent nature of wind power generation poses challenges to the stability and reliability of the power grid. This paper explores the integration of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for grid-connected wind energy systems. Novelty. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles (EVs) and the power grid, allowing EV batteries to serve as energy storage devices. This capability can be leveraged to support grid stability and reliability by utilizing EV batteries to store surplus wind energy during periods of high generation and release it back to the grid during periods of low generation or high demand. Purpose. This effectively mitigates the intermittency and variability of wind power, smoothing out fluctuations and improving grid stability. Methods. By employing V2G technology and leveraging the dual-purpose battery solution can compensate the grid voltage fluctuations and improve power factors in grid-connected wind energy systems, enhancing overall system stability and reliability. Results. The Hystersis current controller (HCC) scheme is used for controlling STATCOM to enhance the dynamic performance. Practical value. The system is simulated in its entirety using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) . The proposed sustainable model will pave the way for maintaining the true power supply under varying wind conditions.

Grid Connected Wind Energy System Power Quality Improvement Using STATCOM

The wind energy generation, utilization and its grid penetration in electrical grid are increasing worldwide. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The wind generated power is always fluctuating due to its time varying nature and causing stability problems. This weak interconnection of wind generating source in the electrical network affects the power quality and reliability. This paper demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. In this proposed scheme Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system to mitigate the power quality issues. The STATCOM gives reactive power support to wind generator and also load. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set.

Improvement of Power Quality in Grid Connected Wind Energy System

Abstract: This research covers industrial plant-connected wind turbine system control. An algorithm permits a control structure that uses a four-leg inverter linked to the grid to inject energy and operate as an active power filter, reducing load current disturbances and improving power quality. Algorithms enable this control structure. A four-wire system considers linear and nonlinear three-phase and single-phase loads. The utility-side controller supplies active and reactive power and adjusts for reactive, nonlinear, and unbalanced single- and intra-phase demands during wind turbine connection. Besides providing power, this is done. If there is no wind power, the controller uses the DC-link capacitor and grid-connected power converter to improve power quality. The proposed control structure is based on conservative power theory decompositions, which distinguishes it from previous techniques. This option separates the inverter control power and current references, giving a broad variety of adaptable, selective, and powerful functions. Real-time software benchmarking has tested the recommended control technique for comprehensive real-time implementation. The real-time simulator "FACTS" and the DSP microcontroller test and implement the control strategy in hardware-in-the-loop. These results confirmed our power quality improvement control, allowing us to omit passive filters. This created an electronic smart grid-based control system that was more efficient, adaptive, and reliable.

Prediction Error-Based Power Forecasting of Wind Energy System Using Hybrid WT–ROPSO–NARMAX Model

The volatility and intermittency of wind energy result in highly unpredictable wind power output, which poses challenges to the stability of the intact power system when integrating large-scale wind power. The accuracy of wind power prediction is critical for maximizing the utilization of wind energy, improving the quality of power supply, and maintaining the stable operation of the power grid. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel hybrid forecasting model, referred to as Hybrid WT–PSO–NARMAX, which combines wavelet transform, randomness operator-based particle swarm optimization (ROPSO), and non-linear autoregressive moving average with external inputs (NARMAX). The model is specifically designed for power generation forecasting in wind energy systems, and it incorporates the interactions between the wind system’s supervisory control and data acquisition’s (SCADA) actual power record and numerical weather prediction (NWP) meteorological data for one year. In the proposed model, wavelet transform is utilized to significantly improve the quality of the chaotic meteorological and SCADA data. The NARMAX techniques are used to map the non-linear relationship between the NWP meteorological variables and SCADA wind power. ROPSO is then employed to optimize the parameters of NARMAX to achieve higher forecasting accuracy. The performance of the proposed model is compared with other forecasting strategies, and it outperforms in terms of forecasting accuracy improvement. Additionally, the proposed Prediction Error-Based Power Forecasting (PEBF) approach is introduced, which retrains the model to update the results whenever the difference between forecasted and actual wind powers exceeds a certain limit. The efficiency of the developed scheme is evaluated through a real case study involving a 180 MW grid-connected wind energy system located in Shenyang, China. The proposed model’s forecasting accuracy is evaluated using various assessment metrics, including mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), with the average values of MAE and RMSE being 0.27% and 0.30%, respectively. The simulation and numerical results demonstrated that the proposed model accurately predicts wind output power.

Modeling and Examination of Grid Connected Wind Energy System with PSCAD

Rüzgâr değişken yapılı bir enerji kaynağıdır. Şebekeye bağlı rüzgâr türbin sistemlerinde rüzgârın değişken yapısı şebekeyi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Burada önemli olan şebeke entegrasyon etkilerinin standartlar dahilinde olmasını sağlayabilmektir. Bu sayede şebekede ciddi problemlerin oluşması engellenir. Bu nedenle şebeke entegrasyon etkilerinin araştırılması ve bu etkilerin azaltılmasına yönelik çalışmaların önceden yapılması oldukça önemlidir. Ancak literatürde şebeke entegrasyon etkilerinin incelenmesi ve bu etkilerin azaltılmasına yönelik yapılan sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, şebekeye bağlı 3 MVA’lık kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron generatöre (KMSG) sahip bir rüzgâr türbin sistemi, PSCAD/EMTDC’de modellenmiştir. Oluşturulan model yardımıyla rüzgârın değişken yapısı, rüzgâr enerji santrallerinin şebekeye entegrasyonu incelenmiş ve farklı yük koşulları altında rüzgâr santralinden şebekeye aktarılan güç miktarları sunulmuştur. Aynı zamanda rüzgârın kesikli ve değişken yapısının şebeke üzerinde oluşturabileceği olumsuz etkiler analiz edilerek bu etkilerin azaltılması amacıyla, DC hat üzerinde invertörün kontrollü çalışmasını sağlayan gerilim regülasyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Performance Analysis Using Multi-Year Parameters for a Grid-Connected Wind Power System

One of the most crucial solutions to the issues of climate change and global warming is clean energy. However, creating intelligent, resilient, and sustainable systems is a worldwide problem, particularly for grid-connected Renewable Energy Systems (RES). Therefore, it is important to investigate how prospective changes in electricity pricing, renewable energy sources, and load demand could affect system performance during the projects. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of a grid-connected wind energy system located in the Al-Jouf region in Saudi Arabia. To this end, the potential of renewable energy sources was assessed using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) software, that also carried out the technical and economic study utilizing multi-year parameters. The novelty of this study is that it is the first-ever investigation of a grid-connected wind farm system in Saudi Arabia that considers the impact of multi-year parameters such as the grid price, system fixed operation, maintenance cost, and the AC electric load. The results showed that the proposed system in the chosen area recorded a very low Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of around 0.06 USD/kWh compared to other systems. Also, running a multi-year model showed that the considered parameters have an impact on the system’s performance, and this reflects the importance of considering these parameters in any such system that will increase the study’s accuracy.

Performance Improvement of Weak Grid-Connected Wind Energy System Using FLSRF-Controlled DSTATCOM

Wind energy (WE) is emerging as a green and clean energy source. The power quality (PQ) significantly deteriorates when WE sources are connected to the weak ac grid. This is due to the variable wind speed, the impedance of weak grids, and nonlinear loads. This article proposes a methodology to improve the PQ in the weak grid with WE penetration using additional distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). Fuzzy logic (FL) controller is implemented in the conventional synchronous reference frame (SRF) scheme to minimize the oscillations in the voltage signals. Also, a feedforward block of the WE source is incorporated in the FLSRF control scheme for adapting changes associated with the wind speed. The proposed control scheme accommodates the changes related to the grid’s strength, wind speed, load currents, and dc-link voltage dynamics to estimate the switching signals for the DSTATCOM. The MATLAB simulation and experimental studies established the effectiveness of the proposed method for enhancing the PQ performance of weak grid-connected WE sources in the presence of nonlinear loads.

Control of DSTATCOM Using ANN-BP Algorithm for the Grid Connected Wind Energy System

Green energy sources are implemented for the generation of power due to their substantial advantages. Wind generation is the best among renewable options for power generation. Generally, the wind system is directly connected with the power network for supplying power. In direct connection, there is an issue of managing power quality (PQ) concerns such as voltage sag, swells, flickers, harmonics, etc. In order to enhance the PQ in a power network with a wind energy conversion system (WECS), peripheral compensation is needed. In this paper, we highlight a novel control technique to improve the PQ in WECS by adopting an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM). In our proposed approach, an online learning-based ANN Back Propagation (BP) model is used to generate the gate pulses of the DSTATCOM, which mitigate the harmonics at the grid side. It is modelled using the MATLAB platform and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the system is compared with and without DSTATCOM. The harmonics at the source side decreased to less than 5% and are within the IEEE limits. The results obtained reveal that the proposed online learning-based ANN-BP is superior in nature.

Power quality improvement of wind energy system using energy storage model and DSTATCOM

Nowadays power crises in different countries are observed and the main cause of the power crisis is the huge gap between the supply and demand of electricity, renewable energy sources are identified as an alternative to overcome the power crisis gap. Renewable wind energy is the most promising energy source. Increasing the integration of wind energy into the grid causes the exploitation of power quality. Hence there is a need to deal with this issue. In this case, supercapacitors and custom power devices are introduced as smart energy storage devices in grid-connected wind energy systems for power quality enhancement features. The indirect current control scheme has interfered with custom power devices based on DSTATCOM. The optimal MATLAB-based smart energy storage model and hardware results are compared and validated. power quality improvement feature of grid-connected wind energy system using DSTATCOM is highlighted. The main aim of this study is to determine and interface the optimistic energy storage device into grid connected wind energy system. So that the stability of the wind energy system is to be maintained and also able to enhance the overall efficiency of the wind energy system.

A high degree of direct torque control applied to a grid-connected wind energy system based on a DFIG

This paper presents the performances improvement of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a wind turbine (WT) using direct torque control (DTC). However, the major drawbacks related to DTC are high torque/flux ripples that produce mechanical vibration and disagreeable noise. The use of multilevel inverters seems to be an interesting solution. A three-level voltage source (inverter) converter (3LVSI) connected to the rotor side of the DFIG is considered in this paper. The high freedom degree of the voltage vectors selection in the 3LVSI allows a control with minimal torque and flux ripples. In addition, a fuzzy logic approach is introduced, to ensure an intelligent extraction of the energy sweeping the WT blades. A variable adjustment step enables an optimal extraction in a minimum tracking time with significant reduction of oscillations in the steady state. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK demonstrate the effectiveness of the 3LVSI-DTC control based on Fuzzy MPPT in the wind energy conversion system (WECS).

Optimal Planning of Co-Located Wind Energy and Hydrogen Plants: A Techno-Economic Analysis

Green hydrogen produced using renewable electricity could play an important role in a clean energy future. This paper seeks to analyze the techno-economic performance of integrated wind and hydrogen systems under different conditions. A co-located wind and hydrogen hybrid system is optimized to reduce the total system cost. We have adopted and improved a state-of-the-art techno-economic tool REopt, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), for optimal planning of the integrate energy system (IES). In addition to wind and electrolyzer components, we have also considered battery energy storage, hydrogen tank, and hydrogen fuel cell in the IES. The results show that (i) adding electrolyzers to the grid-connected wind energy system could reduce the total system cost by approximately 8.9%, and (ii) adding electrolyzers, hydrogen tank, and hydrogen fuel cells could reduce the total system cost by approximately 30%.

Improved dynamic performance of permanent magnet synchronous generator based grid connected wind energy system

ABSTRACT This comprehensive work investigates the reactive power control capability of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based grid-connected wind energy system (WES). Series compensation scheme-based DVR is employed to mitigate three-phase faults by injecting regulated voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) bus through a series injection transformer. An improved hysteresis controller, a multi-loop-based controller consists of a hybrid system of the conventional PI controller, and feed-forward with feedback loop-based voltage-controlled DVR is the novelty of this article. DVR-modified hysteresis control highlights how grid-connected WES might increase their stability and dynamic performance. The suggested approach operates quickly, smoothly, and consistently, and it is designed and implemented in Matlab-Simulink software, and the performance of the proposed controller is validated with a comparative analysis between conventional synchronous reference frame controller DVRs. As a result, the total performance can demonstrate the efficiency of the recommended strategy. The suggested system produces very low THD values, 1.04% for grid-connected WES, when compared to the other approach. The instructive subject of this work, the clear choice of control method and electric circuit, ensures that the optimal fact of DVR topology meets the required power quality. This study also provides useful information to researchers in this sector.

Robustification of the H[formula omitted] controller combined with fuzzy logic and PI&PID-F[formula omitted] for hybrid control of Wind Energy Conversion System Connected to the Power Grid Based on DFIG

This paper proposes a strategy for hybrid control of variable speed wind turbines connected to the electrical grid, using a Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). An efficient validation approach is presented in three steps. The first step concerns the comparison of performances between Fuzzy Logic (FL), H infinity (H∞) and Integral Proportional action (PI) controllers. In a system context based on the DFIG direct vector control structure, the strengths of H∞ are reinforced in the second step by implementing two new advanced mixed controllers, namely the FL-H∞ and the combination of the PI, the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) action, the Filter Derivative (Fd) action and the H∞ (PI&PID-Fd)-H∞. The second step, based on a simplified system of indirect vector control structure of the DFIG, allows the performance of the (PI&PID-Fd)-H∞ to be compared with that of the FL-H∞. In contrast to the latter, it emerges that, in addition to its simplicity of implementation and the reduction in calculation and simulation time, the (PI&PID-Fd)-H∞ is very reassuring in terms of robustness against mixed uncertainties, stability, precision, tracking and decoupling between active (PS) and reactive (QS)power. This makes (PI&PID-Fd)-H∞ a very advantageous choice for the design of the proposed hybrid control system. The final step gives a more real-life picture of hybrid control of the wind system as follows, a random wind model is considered, an FL regulates the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of the turbine model, the PI-H∞ and (PID-Fd)-H∞ control the Ps and Qs on the nominal DFIG model via a Rotor Side Converter (RSC), an FL regulates the DC-BUS voltage and the H∞ control the currents via a Grid Side Converter (GSC) and filter. According to the results, and in contrast to a conventional PI control system, the hybrid control system offered has very good performance, particularly with regard to, for example, optimal extraction of energy from the wind, the currents fed into the grid are well balanced, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is reduced and the cos ϕ is almost equal to unity. In addition, a good compromise between stability and expected performance is ensured. Consequently, the proposed strategy has reasonable and very favourable advantages for the optimisation of energy conversion in grid-connected wind energy systems. The results are developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Power Quality Improvement Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer on Grid-Connected Wind Energy System

Reduction of fossil fuels and increasing technology made importance of wind generation as renewable energy sources. With increasing number of wind farms fed to grid increases grid fault issues due to various wind systems disconnected from grid during grid faults. To get better grid operation, wind farms are probable to be carried during disturbance related to grid faults extensively known as fault ride through capability. In proposed system a fault ride through method in wind farm management system connected to grid is investigated in term of critical clearing time. This paper examines the use of dynamic voltage restorer on the enhancement of fixed-speed wind generator systems. The controller capability performance, drive performance, and cost factor are considered. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink for constant speed wind generators with closed-loop controller-based DVR are tested. The constant speed drive called synchronous generator-based wind system feed to an infinite bus system. Simulation results show the wind system with DVR has better fault ride-through capability other compensated voltages and is more efficient in minimizing voltage fluctuations called sag/swell and wind generator’s speed. Additionally, DVR aids wind generators to maintain voltage sag/swell with the grid limits requirements with economical as compared to other voltage compensating systems.

Power Quality Improvement by using a STATCOM Control Scheme for Grid Connected Wind Energy System

Renewable electricity assets inclusive of air, solar, water, biomass, and many others. Are crucial for sustainable development and social development, in addition to assembly power wishes through the usage of renewable electricity resources. Complete renewable electricity such as wind strength is needed in the energy device to lessen environmental influences. The project proposes the STATCOM manage plan for grid-connected wind electricity structures to increase strength excellent. The bang-bang controller changed into advanced for STATCOM primarily based at the hysteresis cutting-edge manipulate scheme. STATCOM has been merged with common coupling to reduce electricity excellent problems. The STATCOM manage scheme implemented for the grid related wind strength era machine used to enhance the power quality is simulated the usage of the MATLAB / Simulink inside the electricity device block set. This proposed scheme ensures an increase in energy great in production output.

Power Quality Improvement using Intelligent Controllers for a Grid Connected Wind Energy System

The design and performance of single- stage single-stage wind energy meet in the integrated energy quality controller. An essential aspect of shunt compensator the effect of the consonant material is to reduce or prevent the load. In the existing technology, buck-boost converter based power quality improvement for a renewable energy framework. The trouble is the chaotic plan, the high past plan, the conversion mode, and the wave in the current cycle. Therefore, in the proposed technology, the power quality improvement for renewable energy-based (Static Synchronous Compensator) STATCOM based ANFIS demonstrations. Probability by taking into account the high accuracy and low calculation time in the planning and assessing flood vulnerability. Also known as a regulator, on-off regulator, or hysteresis regulator, it is a critical regulator that switches between the two states. These regulators can be traced to a component that gives hysteria. Introduced the KY Help Converter, which merges with the KY Converter Custom Lift Converter. Such a converter has uninterrupted information and yields inductive currents, not the same as a conventional lift converter. Furthermore, subsequently, this converter is suitable for low-bloat applications. The proposed converter's classified outlines to test this currency converter's efficiency are given, along with some experimental results.

Mitigation of harmonics and inter-harmonics with LVRT and HVRT enhancement in grid-connected wind energy systems using genetic algorithm- optimized PWM and fuzzy adaptive PID control

The growing installed wind capacity over the last decade has led many energy regulators to define specific grid codes for wind energy generation systems connecting to the electricity grid. These requirements impose strict laws regarding the Low Voltage Ride Though (LVRT) and High Voltage Ride Though (HVRT) capabilities of wind turbines during voltage disturbances. The main aim of this paper is to propose LVRT and HVRT strategies that allow wind systems to remain connected during severe grid voltage disturbances. Power quality issues associated with harmonics and inter-harmonics are also discussed and a control scheme for the grid-side converter is proposed to make the Wind Energy Conversion System insensitive to external disturbances and parametric variations. The Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation technique based on Genetic Algorithm optimization is employed to overcome over-modulation problems, reduce the amplitudes of harmonics, and thus reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion in the current and voltage waveforms. Furthermore, to compensate for the fluctuations of the wind speed due to turbulence at the blades of the turbine, a fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller with adaptive gains is proposed to control the converter on the generator side.

Grid connected wind energy system through a back-to-back converter

This paper discusses the integration of wind energy system in Derna, Libya to the main grid of General Electricity company of Libya (GECOL) through a back-to-back converter. The machine side converter is used to regulate the AC and DC voltages while the grid side converter is used to control the active and reactive power supplied by the wind energy system. To achieve a relatively simple and decoupled control, the controllers are implemented in the QD reference frame. The proposed system is simulated using MatLab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show the rapid response of the control system in following the commanded active and reactive power commands and the robustness of the proposed system to the changes in operating conditions.

Fault mitigation through multi converter UPQC with hysteresis controller in grid connected wind system

The ability of parallel compensation for voltage and current in bus system is known as Multi Converter Unified Power Quality Conditioner (MC-UPQC). It improve the Power Quality (PQ) of the renewable energy sources. The combination of current and voltage quality is known as PQ. The PQ problems, named as imbalance, flicker, and harmonics, the electronically switched and nonlinear devices with increasing applications in distribution systems and industries have become serious concerns. In this paper, improved fuzzy-based MC-UPQC is proposed for improving the PQ in grid connected wind energy system (WES). Improved fuzzy, that is hybrid fuzzy incremental conductance controlled MC-UPQC is the novelty in this study. Fuzzy incremental conductance is introduced to search the maximum power point in wind energy conversion system. From the grid, the proposed controller joined with MC-UPQC improve the WES. At the same time, the system can recompense the current and voltage imperfections in adjacent feeders. A normal dc-link capacitor is shared by all converters in this configuration. Hence, the power transfer from one to adjacent feeders is possible. The proposed work is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. Through the hysteresis controller, the performance analysis is carried out. Finally the results are compared with existing controller’s namely proportional integral and a conventional fuzzy logic controller. Thus, the overall performance can display the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Compared to other two existing approaches, the proposed scheme achieves very low THD values i.e. 3.53% for load 1 and 3.25% for load 2.

Power Enhancement With Grid Stabilization of Renewable Energy-Based Generation System Using UPQC-FLC-EVA Technique

The proposed work focuses on the power enhancement of grid-connected solar photovoltaic and wind energy (PV-WE) system integrated with an energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs). The research works available in the literature emphasize only on PV, PV-ESS, WE, and WE-ESS. The enhancement techniques such as Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Generalized UPFC (GUPFC), and Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques including Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)-UPFC, and Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)-FLC have been perceived in the existing literature for power enhancement. Further, the EVs are emerging as an integral domain of the power grid but because of the uncertainties and limitations involved in renewable energy sources (RESs) and ESS, the EVs preference towards the RES is shifted away. Therefore, it is required to focus on improving the power quality of the PV-WE-ESS-EV system connected with the grid, which is yet to be explored and validated with the available technique for enhancing power quality. Furthermore, in the case of the bidirectional power flow from vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V), optimal controlling is crucial for which an electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) is designed. The designed EVA is proposed for the PV-WE-ESS-EV system so as to obtain the benefits such as uninterruptible power supply, effective the load demand satisfaction, and efficient utilization of the electrical power. The power flow from source to load and from one source to another source is controlled with the support of FLC. The FLC decides the economic utilization of power during peak load and off-peak load. The reduced power quality at the load side is observed as a result of varying loads in the random fashion and this issue is sorted out by using UPQC in this proposed study. From the results, it can be observed that the maximum power is achieved in the case of PV and WE systems with the help of the FLC-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. Furthermore, the artificial neural network (ANN)-based technique is utilized for the development of the MPPT algorithm which in turn is employed for the validation of the proposed technique. The outputs of both the techniques are compared to select the best-performing technique. A key observation from the results and analysis indicates that the power output from FLC-based MPPT is better than that of ANN-based MPPT. Thus, the proper and economical utilization of power is achieved with the help of FLC and UPQC. It can be inferred that the EVs can play a vital role in imparting the flexibility in terms of power consumption and grid stabilization during peak load and off-peak load durations provided that the proper control techniques and grid integration are well-established.