Grey Evaluation Model Research Articles

A study of investment decision behavior based on risk analysis

Abstract Risk analysis of investment decision-making behavior is to improve the ability to prevent investment risks in order to guarantee the success rate of investment decisions. In this paper, the risk evaluation level is determined by calculating the correlation degree of risk indicators through the establishment of the material topology matrix, and the gray evaluation coefficients are determined by using the gray correlation analysis of the whitening weight function to construct the gray evaluation model. The risk index factors and the overall gray evaluation were analyzed by using the material topology model and the gray evaluation model. From the physical topology evaluation, the market risk correlation is −0.00825, which means the special level risk. From the grey comprehensive evaluation score, the overall evaluation score is 6.884 overall risk level is medium grade line. This shows that using the model constructed in this paper can effectively realize the risk analysis of investment decisions and provide a guidance basis for investors to take effective measures for different types of risks.

A Novel Method of Teaching Quality Monitoring and Evaluation from the Perspective of Educational Balance

Exploring the problem of teaching quality monitoring and evaluation from the perspective of educational balance can help educators and policy makers discover educational inequality problems, thereby promoting fair allocation of educational resources and opportunities. In light of this, this study attempts to research teaching quality monitoring and evaluation from the perspective of educational balance. At first, the mechanism of promoting educational balance by information technology was expounded, and the principle and necessity of a comprehensive assessment based on the evaluation results of different evaluators were explained. Then, this study innovatively introduced the whitening weight function (WWF)-grey evaluation model into the conventional grey clustering evaluation, calculated the unit comprehensive clustering coefficients of the indexes of teaching quality evaluation from the perspective of educational balance, and gave fair, accurate, and effective evaluations. After that, the grey GM (1,1) model was applied to the prediction of teaching quality improvement effect, the future trend of teaching quality changes was predicted based on history data, and the results provided references for teaching reform and educational decision-making. At last, experimental results verified the validity of the proposed method.

A grey comprehensive evaluation model for wheat quality incorporating PCA-EWM

The objective and accurate evaluation of wheat quality is the key to ensuring the safety of wheat storage. Due to the complexity and variability of wheat quality, traditional methods, such as the evaluation of single physical and chemical index, have the problems of insufficient information and poor differentiation of fuzzy intervals. Based on grey systems theory, this paper proposes a new comprehensive wheat quality grading model. Firstly, eight physical and chemical indices are selected as the factor set of the evaluation model, and the key quality indices are analyzed and screened by principal component analysis (PCA). The entropy weight method (EWM) is then used to measure the importance of the contribution of selected indices to wheat quality information. Finally, the grey evaluation model is then used to determine the grey correlation of the evaluation levels of different batches of wheat, and to rank the superiority and inferiority. The model is applied to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of wheat samples, verifying the feasibility and validity of the model and providing some theoretical guidance for the evaluation of wheat quality.

Grey system theory in sustainable development research—a literature review (2011−2021)

PurposeAs the grey systems theory has been widely used in the field of sustainable development (SD) research, in the following, a short literature overview will be put forward, starting from the usage of these theories in the economic development, social inclusion and environmental protection contributions to the evolving process of SD during 2011–2021. The purpose of this paper is to identify some key studies from all the SD areas in which the grey systems can be used in order to open and to bring the researchers to new domains in which they can reveal their interest and in which they can successfully use the methods offered by the grey systems theory.Design/methodology/approachUsing the search engine offered by the Google Scholar and the Web of Science (WoS), a literature review has been performed for the grey systems applications on SD research on both grey relational analysis (GRA) and grey forecasting. In addition, some grey evaluation theories – clustering evaluation models and grey target decision models – have also been presented.FindingsMany grey models are widely used in the field of SD. Compared with other methods such as grey prediction, grey evaluation and decision-making model, GRA technology is the most used method, and the research using this method is more than three times that of all other methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe present paper identifies some of the most representative examples in which the grey system theory (GST) has been used, but, in the same time, there are a lot of studies that have not been mentioned here due to the lack of space.Originality/valueThe present paper focuses on the SD applications in which GST has been successfully used, bringing to the reader a general overview on this field and, in the same time, enables new research perspectives.

A New Grey Target Evaluation Method of Science and Technology Talents Considering ‘Dominant-Implicit’ Reference Points

This paper studies the grey target evaluation model of science and technology talents by drawing on the ‘dominant-implicit’ double reference point. Input and output perspectives are adopted and developed to establish a dominant reference point for the evaluation of science and technology talents, which takes into account the ‘Peer-Status quo’ and ‘Baseline-History’, as well as an implicit reference point, such as the ‘Expectation-Opportunity’ and ‘Goal-Preference’. The framework of the grey target evaluation model for science and technology talents is then constructed and given a dual reference (dominant–implicit). The spherical grey target on the maximum, minimum and arithmetic mean values of the target effect measure values of each reference point is established to determine the reference point weight under the input and output indicators. This research will contribute to the comprehensive effect measure value and the ranking of results that relate to science and technology talents and will demonstrate that its applied method is feasible.

Variable Weight-Projection Gray Target Evaluation Model of Degree of Protection of Protective Layer Mining

In order to quantitatively evaluate the degree of protection in protective layer mining and provide guidance for the design of a secondary outburst elimination scheme, a variable weight-projection gray target dynamic evaluation model for the effectiveness of protective layer mining is established. The improved order relation analysis method was used to determine the subjective weight of each index toward the decision-making goal based on numerical diversity characteristics, and the initial fixed-weight calculation for mixed multi-attribute metrics was processed through the degree of index action. The variable weight function was used to dynamically adjust the fixed weight through the penalty and incentive index methods. Four indexes (gas content, gas pressure, coal seam permeability coefficient, and expansion deformation) were selected, the outburst elimination and anti-reflection were taken as the guide, and the critical value of each index for eliminating burst and the critical value of pressure relief were taken as the positive and negative bullseyes. Based on the variable weight-projection gray target decision model, the distance between the two target centers of each scheme was calculated; at the same time, the variable weight vector changed dynamically with the evaluation scheme to achieve the dynamic quantitative evaluation of the degree of protection. Additionally, compared with the calculation results of fixed weights, it was found that the variable weight-projection bullseye distance can more accurately reflect the dynamic control effect of differences in numerical combinations of multi-attribute indexes in different decision schemes based on the degree of protection of protective layer mining. Taking a mine in PingMei as the engineering background, Ding protected the Wu area, and the degree of protection in the Wu group coal seam reached 116.29%, eliminating the outburst risk of the coal seam. The Wu protected the Ji group coal seam, with the degree of outburst risk in the Ji group being reduced by 14.27, and the Ding + Wu group protected the Ji group coal seam, with the degree of outburst risk of the Ji group being reduced by 20.71%, but not eliminated. The evaluation model quantifies the degree of protection of protective layer mining, and provides a theoretical basis for further assessing whether the working face should strengthen the enhancing permeability or whether it needs to be used in tandem with high-strength outburst elimination methods.

Analysis of the Correlation between Cross‐Border E‐Commerce and Economic Growth Based on Hierarchical Multilevel Gray Evaluation Model

Cross‐border e‐commerce is a new form of global trade development under the background of “Internet+,” and it is also a new engine driving economic development. Cross‐border e‐commerce is growing rapidly and has broad development prospects. As a pioneering pilot zone for comprehensive cross‐border e‐commerce, it has played a leading role in the development of the country’s cross‐border e‐commerce industry. This paper takes China’s 35 cross‐border e‐commerce comprehensive pilot areas as the research object, selects the annual data of 31 provinces across the country, and conducts an empirical research based on the gray‐related Internet development level and economic growth. It analyzes the influencing factors of cross‐border e‐commerce development, constructs a cross‐border e‐commerce development influencing factor model, and applies gray theory to conduct an empirical analysis of the correlation between cross‐border e‐commerce development influencing factors and cross‐border e‐commerce. The research results show that foreign direct investment has the greatest correlation with the number of websites and webpages; the number of patent applications has the greatest correlation with the number of domains and websites; the total fixed assets have the greatest correlation with the number of Internet users and the number of mobile phones at the end of the year; the total amount of foreign investment enterprises in and out. It has the greatest correlation with the number of URLs and Webpages; GDP has the greatest correlation with the number of Internet users and the number of mobile phones at the end of the year. The Internet infrastructure and popularity have a close relationship with economic growth, and the relationship between foreign investment and patent applications and the level of Internet development is more significant.

Gray Evaluation of Water Inrush Risk in Deep Mining Floor.

With the increase of the mining intensity of coal resources in China, the geological conditions of minefields have become more and more complex. The mining conditions of high pressure and high stress bring great challenges to the safe mining of coal resources. To accurately evaluate the risk of water inrush from the broken floor under high pressure and high stress, a gray evaluation model coupling the work breakdown structure (WBS), the risk-based supervision (RBS) theory, ordered binary comparison quantization method, and the center-point triangular whitenization weight function was proposed in this paper. Taking the No. 21 coal seam of Shanxi Formation in Guhanshan minefield as an example, studying the distribution characteristics of high pressure and high stress and the water inrush mechanism from the broken floor during No. 21 coal seam mining and analyzing the hydrochemical characteristics of the main water inrush aquifers below the No. 21 coal seam floor, this paper determined five main factors, including fault fractal dimensions, aquifer pressure, water-richness, destroyed floor depth, and effective aquiclude thickness. First, the work breakdown structure (WBS), the risk-based supervision (RBS) theory, and the ordered binary comparison quantization method were used to calculate the weight vectors of each index. Then, the center-point triangular whitenization weight function based on the work breakdown structure (WBS), the risk-based supervision (RBS) theory, and the ordered binary comparison quantization method were constructed to evaluate the water inrush risk from the broken floor under high pressure and high stress. Finally, the risk of water inrush from the broken floor during No. 21 coal seam mining in Guhanshan minefield was predicted using the gray evolution trend, which effectively reflects the risk characteristics of water inrush from the coal seam floor under high pressure and high stress. The results show that the evaluation and prediction results are consistent with the actual situation in Guhanshan minefield, which indicates that the model is suitable for evaluating and predicting the risk of water inrush from the broken floor under high pressure and high stress.

Research on Enterprise Marketing Risk Evaluation Based on Group Decision and Grey System Theory

Traditional risk assessment methods have some defects to varying degrees. The marketing risk evaluation model based on heterozygous decision making and grey system theory applies multi-expert consultation mechanism to determine the weight of each evaluation index, and then the grey evaluation model is used to evaluate the marketing risk of enterprises. The case study shows that compared with other methods, this method not only effectively solves the problems of incomplete information, multiple evaluation indexes and collinearity of some indexes in the marketing risk evaluation of enterprises, but also easily finds the potential factors that lead to the marketing crisis.

Impact analysis and classification of aircraft functional failures by using improved FHA based on gray correlation

Purpose The classification of aircraft failures has been a significant part of functional hazard analysis (FHA). Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional FHA method in the evaluation of aircraft risk, the purpose of this paper is to put forward a new approach by combining the gray comprehensive relation calculation method in the gray system theory with the traditional FHA in order to deal with the problem of “little data, poor information.” Design/methodology/approach This paper combines FHA, 1–9-scale method and gray relation analysis. At first, aircraft failure scenarios are chosen and data from experts are collected; then gray system theory is applied to find the relevance of such scenarios. Finally, the classification according to relevance is determined. Findings In the past, “little data, poor information” made it difficult for researchers to implement FHA. In this paper, the authors manage to deal with the problem of “poor information” and provide an approach to find the seriousness of aircraft failure. Research limitations/implications Due to the use of expert-evaluating methods, the classification of failures is still a little subjective and can be improved in this area. In the future, the method can be improved from the perspective of combining FMEA to analyze more complex indicators or using multisource heterogeneous solutions to solve fuzzy numbers, probabilities, gray numbers and indicators that cannot be assigned. Practical implications The paper uses FHA to divide the failure state and establishes a gray evaluation model of the aircraft failure state classification to verify the relevant method. Some aircraft safety design requirements are used to check the safety hazards of the aircraft during the design process, and to provide rational recommendations for the functional design of the aircraft. Social implications Improving the safety of aircraft is undoubtedly of great practical significance and has become a top priority in the development of the civil aviation industry. In this paper, the FHA method and the failure state of the aircraft are studied. The original FHA method is innovated by using the gray system theory applicable to the poor information state. Therefore, to some extent, this study has significance for improving the safety of civil aircraft flight, ensuring people’s travel safety and enhancing the society’s trust in civil aviation. Originality/value The main innovation of this paper is integrating the FHA method and the gray system theory. This study calculates the comprehensive relation degree of each failure under different flight stages, and uses FHA to divide the failure state, and finally establishes a gray evaluation model of the aircraft failure state classification to analyze the different conditions of the landing gear brake system, so that it improves the present situation, and the problem with the character of “little data, poor information” can be addressed better.

Grey Evaluation Method of Radar Equipment Supportability Based on G1

A comprehensive evaluation method combining grey system theory and order relation analysis (G1) is proposed to solve the problems of various and uncertain factors affecting the supportability of radar equipment. Firstly, according to the requirement of radar equipment supportability, the evaluation index system of radar equipment supportability is constructed. Secondly, order relation analysis (G1) is used to determine the weight coefficient of each evaluation index. Finally, the grey scale and whitening weight function are determined by expert scoring value and grading standard, and the guarantee grade of radar equipment is obtained by using grey evaluation model. The accuracy of this method is verified by an example, which provides a new idea for the supportability evaluation of radar equipment.

Evaluation Model and Empirical Study on the Competitiveness of the County Silicon Crystal Industry

The silicon crystal industry is an emerging industry that uses silicon ore to obtain crystalline silicon and silicon micropower through processing. The China silicon crystal industry generally suffers from poor market supervision and low added-value products, which decreases the industry’s competitiveness and affects overall economic development. This study used the SWOT–PEST model to analyze the internal and external factors, constructed the county competitiveness evaluation index system with four dimensions and 20 variables, and used the gray correlation evaluation model to conduct empirical research on data on the competitiveness of the silicon crystal industry in Suichuan and in another three counties. Compared with the industrial competitiveness in the other three counties, the competitiveness in Suichuan County is still relatively low, but it has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The silicon crystal industry in Suichuan County has great advantages, such as resource endowment, energy, and policy support. The main factors affecting the competitiveness of the silicon crystal industry in Suichuan County are the number of brands, the situation of foreign exports, and the output of silicon products. Therefore, Suichuan County should adjust the silicon crystal industry based on these evaluation results to promote the sustainable development of this industry.

Evaluation of Innovation Ability of Industrial Cluster

It is of great significance to objectively recognize the innovation ability of industrial clusters and eliminate the negative factors that hinder the innovation ability of clusters in a timely manner, so that the industrial clusters have a sustained positive synergy effect on technological innovation. By analyzing the elements of innovation ability of industrial cluster, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of cluster innovation ability, and uses the fuzzy gray evaluation model to make an empirical analysis of the innovation ability of industrial cluster, and then find the factors that hinder the innovation of cluster to lay the foundation for continuous development of industrial cluster.

Analysis of factors influencing real estate price in Hefei – based on improved grey model

In the past few years, real estate prices in Hefei have risen rapidly, which not only affects people’s lives but also affects the healthy development of the real estate industry. In this paper, first of all, on the basis of literature review selected six major influence factors of Hefei real estate prices, on the basis of the grey model is improved, thus improved grey comprehensive evaluation model is constructed, in 2010 to 2017 in Hefei real estate prices and related data as sample, through calculation and analysis of the correlation effect of Hefei real estate prices is the most important two factors respectively GDP and land prices.

The Research of Third-party B2B Supply Chain Finance Credit Risk Identification & Evaluation System

With the development of Internet technology, many banks in China launched the “Internet+” supply chain financial services. The optimizing of Supply chain financial structure not only solves the problem that small and medium-sized enterprises financing of convenience and high threshold of loan, but also improves the loan efficiency of the supply chain financial services which achieves a new level and the degree of the participants of the supply chain collaboration. Due to Third-party B2B cooperation mode of supply chain financial services emerging in endlessly, Banks take advantage of the cumulative credit data from Third-party B2B e-commerce platform to issue credit loan and dynamically monitor the credit conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises. Which provide a new solution to long-term information asymmetry problem of supply chain finance service. But the credit risk identification and evaluation change a lot in new service mode. According to analyzing the supply chain finance credit risk changes as result of the evolution from supply chain financial to third-party B2B supply chain finance, this paper contract and analyze the traditional and modern credit risk assessment model. On the basis of above contraction and following the principle of credit risk evaluation index system, this paper build the index system of electronic warehouse financing mode and select the grey evaluation model as the third-party B2B supply chain finance business credit risk assessment model. Multi-level grey credit risk assessment method based on Theil disequilibrium index is used to make comprehensive evaluation on enterprise credit. It can get the evaluation value of the enterprise to judge the enterprise credit rating. This method provide more detailed evaluation method of the third-party B2B supply chain finance business for the banks.

Risk Evaluation of Railway Coal Transportation Network Based on Multi Level Grey Evaluation Model

The railway transport mode is currently the most important way of coal transportation, and now China’s railway coal transportation network has become increasingly perfect, but there is still insufficient capacity, some lines close to saturation and other issues. In this paper, the theory and method of risk assessment, analytic hierarchy process and multi-level gray evaluation model are applied to the risk evaluation of coal railway transportation network in China. Based on the example analysis of Shanxi railway coal transportation network, to improve the internal structure and the competitiveness of the market.

Mathematical model of energy conservation evaluation of passive building based on fuzzy clustering algorithm

When evaluating the energy conservation effect of passive buildings, the traditional gray comprehensive evaluation model cannot comprehensively analyze the building's own factors, which leads to lower accuracy of analysis. Mathematical model of energy conservation evaluation of passive building based on fuzzy clustering algorithm is designed, which uses the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of the energy conservation evaluation index of passive building. The system of energy conservation indicators for passive buildings is constructed to calculate fuzzy similarities between different evaluation indicators and to calculate them. Through the clustering of the calculation results, the energy conservation evaluation results of the passive building are obtained. The experimental results show that the designed model can effectively evaluate the energy conservation effect of passive buildings, and its generalization ability is better. The average accuracy of the evaluation is as high as 98%, and the evaluation rate is as high as 96%. The average time-consuming value of the eight passive buildings is only 540.54 s. It has the advantage of high evaluation accuracy and high efficiency.

基于组合赋权的图像分割灰色评估模型

基于组合赋权的图像分割灰色评估模型

A Study of Leisure Sports Majors’ Innovation Ability Evaluation on the Basis of Computer Use

At present, artificial intelligence has become an important part of people’s life. Meanwhile, people’s health consciousness and demands for modern leisure sports have improved. Based on the technology of artificial intelligence, this paper is to study the evaluation of leisure sports majors’ innovation ability which stays in relatively low level but with great potential. After researching and analyzing the status of leisure sports majors’ innovation ability at home and abroad, the author defined the standard of gray rates, set gray evaluation index, analyzed the gray evaluation model and concluded that students in HeBei Institute of Physical Education have good innovation abilities. This paper which laid a foundation for studies of relevant theories and practices is a pioneering work for innovation ability evaluation.

Risk assessment of water inrush in karst tunnels based on a modified grey evaluation model: Sample as Shangjiawan Tunnel

A modified grey clustering method is presented to systematically evaluate the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels. Based on the center triangle whitenization weight function and upper and lower limit measure whitenization weight function, the modified grey evaluation model doesn't have the crossing properties of grey cluster and meets the standard well. By adsorbing and integrating the previous research results, seven influence factors are selected as evaluation indexes. A couple of evaluation indexes are modified and quantitatively graded according to four risk grades through expert evaluation method. The weights of evaluation indexes are rationally distributed by the comprehensive assignment method. It is integrated by the subjective factors and the objective factors. Subjective weight is given based on analytical hierarchy process, and objective weight obtained from simple dependent function. The modified grey evaluation model is validated by Jigongling Tunnel. Finally, the water inrush risk of Shangjiawan Tunnel is evaluated by using the established model, and the evaluation result obtained from the proposed method is agrees well with practical situation. This risk assessment methodology provides a powerful tool with which planners and engineers can systematically assess the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels.