Words Of Greeting Research Articles

Variasi Penggunaan Kata Sapaan Bahasa Minangkabau dalam Novel Mak Adang dari Nagari Keramat karya Andi Mulya

This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the variations in the usage of Minangkabau greetings in the novel Mak Adang dari Nagari Keramat by Andi Mulya. The variations in greeting usage encompass both kinship and non-kinship greetings. Kinship greetings encompass greetings that are based on relationships within the nuclear family as well as the extended family. On the other hand, non-kinship greetings consist of greetings that are based on customary, religious, and general situations. This research adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes descriptive methods. The data used in this study consist of the greeting words uttered by the speakers and their conversation partners in the novel Mak Adang dari Nagari Keramat by Andi Mulya. The data sources are the sentences in the novel that contain Minangakabau greeting words. The data collection process employed a listen and read method, along with recording techniques. Data validation was achieved through triangulation techniques. The research data were analyzed through the following stages: (1) data inventory stage; (2) data classification stage; (3) data description stage. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) there are 21 forms and usages of kinship greeting words, which consist of 10 forms of kinship greetings based on the nuclear family and 11 forms of kinship greetings based on the extended family. (2) There are 35 forms and usages of non-kinship greeting words, which consist of three forms of non-kinship greetings based on religious greetings, six forms of non-kinship greetings based on customary greetings, and 26 forms of non-kinship greetings based on general greetings.

Variasi Sapaan Pasangan Sebelum dan Sesudah Menikah di Kecamatan Jombang Kabupaten Jember: Sosiodialektologi

The word greeting is a word that is usually used to greet the person you are talking to (second person) or replaces the name of a third person. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the aim of describing the greeting words used by couples before and after marriage. Does someone change the greeting to their partner and how does the greeting change form. The data in this study are data in the form of greeting words used before the couple gets married and after marriage. Respondents in this study were 40 (pairs) of teachers and employees at MAN 3 Jember. The data collection technique is the interview technique. Data were analyzed and grouped according to type. The results showed that there was a change in the couple's greeting words before and after the couple was married with various variations of the greeting words.

Contrastive Analysis of Kinship Terms between Arabic and Indonesian Languages: Anthropolinguistic Study

Greeting words are the most widely used words in daily communication. Many greetings are taken from the kinship term. Each language has different kinship terms based on its culture. This study aims to describe (1) the Arabic kinship term, (2) the Indonesian kinship term, and (3) the similarities and differences between the Arabic and Indonesian kinship terms. This research is a qualitative research with contrastive and anthropolinguistic analysis approaches. The data of this research are the vocabulary of kinship terms in Arabic and Indonesian which are taken from various sources. The results are (1) Arabic kinship terms are more varied than Indonesian, (2) Arabic kinship terms have syntactic markers to distinguish between terms for male and female, (3) based on the patrilineal system applies to the Arab community, Arabic distinguishes between terms for father's line and mother's line, (4) in Indonesian, there are terms that are differentiated by age, (5) in terms of nature, the kinship term in Arabic is descriptive, while in Indonesian is descriptive and classified, (6) the terms of kinship in Arabic and Indonesian can be addressed to non-relatives so that both can be metaphorical.

تأثير البيئة اللغوية على تعليم اللغة العربية (دراسة المقارنة بين المعهد "بيت الأرقم جمبر" والمعهد "الكوثر" سيدوارجو)

The focus of the problems raised in this study is Effectiveness of linguistic environment on learning Arabic, This research uses descriptive qualitative through communicative approach method, from the two boarding schools the researcher finds that differences: 1). Boarding Schools Baitul Arqam Jember and al-Kautsar Sidoarjo using artificial language environments., 2). The influence of the language environment on the ability of students to speak Arabic has a very big impact when viewed from before and after using the language environment, including: before using the language environment, students in the two Islamic boarding schools do not know the daily greeting words and unable to speak Arabic, but after they use the language environment they can to speak using Arabic., 3). Weaknesses of language environment in Baitul Arqam Jember are the lack of student awareness in the application of language environment, while the advantages of language environment in this boarding schools that is the existence of language environment around the residence of students., while the shortcomings of language environment in the boarding al-Kautsar Sidoarjo, namely The lack of justification of sentences, The advantage of language environment al-Kautsar Sidoarjo is the teachers employees give examples of speaking Arabic in front of students.

SAPAAN KEKERABATAN BAHASA KERINCI DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG RAYA KABUPATEN KERINCI

ABSTRACT
 This article aims to analyze the types of kinship greeting words in Kerinci language and social factors that influence the types of kinship greeting words in Kerinci language in Gunung Raya sub-district, Kerinci district. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research data is the kinship greeting words in Kerinci language in Gunung Raya sub-district, Kerinci district. The research data comes from informants as native speakers of Kerinci language who live in Gunung Raya sub-district.The result of this study is the community kinship system of Gunung Raya sub-district based on matrilineal lineage, someone will follow the lineage of mother. The male becomes a kindred based on the marriage line. The kinship greeting words in Kerinci language in Gunung Raya sub-district based on the lineage consist of 25 greeting words, while the kinship greeting words in the Kerinci language in Gunung Raya sub-district based on the marriage line consist of 29 greeting words. Social factors that influence the form of kinship greeting words in Kerinci language in Gunung Raya sub-district are social distance, age, gender, social status, physical characteristics, and language contact.
 Keyword: greeting words; Kerinci language; kinship; Gunung Raya sub-district

Sapaan Kekerabatan pada Guyub Tutur Bahasa Lio

Abstract 
 This study aims at describing the kinship greeting in Lio's speech using sociolinguistic theory. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data collection uses the method of listening, proficient and fishing rod. This means that researchers directly communicate with informants to gather information about kinship greetings in Lio's spoken language. Both of these methods are complemented by interview, note-taking, and documentation techniques.
 The results showed that in the kinship relationship based on lineage (direct linkage) in Lio's speech in Ende district, there were 16 greeting words, namely Ema, Ine, Babo, Mamo, Eda, No`o, Weta, Nara, Ka`e, Aji, Ana mamo, Ana embu, Ame du`a, Ine du`a, Ame Lo`o and Ine Lo`o. It is stressful that there are 13 kinship greeting words based on the line of marriage in Lio's speech, namely Ema (tu`a), Ine (tu`a), (Ana) tu`a, Ane, Tata / fai eda, No`o, Haki no` o, Weta, Nara, Kae, Aji, Ipa, and Eja.

Understanding one’s character through the voice: Dimensions of personality perception from Chinese greeting word “Ni Hao”

ABSTRACT Previous western studies revealed a two-dimensional model (valence and dominance) in voice impressions. To explore the cross-cultural validity of this model, the present study recruited Chinese participants to evaluate other people’s personality from recordings of Chinese vocal greeting word “Ni Hao”. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax Rotation and Parallel Analysis was used to investigate the dimensions underlying personality judgments. The results also revealed a two-dimensional model: approachability and capability. The approachability dimension was similar to the valence dimension reported in a previous study. It indicated that the approachability/valence dimension has cross-cultural commonality. Unlike the dimension of dominance which was closely related to aggressiveness, the dimension of capability emphasized the social aspects of capability such as intellectuality, social skills, and tenacity. In addition, the acoustic parameters that were used to infer the personality of speakers, as well as the relationship between vocal attractiveness and the personality dimensions of voice, were also partially different from the findings in Western culture.

Minangkabau Language Greeting System In Creative Text Works: A Case Study on Modern Indonesian Fiction Minangkabau Local Color and Lyrics of Popular Modern Minangkabau Songs

This article contains a discussion of the Minangkabau language greetings in the text of creative work. This discussion is a case study of how the Minangkabau greeting is used in modern Indonesian fiction of the local Minangkabau color and in the text or lyrics of popular modern Minangkabau songs. The word Minangkabau greeting, especially those that are semantic in the text of creative work, is used in certain situations that are closely related to factors of narrative, ethnicity, and kinship. Several types of semantic-style greetings are found in self-names, kinship, traditional titles, educational outcomes, positions, deeds, other greetings, and figures of speech. The use of Minangkabau greeting words in the text of creative works can be viewed positively because the text of creative works has indirectly functioned as (1) the documentation system for naming systems in the Minangkabau language, (2) the maintenance and development media for intangible cultural heritage in the form of Minangkabau language greetings . The maintenance and development of this intangible cultural heritage is important in view of the advances in science and technology, as well as the opening of the globalization stream which allows the tradition of using greetings in the Minangkabau language by the successor generation due to the influence of modernization and the lifestyle of modern (urban) societies.

EKSPRESI HONORIFIK DAN STATUS SOSIAL DALAM MASYARAKAT JAWA

Various titles and honorifics expressions in Javanese society has become particular interest for writer to analyze. The honorific expressions described in this paper include the title of nobility and greeting word in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research uses equality method to review particular lingual unit using determiner tools beyond language. Based on the data and analysis it is known that titles of the nobles are rara, gusti raden ajeng, gusti raden ayu, kanjeng pangeran harya, gusti bendara raden mas, gusti bendara raden ajeng, gusti bendara raden ayu, bendara raden mas, bendara kanjeng pangeran, bendara raden ajeng, bendara raden ayu. Where greeting word based on social class, the writer classifies it into three, upper, middle, and lower class. The greeting word on upper class society are such as papi, mami, papa/papah, mama/mamah, daddy, mom, tante, om, oma, opa, eyang, jeng. The greeting word on middle class society are such as ayah, ibu, bapak, bunda, abi, ummi, paman, bibi, mas, mbak. The greeting word on lower class society are such as pak/bapak, mbok/embok/simbok, biyung, mbakyu, pakdhe, mbokdhe, paklik, bulik. The greeting word are decreasing in number are embok/mbok/simbok dan biyung. Defining the greeting word is tightly associated to social status of the speakers.

PERGESERAN PENGGUNAAN KATA SAPAAN OLEH GENERASI MILENIAL BANJAR DI KOTA BANJARBARU

<p><em>This study was designed to describe the change in greeting words used by the Millennial Floods in Banjarbaru City and the factors that influence them. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection by refer to the method. Data analysis was performed using the matching method and the advanced technique of the Determination of the Determination Element (PUP) technique. The data used consists of greetings used by the millennial generation of Banjar in Banjarbaru. The research data source consisted of utterances delivered by the Banjar millennial generation in Banjarbaru. The results showed the greeting words used by the Banjar millennial generation in Banjarbaru City increased rotation. Occurs when family runs, kinship, and intimacy. The most shifted form of greeting words occurs in the realm of the family, namely the immediate family. The displacement language used by the millennial flood generation, namely Indonesian and languages (Arabic and English) even has the Banjar language itself. Factors that influence change, namely the existence of urbanization, the progress of science and technology, the language of prestige, and generation over.</em></p><p> </p>

Penggunaan Kata Sapaan pada Percakapan Siswa SDN Langkang Lama Kecamatan Pulau Laut Timur Kabupaten Kotabaru

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of greeting words in the conversation of SDN Langkang Lama students in Kotabaru district? This type of research is the type of field research by presenting the data used in this study as a qualitative method. Because the data collected is in the form of words, picture sentences and not numbers. That was caused by the application of qualitative methods. Data sources in the implementation of this study were primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study by observation, recording, listening and note taking. And data analysis techniques namely data recording transcripts, data translators, data analysis and finally draw conclusions. The results showed that the use of greetings in students 'conversation at SDN Langkang Lama, Kotabaru Regency, namely the greeting words of respect found in students' greetings to greet teachers and greet other students found as many as 29% who were included in the classification is very low. In the usual greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher and greet other students found as many as 32% included in the low classification. In rough greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher or other students found as many as 39% included in the low classification .

Вербальные и невербальные средства выражения дружелюбия в русскоязычной социокультурной среде

The paper proposes a brief review of verbal and nonverbal means of expressing friendliness in the Russian-speaking sociocultural environment. It is a case study of literature examples from Russian National Corpus and L. N. Tolstoy’s novel, “Anna Karenina.” The notion of friendli-ness is defined as a person’s friendly, kindly attitude to people and the outside world. Atten-tion is drawn to the positive semantics of the notion investigated. The friendly attitude value dominants include well-wishing, benevolence, sympathy, and goodwill towards people. Beingness, focus on the object, and intentionality are the main conceptual features of friendliness. The factual material analysis allows distinguishing the verbs denoting particular verbal actions related to friendliness in speech. Words of greeting, farewell, encouragement, or praise, pronounced in a friendly tone, present the speaker as a friendly person. Some verbs semantically incompatible with the adverb friendly have been identified: to cry, to yell, to shout, to scream, and to squeal. It is also impossible to scold, to reproach, to blame, and to condemn in a friendly manner because these actions are associated with rudeness, abusive words, and disapproving opinion. In linguistic terms, friendliness is realized by combining the verb of speaking and the adverb friendly or its synonymous variants. It is argued that the key factors for expressing friendliness on the verbal and nonverbal levels are the emotional and expressive connotation of the voice, the tone of the statement as a whole, and a specific set of facial and gestural movements.

Code-switched Greeting by Bilingual Saudi-American Subject: A Case Study

This paper investigates the myth of children’s monolingual brain by conducting a case study of a two-year-old Saudi-American girl, who is in the two-word stage of vocalization, by focusing on a certain speech act, viz., “greeting” and demonstrating how it is heavily code-switched into Arabic/English language(s) with regard to the context of the speech and the greeter/receiver of the greeting identity. The subject has been raised in an English-speaking country milieu (United States of America), while she has been used to speaking Arabic at home. In this regard, the paper highlights the aim of the encoded usage of code-switching utterances in term of addressing the monolingual brain hypothesis. This qualitative study is based on open observations of two continues months of a toddler as the participant of this study aiming at exploring whether children’s greeting differ from those of adults and whether this greeting differs between two languages with regard to monolingual brain hypotheses. So far, the study concluded that greeting has never been mixed upon context, though utterances are code-switched. Moreover, the greeting process is comprehended and acquired within the language context as a pragmatic speech act regarding greeter’s identity, context, and gender. Findings of this study significantly support the cognitive approach in term of greeting via using a high frequent greeting word among the American culture. As would cognitive linguists suggest, greeting speech act response varies regarding how greeters of each community greet the subject, but not how they greet each other’s in a community. Therefore, surprisingly the two-year-old subject perceptually recognizes the fact of receiving two different languages regardless to the monolingual hypothesis.

PENGGUNAAN KATA SAPAAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI NAGARI KOTO SANI KECAMATAN X KOTO SINGKARAK KABUPATEN SOLOK

This study aims to describe (1) the form of kinship words, (2) the form of non-kinship greeting words, (3) the use of kinship words, and (4) the use of non-kinship greeting words in the Minangkabau language in Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency used by speakers in everyday life. This study includes the type of qualitative research with descriptive methods. Sources of data from this study are oral sources from the people of Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Solok Regency. The focus of this research is the Minangkabau language greeting in Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency. Data collection is done by using the refer and proficient method. The steps in this study are transcribing the recorded data into written language, identifying data in accordance with the aspects studied, classifying research data by creating tables based on the aspects studied, interpreting data, and concluding data based on the results of the study. The results obtained in this study are First, the greeting of the nuclear family with 48 greeting words and broad family kinship words with 64 greeting words. Second, the word non-friendship greeting said non-religious friendship words there are 12 words of greeting, the word non-traditional friendship greeting there are 8 words of greeting, the word non-friendship address is 14 greeting words, and the word non-general address greetings are 15 greeting words.Keywords : kata sapaan, bahasa Minangkabau, Nagari Koto Sani

تحیة الإســلام دراسة موضوعیة فی السنة النبویة

بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم ملخص تحیة الإســلام دراسة موضوعیة فی السنة النبویة ماهر منصور عبد الرازق أستاذ الحدیث وعلومه بکلیة أصول الدین جامعة الأزهر بالمنصورة Mahernamnam@gamil.com الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على سیدنا رسول الله وبعد،،، ففی هذا البحث طوفت حول تحیة الإسلام التی حبانا الله تعالى بها وأکرم بها أبانا آدم ' وجعلها تحیته وتحیة ذریته من بعده. ففی المبحث الأول : بینت لفظها ومعناها و کیفیة الرد وصفته ، وفضلها. وفی المبحث الثانی : ذکرت آدابها وأحوالها ، من تسلیم الصغیر على الکبیر ، والمار على القاعد، والراکب على الماشی ، والقلیل على الکثیر ، والتحیة بالأحسن أو الرد ، و تکرار السلام فی المجلس الواحد ، والسلام على أهل البیت ، ورفع الصوت بالسلام ، والنهی عن التسلیم بالأکف والرؤوس والإشارة . وفی المبحث الثالث : ذکرت جملة من أحکام تحیة الإسلام ، أوضحت فیها حکم السلام على وجه العموم ، وحکم السلام على الصبیان ، وحکم السلام على النساء ، وحکم السلام على الفاسق والمبتدع ، وحکم السلام على أهل الکتاب والرد علیهم ، وحکم السلام على أخلاط من المسلمین وغیرهم. وأسأل الله تعالى أن یهدی المسلمین لتحیة أبیهم ، فیحیون بها بعضهم البعض ، لیشیع الود والوئام وتنتشر المحبة بین المسلمین فیکونوا أمة واحدة متماسکة لها ثقلها ومکانتها بین الناس . الکلماتالمفتاحیة : تحیة الإسلام - السلام على أخلاط - حکم إلقاء السلام - المتهاجرین - تسلیم - المار - القاعد - النفر - السلام على الفاسق والمبتدع - السلام على أهل الکتاب - السلام على الصبیان والحمد لله رب العالمین. In Name Of Allah Research Summary Greetings to Islam Objective study in the Sunnah of the Prophet Maher Mansour Abdel Razek Professor of Hadith and its Sciences Faculty of Fundamentals of Religion Al-Azhar University in Mansoura Mahernamnam@gamil.com In Name Of Allah, Most Merciful, Most Gracious. Praise Be To God And Peace Be Upon Our Prophet Mohammed PBUH In This Research, I Have Showed Gone Around Greetings In Islam Which Allah Has Honored Us And Honored Our Father PBUH And Made This For Him And His Descendants. First Chapter, I Have Showed Words Of Greeting, Its Meaning How To Reply And Its Virtue. Second Chapter, I Have Showed Its Etiquette And Cases, As It Should Be From Little To Older. Passer By To Sitting One, Passenger On Vehicle To Pedestrian And Fewer To More . It Greeting Should Be In Best Words Or Even Just Same. It Should Be Repeated In One Session. It Should Be To People Living In Your Home & Family. It Showed Be Lovely And Stop By Hands Or By Nodding. Third Chapter, I Have Showed Some Of Rules Of Greetings In Islam. I Have Showed ”Generally Meaning And Rules Of Greeter's Rule Of To Young Boys, To Women, Slaves, Christians And Jews And How To Reply To Their Greetings And Rules Of To Mixed (Mixture Of Muslims And Others. Finally, I Ask To Guide Muslims To Use Their Father' Adam To One Another To Prevail Harmony And Love Among Muslims To Be A Cohesive And United Nation Has Its Great Pank Among Nations, Key words: salutation of Islam - peace on confusion - the rule of delivering peace - immigrants - surrender - passer-by - base - alienation - peace upon immoral and devoted people - peace be upon the people of the Book - peace be upon the boys Thanks The God.

Code-Switched Greeting by Bilingual Saudi-American Subject: A Case Study

This paper investigates the myth of children’s monolingual brain by conducting a case study of a two-year-old Saudi-American girl, who is in the two-word stage of vocalization, by focusing on a certain speech act, viz., “greeting” and demonstrating how it is heavily code-switched into Arabic/English language(s) with regard to the context of the speech and the greeter/receiver of the greeting identity. The subject has been raised in an English-speaking country milieu (United States of America), while she has been used to speaking Arabic at home. In this regard, the paper highlights the aim of the encoded usage of code-switching utterances in term of addressing the monolingual brain hypothesis. This qualitative study is based on open observations of two continues months of a toddler as the participant of this study aiming at exploring whether children’s greeting differ from those of adults and whether this greeting differs between two languages with regard to monolingual brain hypotheses. So far, the study concluded that greeting has never been mixed upon context, though utterances are code-switched. Moreover, the greeting process is comprehended and acquired within the language context as a pragmatic speech act regarding greeter’s identity, context, and gender. Findings of this study significantly support the cognitive approach in term of greeting via using a high frequent greeting word among the American culture. As would cognitive linguists suggest, greeting speech act response varies regarding how greeters of each community greet the subject, but not how they greet each other’s in a community. Therefore, surprisingly the two-year-old subject perceptually recognizes the fact of receiving two different languages regardless to the monolingual hypothesis.

PENGGUNAAN SAPAAN KEKERABATAN BAHASA MAKEAN DIALEK SAMSUMA DI DESA SAMSUMA KECAMATAN MALIFUT

This article discusses about greeting words in Makean language in Malifut district North Halmahera regency. There are two matters in this article; first, what are the kindship greetings used in Makean language Samsuma dialect. And the second, how to use the greeting words to the family relationship in Makean language in Malifut district. The research is emphasized in sociolinguistic. The research uses descriptive method. This research was held in Malifut district, North Halmahera regency of North Malucas Central. The technique of gathering data is listening technique and conversation technique. The family greeting words in the in the nuclear family in Samsuma dialect Makean language namely baba (faather), mama (mother), jojo (sister of mother), theno (younger sister or brother), tamno (elder brother or male cousin). The use of greeting words in the Samsuma dialect Makean language different of the Javanese language and so on because its use is not used for people who are spoken but to make or answer questions.Keywords: Greeting words, Makean Language, Samsuma Dialect, family

Tegur Sapa Penjual dan Pembeli di Pasar Tradisional Surya Kusuma Semarang

The market is where sellers and buyers meet. Meeting the sellers and buyers in traditional markets cause them to greet each other. For that purpose, they use the greeting word in interacting. What greetings are used in the traditional market of Surya Kusuma Semarang is discussed in this paper. Data collection was done by using observation method developed with basic technique of tapping and advanced technique in the form of notes technique and recording technique. Based on the results of research of greeting words used in traditional markets covers pronouns, relatives, limbs, title, profession, greeting intimate, and greeting where self. Speakers use greeting words by considering physical appearance, gender, and age. The greeting word is used by the seller to greet the buyer with the intention of captivating the buyer. Therefore, his merchandise is selling well

KATA SAPAAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU

This article explains the types of greeting words used by Minangkabau people in Ujuang Batuang and how the words are used. The basic technique used in this study is tapping technique, while the advanced technique used in this study is the simak libat cakap (SLC) technique and simak bebas libat cakap (SBLC) technique, continued with note technique. The results found three categories of greeting words used by the Ujuang Batuang community, namely: (1) general greeting words, (2) adat greeting words, and (3) religious greeting words.

Hong Yen Chang, Lawyer and Symbol

Hong Yen Chang, Lawyer and Symbol Gabriel J. Chin * In March 2015, the California Supreme Court admitted Hong Yen Chang to the bar; in 1890, the Court denied him admission because of his race. 1 The Court acted on the petition of the UC Davis Asian Pacific American Law Students Asso- ciation, 2 with me as faculty advisor, represented by our pro bono counsel, Munger, Tolles & Olson. Hong Yen Chang was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1888, making him the first Chinese American lawyer in the United States. 3 He came to America in 1872 as a participant in the Chinese Educational Mission, a group of young men sent from China to receive Western educations. The goal was to create a cadre of professionals familiar with Western knowledge and practices. 4 Chang was twelve years old when he came to the United States. He graduated from Phillips Andover Academy in 1879, and then attended Yale College until 1881. 5 However, China cancelled the mission in 1881, and Chang was recalled to China. However, Chang returned to the United States on his own in 1882. 6 He attended Columbia Law School, where he was the only Asian student on campus, and he graduated in 1886. 7 At Commencement, the Dean of Columbia mentioned Chang specifically: I would like to add a word of special greeting to one of your number who has come here from a far distant land, pressed by an irresistible desire to acquire a Martin Luther King Jr. Professor of Law & Affiliated Faculty, Aoki Center for Critical Race & Nation Studies, UC Davis School of Law. This article is based on remarks made at the 2016 NAPABA Annual Meeting, at the Asian Bar Association of Sacramento, and at William “Mac” Taylor Inn of Court in Dallas. 1. In re Chang, 344 P.3d 288 (2015), overruling In re Chang, 24 P. 156 (1890). 2. The APALSA members participating in the project include: Christopher Alvarez ’13, Caspar Chan’13, Sue Chang ’15, JoAnne Jennings ’13, Jocelyn Koo ’15, Robert Marcelis ’13, Kian Magana ’14, Matthew Peng ’13, Sally Son ’13, Erin Tanimura, ’14, Steven Vong ’16, Tina Wang ’14, Tammy Weng ’13, and Elaine Won ’16. 3. Li Chen, Pioneers in the Fight for Inclusion of Chinese Students in American Legal Education and Legal Profession, 22 A sian A m . L.J. 5, 31–32 (2015). Most of the details of Hong Yen Chang’s life and career are drawn from this excellent work, as well as from L ani A y T ye F arkas , B ury M y B ones in A merica : T he S aga of a C hinese F amily in C alifornia , 1852–1966 (1998). 4. Origins of the Chinese Educational Mission, C hinese E duc . M ission C onnections , http://www. cemconnections.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=34&limit=1&limit- start=0. 5. Chen, supra note 3, at 16. 6. Id. 7. Id. at 19. © 2016 Gabriel J. Chin. All rights reserved.