Green Synthesis Of AgNPs Research Articles

Environment-friendly Synthesis of AgNPs from Fimbristylis miliacea Flower Extract: Characterization and its Applications as an Antioxidant Activity, Anticancerous Activity and in the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

Background: Silver metal is useful in a variety of fields. Different silver salts exhibit good application in the organic transformation. The use of a green methodology in AgNPs preparation has gained interest of young researchers. Plant systems are employed in the green approach of preparing AgNPs, serving as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) made from silver salts exhibit a variety of biological activities and may be useful in organic transformation. Method: AgNPs were synthesized with the use of flower extract from Fimbristylis miliacea, which acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. Result: Fimbristylis miliacea flower extract is used as a reducing and stabilising agent for preparation of AgNPs. These synthesised AgNPs were characterised by using FTIR, XRD, FESEM/ EDS, HR-TEM, TGA, and ICP-AES. Fimbristylis milliciea flower extract was subjected to FTIR and HR-LCMS analysis in order to identify the phytoconstituents that are responsible for the reduction of AgNO3. The HR-TEM shows particle size between 8.98434+0.69669nm and 19.07464+1.4384nm. The size of AgNPs determined by using HR-TEM shows good agreement with XRD particle size. The synthesized AgNPs show excellent antioxidant properties with IC50=56.45 μg/mL. The present study confers significant cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line culture (IC50= 61.97 μg/ml). The AgNPs show a faster reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have prepared AgNPs by using Fimbristylis miliacea flower extract. The study further concludes that green synthesis of AgNPs has many advantages as compared to chemical methods, such as cost-effectiveness, rapid, and environment-friendly methods. The results indicated that the biosynthesized AgNPs have significant cytotoxic activity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Further, it indicates that biosynthesized AgNPs can be a potential alternative agent for human breast cancer therapy. The cytotoxic potential can be used for treatments and provides a new method to develop molecules for cancer therapy. The catalytic activity of AgNPs was examined by using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. It shows that the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in 6 minutes is confirmed by using 1H NMR analysis.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Leaves Extract as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Materials

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention due to their unique properties and potential application. This research aimed to do green synthesis of AgNPs with Syzygium aromaticum leaves extract (SALE) and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Syzygium aromaticum leaves were extracted using distilled water at 70 °C for 30 min and the results were characterized with FTIR. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing AgNO3 precursor with SALE. The effects of parameters such as volume ratio of AgNO3 precursor to SALE, AgNO3 concentrations, and synthesis times were investigated. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and TEM. Antibacterial activity of SALE and AgNPs was investigated against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) with disc diffusion method and antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH method. The FTIR characterization revealed that SALE and resulting AgNPs contain O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C≡C functional groups. The UV-Vis characterization demonstrated that AgNPs exhibited an absorption peak at λ = 420 nm indicating surface plasmon resonance. The optimal volume ratio of AgNO3 to SALE, AgNO3 concentrations, and synthesis time for AgNPs synthesis was achieved at 10:3, 5 mM, and 60 min respectively. TEM characterization indicated that AgNPs have spherical form and sizes ranging from 14 to 32 nm. The antibacterial testing revealed that AgNPs have antibacterial activities against E. coli and B. subtilis with inhibition zone values are 8,38 ± 0,48 and 6,88 ± 1,47 respectively. Additionally, antioxidant testing presented that the IC50 values were 85.05 µg/mL for SALE and 34.71 µg/mL for AgNPs. The results indicate that green synthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 precursor with SALE was done successfully and this nanoparticle has good antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs from Podocarpus macrophyllus for targeting GBM and LGG brain cancers via NOTCH2 gene interactions

Brain tumors, particularly Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG), present significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Traditional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are often limited in efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), offers a targeted and potentially more effective approach. This study focuses on the green synthesis of Ag NPs using Podocarpus macrophyllus leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized for their physicochemical properties, demonstrating a controlled particle size of 13 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that silver constituted approximately 90% of the nanoparticle composition. The Ag NPs exhibited promising biological activity, including 90% free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, 99.15% inhibition of protein denaturation (anti-inflammatory activity), and 90.56% inhibition of alpha-amylase (anti-diabetic activity). Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed significant anti-hemolytic (89.9% inhibition) and antimicrobial activities, with a 20 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus species. Computational analyses further indicated that the NOTCH2 gene, which is upregulated in LGG and GBM, may interact with Ag NPs, suggesting their potential in brain cancer therapy. The green synthesis approach offers a sustainable and bioactive method for producing Ag NPs, underscoring their therapeutic promise for treating GBM and LGG.

Exploring the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using natural extracts and their potential for cancer treatment.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted increasing attention in nanomedicine, with versatile applications in drug delivery, antimicrobial treatments, and cancer therapies. While chemical synthesis remains a common approach for AgNP production, ensuring environmental sustainability requires a shift toward eco-friendly, "green" synthesis techniques. This article underscores the promising role of plant extracts in the green synthesis of AgNPs, highlighting the importance of their natural sources and diverse bioactive compounds. Various characterization methods for these nanomaterials are also reviewed. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of green AgNPs (Gr-AgNPs) is examined, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the challenges to their clinical implementation. Finally, future directions in the field are discussed.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Calyx Wastes as a Promising Anthelmintic Agent Against Poultry Pathogen Raillietina spp.

AbstractIn this study, we explore the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using calyx wastes from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) and evaluate their anthelmintic potential against poultry pathogen Raillietina spp. The ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrum of nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 425 nm, confirming AgNP formation. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of functional groups responsible for reducing silver ions, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses were used to measure the size (20–50 nm) and morphology (spherical) of the synthesized AgNPs. The dose‐dependent in vitro anthelmintic efficacy was highest at 125 μg/ml of AgNPs, resulting in paralysis and death within 0.54 and 1.29 hours, respectively, while untreated control parasites survived for ~72 hours. The SEM micrographs of the treated parasites showed swelling and blebbing of the tegument. Histochemical localization studies showed a remarkable decline of tegumental and neurotransmitter enzymes involved with the parasite's metabolism and regulation of the endogenous physiological processes. This study underscores the potential of okra calyces in the green synthesis of AgNPs and provides a novel approach to developing alternative anthelmintics that interfere with the host‐parasite interface.

Antibiofilm Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Seed Extract of Garcinia Kola

Silver nanoparticles from plant extracts are novel compounds with potential antimicrobial properties. Studies on antibiofilm activity of Ag-NPs synthesized from seed extracts of Garcinnia kola (G. kola) were carried out. Garcinnia kola seed were obtained from Keffi market, Nigeria. Green synthesis of Ag-NPs from the seed was carried using 2.0mm silver-nitrate by use of standard method. The Ag-NPs synthesized from the seed were characterized using former transmission infrared (FITR) spectroscopy and scanning election microscope. The antimicrobial activity of the Ag-NPs against Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp) isolates were carried out using agar dilution method. The biofilm formation by the isolates as well as the inhibition and dissolution by Ag-NPs were eval__uated using microplate method. The functional groups detected in the Ag-NPs were N-H, C-O, N-O, and CΞC with peaks 906.5cm-1,1282.2cm-2, 13344cm-1, 1550.6cm-1 and 217.1cm-1 respectively. The size of the particles ranges from 179-296nm. The minimum inhibiting concentration (MICs) of the particles and meropenem against the isolates were 250µg/l and 4.0µg/l. The functional inhibiting concentrates of the particles were 1.0. The optical clarity of biofilm formed by the isolates was 2.073 and 2.049. the percentage biofilm inhibiting effects of the particles was highest apart. KpC (K. Pneumoniae ATCC BAA 1075) with percentage inhibit ranges from 27.28-21.67% at 80-12.5% of the MICs. The percentage inhibiting effect of Ag-NPs in with meropenem was highest at MICs but low in MIC 12.5 with percentage inhibition 28.26% and 27.18%. The Ag-NPs alone and antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibiting effect while Ag-NPs in with meropenem had effect but against isolate but with potential antibiofilm activity.

Fabrication of electrospun PA66 nanofibers loaded with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: investigation of dye degradation and antibacterial activity.

In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated Polyamide 66 (PA66) nanofiber mat as a photocatalyst which was prepared using electrospinning technique for degradation of methyl orange (MO). Considering the lack of reported studies on the influence of the ultrasonication on the size and stability of AgNPs, the purpose of the study was to produce a small size of AgNPs and compare it with the continuous stirring method. It is reasonable to report that the advantage of ultrasonication is to generate relatively smaller AgNPs (u-AgNPs) compared to fabrication by continuous stirring method (s-AgNPs). Helichrysum arenarium (HA) extract was used as a reducing agent as well as a capping agent in green synthesis of AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). PA66/u-AgNs nanofibers were then successfully electrospun and characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT-IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and water contact angle measurement (WCA). Fabricated PA66-based nanofiber mat with smooth surface and uniform diameters (330-340nm) was used as a catalyst in MO degradation. PA66/u-AgNP nanofibers were also evaluated for antibacterial performance and showed significant inhibition against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. According to these findings, it is expected that the fabricated novel PA66/u-AgNP nanofibers can be announced as a promising potent and applied to the wastewater applications.

Application of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the calli of Centella asiatica for the management of Meloidogyne arenaria infection in cowpea plants

The green synthesis of AgNPs from the calli extract of Centella asiatica was confirmed by the detailed analysis of UV–Vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) which revealed the size, shape, chemical composition and functional groups involved in the AgNPs formation.The in-vitro raised cowpea plants were given root dip treatment in Murashige and Skoog (MS) suspension medium supplemented with LC50- 75 mg/mL AgNPs followed by their transfer to glass house conditions for acclimatization. To evaluate the efficiency of root dip treatment, the acclimatized plants were inoculated with 2000 J2s of M. arenaria and the plants were observed on weekly basis. A differential growth response was observed from the cowpea plants under glass house conditions. A treatment plan designed showed that P4 plants showed a significant defense response against the biotic stress of M. arenaria as indicated by the percentage response of several growth parameters such as- plant height of 49.22 ± 0.89 %, plant fresh mass of 46.12 ± 0.83 %, plant dry mass of 9.3 ± 0.17 % and nodule number of 38 ± 0.68 % were reported in P4 plants after 6 weeks of J2s inoculation.Confocal microscopy of root sections of P3 cowpea plants revealed the presence of M. arenaria J2s in the cortical and provascular regions, however, in case of P4 plants an intact cellular structure was maintained. The application of AgNP didn't show any toxic effect on the growth of plant.

Green Synthesis of AgNPs and Fe2O3NPs Using Garlic Plant and Study their Anticancer Activity against Cervical Cancer Cells

In this study, silver and iron nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the garlic plant, an economical and environmentally friendly method. A blend of chitosan (CS) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was prepared. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs), and the (CS/PVA) blend were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. The FE-SEM images revealed that Fe2O3NPs were cubical and hexagonal, and AgNPs were spherical aggregates. AgNPs with blend (CS/PVA) and Fe2O3NPs with blend (CS/PVA) and (Fe2O3NPs/blend (CS/PVA) /AgNPs) composite were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity against cervical cancer cells (Hela) using the MTT assay. Best kills and the highest inhibitory effect were observed in (AgNPs/blend (CS/PVA)) and (Fe2O3NPs/Blend (CS/PVA)/AgNPs) composite. These findings demonstrated the method's ability to synthesize nanocomposites with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the new antibacterial and robust cytotoxicity features of the nanocomposite material, which has promising medical applications.

Assessment of the Effect of Surface Modification of Metal Oxides on Silver Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Potential Toxicity.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive properties and potential applications. Traditional fabrication methods for nanoparticles often involve high-energy physical conditions and the use of toxic solvents. Various green synthesis approaches have been developed to circumvent these issues and produce environmentally benign nanoparticles. Our study focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs using L-ascorbic acid and explores the modification of their properties to enhance antibacterial and anticancer effects. This is achieved by coating the nanoparticles with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Silica oxide (SiO2), which alters their optical properties in the visible spectrum. The synthesized formulations-AgNPs, zinc oxide-silver nanoparticles (Ag@ZnO), and silica oxide-silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2) core/shell nanoparticles-were characterized using a suite of physicochemical techniques, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential measurement, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Refractive Index Measurements, and Optical Anisotropy Assessment. TEM imaging revealed particle sizes of 11 nm for AgNPs, 8 nm for Ag@ZnO, and 400 nm for Ag@SiO2. The Zeta potential values for Ag@ZnO and Ag@SiO2 were measured at -17.0 ± 5 mV and -65.0 ± 8 mV, respectively. UV-Vis absorption spectra were recorded for all formulations in the 320 nm to 600 nm wavelength range. The refractive index of AgNPs at 404.7 nm was 1.34572, with slight shifts observed for Ag@ZnO and Ag@SiO2 to 1.34326 and 1.37378, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was assessed using the MTT assay. The results indicated that AgNPs and Ag@ZnO exhibited potent therapeutic effects, with IC50 values of 494.00 µg/mL and 430.00 µg/mL, respectively, compared to 4247.20 µg/mL for Ag@SiO2. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs was significantly enhanced under visible light irradiation. Ag@ZnO demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity both with and without light exposure, while the Ag@SiO2 nanocomposites significantly reduced the inherent antibacterial activity of silver. Conversely, the Ag@ZnO nanocomposites displayed pronounced antibacterial and anticancer activities. The findings suggest that silver-based nanocomposites, particularly Ag@ZnO, could be practical tools in water treatment and the pharmaceutical industry due to their enhanced therapeutic properties.

A systematic review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization and applications

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis methods has prompted the exploration of green routes for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs from different plants and microbes. The article indicated successful formation of stable AgNPs with well-defined characteristics. The eco-friendly synthesis approach ensures antimicrobial activities of the green-synthesized AgNPs, including bacteria and fungi. The mode of action of the nanoparticles on microbial cells were also investigated, shedding light on their potential as novel antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the versatility of these green-synthesized AgNPs was explored in different applications, such as biomedical, agricultural, and environmental sectors. Moreover, the environmental implications of utilizing these eco-friendly nanoparticles were assessed, highlighting their potential in addressing contemporary challenges.

Formulation of silver nanoparticles using Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract and evaluation of their versatile therapeutic applications.

The current research focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract. The green synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance band at 453nm in a UV-Visible analysis. The formulated AgNPs had a diameter of around 99.72nm with a spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed the bio-reducing potential of phytochemicals present in D. grandiflora, which fundamentally influenced the synthesis of AgNPs. Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses were executed to reveal the physicochemical attributes of the AgNPs. The AgNPs were further investigated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial potential. The DPPH free radical assay revealed the potential radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 76.73μg/ml) of green synthesized AgNPs. α-Amylase inhibitory assay displayed significant inhibitory potential (IC50 = 162.11μg/ml) of this starch-breaking enzyme by AgNPs, revealing the antidiabetic potential of AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited potential cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 244.57µg/ml) against malignant human kidney cells. In addition, AgNPs showed outstanding antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. Interestingly, AgNPs showed cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities at much higher concentrations than radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibitory concentrations. Thus, our finding elaborated the scope of green synthesized AgNPs for diverse therapeutic applications (dose-dependent) for further clinical translation.

Green synthesis of AgNPs from leaves extract of Saliva Sclarea, their characterization, antibacterial activity, and catalytic reduction ability

Abstract Several technologies are employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, each synthesis technique has advantages and disadvantages, and the best technique relies on the application at hand, the required qualities of the nanoparticles, and the size of the product. But in this article green synthesis were followed. In this research, AgNPs were synthesized using Salvia Sclarea leaf extract in green synthetic routes. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using UV–vis spectroscopy, powder XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. Here three different type of silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized, AgNPs-1, AgNPs-2, and AgNPs-3 (where composition of AgNO3 and extract were 6:1, 10:1 and 14:1 respectively). The catalytic ability of AgNPs 1–3 was determine in the reduction of nitro-compounds into corresponding amines, where AgNPs-2 was found efficient reductive catalyst. Moreover, antibacterial activities were checked against both gram-positive (Bacillus Suntilis) and gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Upon increasing Ag contents antibacterial activities were found in increasing mode. Which open new era of knowledge for further consideration.

Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Produced via Green Synthesis Method Using Thymus Vulgaris Aqueous Extract.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Green synthesis of AgNPs has been progressively gaining acceptance due to its cost-effectiveness and energy-efficient nature. In the current study, aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) was used to synthesize the AgNPs using green synthesis techniques followed by checking the effectiveness and various biological activities of these AgNPs. At first, the plant samples were proceeded for extraction of aqueous extracts followed by chromatography studies to measure the phenolics and flavonoids. The synthesis and characterization of AgNPs were done using green synthesis techniques and were confirmed using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential, zeta sizer and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After confirmation of synthesized AgNPs, various biological activities were checked. The chromatography analysis detected nine compounds accounting for 100% of the total amount of plant constituents. The FT-IR, UV-vis spectra, SEM, zeta potential, zeta sizer and XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs and the variety of chemical components present on the surface of synthesized AgNPs in the plant extract. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs showed 92% inhibition at the concentration of at 1000 µg/mL. A greater inhibitory effect in anti-diabetic analysis was observed with synthesized AgNPs as compared to the standard AgNPs. The hemolytic activity was low, but despite low concentrations of hemolysis activity, AgNPs proved not to be toxic or biocompatible. The anti-inflammatory activity of AgNPs was observed by in-vitro and in-vivo approaches in range at various concentrations, while maximum inhibition occurs at 1000 µg (77.31%). Our data showed that the potential biological activities of the bioactive constituents of T. vulgaris can be enhanced through green synthesis of AgNPs from T. vulgaris aqueous extracts. In addition, the current study depicted that AgNPs have good potential to cure different ailments as biogenic nano-medicine.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its characterization of maranta arundinacea

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized through eco-friendly and sustainable methods have gained significant attention due to their diverse applications and reduced environmental impact. In this study, the green synthesis of Ag NPs using Maranta arundinacea, commonly known as arrowroot, as a bio-reducing agent is represented. Arrowroot, abundant in phytochemicals, offers an environmentally benign approach to nanoparticle production. The description of the synthesis process, characterizing the Ag NPs using various techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). These analyses reveal the formation of well-defined Ag NPs with unique properties. This research contributes to the growing field of green nanotechnology and underscores the potential of Maranta arundinacea as a valuable resource for sustainable nanoparticle synthesis. The characterized Ag NPs hold promise for various applications, including medicine, catalysis and environmental remediation and provide a foundation for further exploration in these domains.

Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application

Abstract Recently, the plant extracts used to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered an excellent alternative to physical and chemical ways. The applications of NPs in the fields of agriculture, industry, and medicine are so many and diverse that they cannot be counted. In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted the consideration of several scientists because of their special characteristics and many applications in various fields, including optoelectronic catalysts, biological markers, and pharmaceutical and medical applications. In the current experiment, the cytotoxic potential of the properties of AgNPs green formulation using green tea on human colorectal cancer cells were determined. The NPs characterization was done by field emission-scanning electron microscopes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The average diameter of the particles was about 35 nm. The presence of (111), (200), (220), and (311) peaks at the positions of 38°, 44°, 63°, and 77° indicate the presence of AgNPs, which confirms the correct synthesis of AgNPs. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure anti-colorectal carcinoma (on HCT-8, HT-29, MDST8, HCA-7 Colony 29, HCT 116, and Ramos.2G6.4C10 cells) properties of AgNPs. The findings indicate that in 3 days, the cancer cell survival percentage in various dilations reduced as much as the NPs concentration increased. The best anticancer effect was reported at 1,000 μg/mL dilation. The IC50 was 141, 46, 149, 125, 125, and 44 µg/mL against HCT-8, HT-29, MDST8, HCA-7 Colony 29, HCT 116, and Ramos.2G6.4C10 colorectal cancer cells, respectively. The results indicated that these NPs could inhibit colorectal cancer cells more strongly than normal cells. After doing the clinical trial studies, the recent AgNPs are a suitable option for colorectal cancer treatment.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Cymodocea rotundata Leaf Extract and Their Biological Activities.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered to be a very significant and intriguing type within the category of metallic nanoparticles, particularly in the context of their involvement in biological applications. The objective of this research is to use the green synthesis method in order to synthesize AgNPs by using the leaf extract of C. rotundata. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these nanoparticles. Fresh and healthy specimens of C. rotundata were gathered from Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, India, and afterward subjected to a thorough washing process using tap water. The cleaned materials were air-dried and then fragmented into small bits and finely ground. The ethanolic extract of seagrass was then combined with a solution containing 1 millimolar (mM) silver nitrate (AgNo3). The decrease of silver ions in the solution was frequently measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer.Synthesized AgNPs were investigated for antioxidants by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and anti-inflammatory activity was measured by protein-denaturation assay. The use of C. rotundata leaf extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs, in the presence of 1 mM AgNO3, led to a noticeable alteration in the colour of the mixture, transitioning from a pale hue to a brown shade. This change in colour serves as evidence of the reduction of AgNo3 ions to silver ions, thereby facilitating the creation of AgNPs. The duration of the bio-reduction process of silver ions in the reaction mixture was observed to be two hours. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity showed promising activity for AgNPs. This study concluded that C. rotundata had antioxidant capabilities, and AgNPs derived from C. rotundata have potential use in pharmaceuticals and medication administration.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Jacobaea maritima and the Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities.

Much attention has been gained on green silver nanoparticles (green-AgNPs) in the medical field due to their remarkable effects against multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms and targeted cancer treatment. In the current study, we demonstrated a simple and environment-friendly (i.e., green) AgNP synthesis utilizing Jacobaea maritima aqueous leaf extract. This leaf is well-known for its medicinal properties and acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Nanoparticle preparation with the desired size and shape was controlled by distinct parameters; for instance, temperature, extract concentration of salt, and pH. The characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs was performed by the UV-spectroscopy technique, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared. The successful formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance at 422 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy and color change observation with a particle size of 37± 10 nm and a zeta potential of -10.9 ± 2.3 mV. SEM further confirmed the spherical size and shape of AgNPs with a size varying from 28 to 52 nm. Antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was confirmed against all Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial reference and MDR strains that were used in different inhibitory rates, and the highest effect was on the E-coli reference strain (MIC = 25 μg/mL). The anticancer study of AgNPs exhibited an IC50 of 1.37 μg/mL and 1.98 μg/mL against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) and A549 (lung cancer cells), respectively. Therefore, this green synthesis of AgNPs could have a potential clinical application, and further in vivo study is required to assess their safety and efficacy.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from plant Fagonia cretica and evaluating its anti-diabetic activity through indepth in-vitro and in-vivo analysis.

One of the most widespread metabolic diseases, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is defined by high blood sugar levels brought on by decreased insulin secretion, reduced insulin action, or both. Due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness, plant-mediated green synthesis of nanomaterials has become more and more popular. The aim of the study is to synthesize AgNPs, their characterizations and further in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Several methods were used to morphologically characterise the AgNPs. The AgNPs were crystalline, spherical, and clustered, with sizes ranging from 20 to 50nm. AgNPs were found to contain various functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study focuses on the green-synthesis of AgNPs from Fagonia cretica (F. cretica) leaves extract to evaluate their synthesized AgNPs for in-vitro and in-vivo anti-diabetic function. For the in-vivo tests, 20 male Balb/C albino-mice were split up into four different groups. Anti-diabetic in-vivo studies showed significant weight gain and a decrease in all biochemical markers (pancreas panel, liver function panel, renal function panel, and lipid profile) in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In vitro anti-diabetic investigations were also conducted on AgNPs, comprising α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitions, and antioxidant assays. AgNPs showed antioxidant activity in both the DPPH and ABTS assays. The research showed that the isolated nanoparticles have powerful antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, especially against the main enzymes involved in T2DM.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Saussurea obvallata for efficient catalytic reduction of nitrophenol, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity

Of several noble metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted special attention due to their distinct properties, such as favorable electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and catalytic and antibacterial activities. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts containing phytochemical agents has attracted considerable interest. This environmentally friendly approach is more biocompatible and cost-efficient and has the capability of supporting large-scale synthesis. This study developed an eco-friendly method for the preparation of AgNPs using the aqueous leaf extract of Saussurea obvallata as reducing and capping agents. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were conducted to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The morphology of AgNPs was found to be spherical with an average crystallite size of 12 nm and a maximum absorbance at 410 nm. 10 mg of AgNPs had potential to reduce 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in 16 min and exhibited strong biological activities against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (12 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (13 mm). The antioxidant activity of the synthesized AgNPs was investigated against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and exhibited up to 61.21% ± 0.02% at an AgNPs concentration of 500 μg/mL.