Green Sustainable Development Research Articles

Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis-A New Way for the Sustainable Recycling and Upgrading of Plastic and Biomass: A Review.

The efficient utilization of organic solid waste resources can help reducing the consumption of conventional fossil fuels, mitigating environmental pollution, and achieving green sustainable development. Due to its dual nature of being both a resource and a source of pollution, it is crucial to implement suitable recycling technologies throughout the recycling and upgrading processes for plastics and biomass, which are organic solid wastes with complex mixture of components. The conventional pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis were summarized for recycling plastics and biomass into high-value fuels, chemicals, and materials. To enhance reaction efficiency and improve product selectivity, microwave-assisted pyrolysis was introduced to the upgrading of plastics and biomass through efficient energy supply especially with the aid of catalysts and microwave absorbers. This review provides a detail summary of microwave-assisted pyrolysis for plastics and biomass from the technical, applied, and mechanistic perspectives. Based on the recent technological advances, the future directions for the development of microwave-assisted pyrolysis technologies are predicted.

Does a Company’s Position within the Interlocking Director Network Influence Its ESG Performance?—Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

In an era focused on deepening green sustainable development, improving corporate ESG performance has become a theoretical focal point. Starting from the positional attributes of the interlocking director network, this study investigates the influence of a company’s position within this network on its ESG performance among China’s A-share-listed companies from 2009 to 2022. It utilizes Huazheng ESG ratings from the Wind database and employs regression models, analyses, endogeneity, and propensity score matching tests via Stata15.0 to probe the internal mechanisms at play. Research findings indicate that corporations at the core of the interlocking director network exhibit significantly better ESG performance compared to those in peripheral positions. The interlocking director network enhances corporate ESG performance by improving internal control levels. Media attention positively influences the effect of the interlocking director network on corporate ESG performance. Further analysis reveals that the beneficial impact of the interlocking director network on ESG performance is more pronounced in highly marketized corporations, those outside of heavy pollution industries, and those with a higher proportion of female directors. Economically, the positive effect of the interlocking director network on ESG performance enhances both earnings per share and total factor productivity. This study offers a novel pathway for enhancing corporate sustainability in emerging economies through the lens of the interlocking director network, drawing on China’s experience. It aims to guide emerging markets in fostering ESG practices among corporations, thus offering theoretical insights for enhancing ESG performance.

The Development of a Fully Renewable Lubricant: The Effect of Ethyl Cellulose on the Properties of a Polyhydroxyalkanoate (P34HB)-Based Grease

In the context of the ongoing evolution of the global economy and increasing environmental awareness, green sustainable development has emerged as a crucial pathway for future advancements in the lubrication industry. In this study, we prepared bio-based greases by employing a thickener system consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoate (P34HB) and ethyl cellulose, with castor oil serving as a base oil. The results indicate that ethyl cellulose significantly and effectively enhances the grease system’s mechanical and colloidal stability. Notably, the addition of 5 wt% ethyl cellulose leads to superior mechanical and colloidal stability, while increasing concentrations gradually result in rheological properties similar to those of oleogels. Furthermore, the wear volume of grease containing 5 wt% ethyl cellulose was reduced by 39.20% compared to that of a reference P34HB grease, demonstrating its exceptional wear resistance. The present study provides a theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for the future development of biodegradable greases as substitutes for non-degradable materials, thereby expanding the range of environmentally friendly greases formulated with biomass-based thickeners.

Ultra-high performance concrete with metal mine tailings and its properties: a review

Abstract Metal mine tailings (MMT) are a kind of industrial solid waste, with an increasing accumulation year by year, which has seriously damaged the ecological environment. Incorporating MMT in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an effective means to achieve green sustainable development, which can not only make wastes be resources and prevent pollution but also save raw material costs and reduce energy consumption. However, metal mine tailings contain complex and diverse metal oxides and other chemical substance and even contain certain radioactive elements and heavy metal ions. These factors can affect the corrosion resistance of UHPC, accelerate its aging and damage, and in addition may have serious impacts on the environment and human health. This paper summarizes the material properties of MMT and its application in UHPC; analyzes the effects of MMT as powder or fine aggregate on the workability, mechanical properties, durability, and leaching toxicity of UHPC; and elaborates the hydration products, interfacial transition zone, and pore structure of UHPC incorporating MMT (MMT-UHPC). Based on previous research results, the relationship between flowability, flexural strength, porosity, and compressive strength of MMT-UHPC is established.

Interface Engineering-Modulated Nanoscale Bimetallic CoFe-MIL-88A In-Situ-Grown on 2D V2CTx MXene for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) provides a sustainable green development route for the nitrogen-neutral cycle. In this work, bimetallic CoFe-MIL-88A with two active sites (Fe, Co) were immobilized on a 2D V2CTx MXene surface by in situ growth method to achieve the purpose of the control interface. A large number of heterostructures are formed between small CoFe-MIL-88A and V2CTx, which regulate the electron transfer between the catalyst interfaces. The adsorption and activation of nitrogen on the active sites were enhanced, and the NRR reaction kinetics was accelerated. CoFe-MIL-88A is tightly arranged on V2CTx, which makes CoFe-MIL-88A/V2CTx have better hydrophobicity and can significantly inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction. The synergistic effect of multicatalytic active sites and multi-interface structure of CoFe-MIL-88A/V2CTx MXene is propitious to nitrogen efficiently and stably to convert into ammonia under environmental conditions with superior selectivity and good catalytic activity. The NH3 yield rate is 29.47 μg h-1 mgcat-1 at -0.3 V vs RHE, and the Faradaic efficiency (FE) is 28.86% at -0.1 V vs RHE. The catalytic mechanism was verified to conform to the distal pathway. This work will provide a new way to develop an MXene-based electrocatalyst for eNRR.

Environmental regulatory intensity, green finance and corporate green sustainable development performance

In the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, the emphasis is made on green and low-carbon initiatives, which has become a defining feature of China's development, and it is of great significance to help enterprises realize green and sustainable development under the guidance of environmental regulation to achieve the goal of “dual-carbon”. At first, this research analyzes the decision-making process between the government and enterprises under environmental regulation using the evolutionary game model. Moreover, using the TOPSIS method, this paper constructs the indicators of corporate green sustainable development performance, and empirically examines the impact of the intensity of environmental regulation on the green sustainable development performance of enterprises based on the data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2010 to 2022. A noteworthy positive correlation between the intensity of environmental regulation and the sustainable green development performance of enterprises is unveiled by the results. Mechanism tests suggest that the intensity of environmental regulation has a positive impact on the green sustainable development performance of enterprises through enhancing green finance and green technological innovation. Moreover, this effect tends to be more pronounced for enterprises that are in the mature life cycle, with green executive team, and high media attention. The research presented in this study contributes to establishing a novel theoretical foundation for corporate sustainable development.

Towards Carbon Neutrality in Agglomeration: Impact of Eco-Industry Development on Urban Carbon Emission Efficiency

Ecological industrial parks (EIPs) play a pivotal role as primary drivers of China’s industrial green transformation, facilitating the enhancement of urban carbon emission efficiency (UCEE) and the realization of green sustainable development. This study empirically investigates the effects of EIP policies on UCEE through quasi-natural experiments, utilizing data from 282 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2006 to 2021. Employing a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) method, the findings are as follows: (1) The implementation of EIP policies leads to a 2.5% average increase in UCEE. (2) Event analysis reveals certain lagging characteristics in the promoting effect of EIP policies on the carbon emission efficiency of pilot cities. (3) EIP construction primarily enhances UCEE by reinforcing agglomeration effects and elevating innovation ability. (4) The promoting effect of EIP construction is more pronounced in the eastern and central regions, as well as in non-resource-based cities within different regions. Drawing from the empirical results, this study provides pertinent recommendations for EIP construction, offering theoretical guidance to policymakers and managers in crafting sustainable development strategies.

Does digitalization help green consumption? Empirical test based on the perspective of supply and demand of green products

Green consumption (GC) is an unavoidable choice for mitigating environmental pressures, achieving the “double carbon goal”, and promoting the development of a low-carbon, green society as a whole. With the rapid advancement of digitization (Digi), artificial intelligence, big data, and other associated digital technologies have become powerful driving forces for GC from both the supply and demand perspectives. Therefore, a spatial Durbin model (SDM) was utilized to investigate the local and spatial spillover impacts of Digi on GC based on panel data from 2011 to 2020 from 30 Chinese provinces. It was found that: (1) Digi can influence both the supply and demand aspects of green products, establishing a positive correlation with local GC. It also exerted a favorable incentive effect on GC in neighboring provinces through spatial connections and spatial spillover, within the framework of the imitation mechanism. Several robustness tests revealed that the effects remained significant. (2) the enhanced market mechanisms and a favorable competitive environment offered by the high-level market, in addition to the subsidy and incentive mechanisms within the government's Green Consumption Policy (GCP), were instrumental in fostering the development of GC. Consequently, the government's role in “promotion” and the market's role in “pull” had a regulating effect on the impact of Digi on GC. (3) heterogeneity analysis illustrated that Digi had a more significant promoting effect on GC in the comprehensive big data pilot and large-scale industrial digitization areas. Based on this, we suggest that the state increase investment in Digi to provide a foundation for the research and development of green digital technologies. Additionally, the state should promote the construction and improvement of green consumer markets and formulate more incentive or penalty systems conducive to promoting GC. The research results also provide a theoretical basis for the direct and dynamic effects of Digi, as well as inspiration for promoting GC and green sustainable development.

The Impact of Agricultural Mechanization on Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity and its Promotion Prospect

From the perspective of rural revitalization, efforts to improve agricultural green total factor productivity is the key to achieve high-quality and efficient development of agricultural economy, and also an important starting point for building a modern agricultural power and Promoting Rural Revitalization Strategy. Based on the survey data of six cities in Northern Anhui, combined with the needs of green sustainable agricultural development and ecological civilization construction, SEM model and decision tree model were established to analyze the factors affecting the improvement of agricultural green total factor productivity, and explore the prospect and attitude of residents in six cities in Northern Anhui to the improvement of agricultural green total factor productivity. Finally, the paper puts forward targeted policy suggestions from six aspects of policy support, resource integration, technology transformation, public participation, environmental protection and market guidance, aiming to explore the feasible path for improving agricultural green total factor productivity in the six cities in Northern Anhui.

Enhancing the MSPA Method to Incorporate Ecological Sensitivity: Construction of Ecological Security Patterns in Harbin City

China’s urban development has reached a stage where green sustainable development must be considered. Constructing an ecological security pattern (ESP) can effectively contribute to maintaining sustainable development and ecological safety in a city. Harbin, a significant city in northeastern China, serves as the study area with a focus on its urban central district. To construct and optimize Harbin’s ESP, this study utilized ecological sensitivity assessment, MSPA (morphological spatial pattern analysis), the gravity model, landscape connectivity assessment, and the MCR (minimum cumulative resistance) model to identify source areas, corridors, and nodes. Research reveals that there are 23 ecological source areas within the study area, primarily situated along the Songhua River and in the mountain woodlands of the A-cheng District. This study identified 48 corridors, predominantly situated in the Daowai District, A-cheng District, and the eastern part of Xiangfang District. Among these, 8 are deemed significant ecological corridors, along with 10 important connecting corridors. We propose the structure of ecological security pattern optimization, referred to as the “two axes, two belts, and four areas”, and present corresponding ecological management recommendations. The analytical framework provides a valuable method for constructing ecological security patterns and selecting source areas at the regional scale in Harbin City, particularly in complex plain urban areas.

Transformational green sustainable concepts in the field of infrastructure

In this comprehensive study, we explore the multifaceted world of green sustainable construction, highlighting innovative techniques and materials. This article presents an insightful exploration of green sustainable construction, focusing on the crucial aspects of architectural design, judicious material selection, and the adoption of optimal structural designs. Through comprehensive literature research supplemented by practical examples, it highlights several innovative construction methodologies that are at the forefront of green sustainable development. These include the use of lightweight framing, cladding systems, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), rammed earth, and straw bale construction, each contributing uniquely to environmental sustainability. The study brings to light the looming issue of raw material scarcity due to excessive exploitation, urging for sustainable material management in construction. It stresses the urgency of implementing effective pollution control measures within the construction sector, asserting that such practices are not just beneficial but essential for environmental conservation and sustainable development. This research contributes significantly to the field by providing a foundation for future exploration and advancements in sustainable construction practices.

Bio-based poly(lactic acid) foams with enhanced mechanical and heat-resistant properties obtained by facilitating stereocomplex crystallization with addition of D-sorbitol

The preparation of bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams with high mechanical properties and heat resistance is of great significance for environmental protection and green sustainable development. In this paper, D-sorbitol (DS) containing six hydroxyl groups was introduced into poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) blends for first time to promote the formation of stereocomplex (SC) crystals, which could improve the foaming behavior and enhance mechanical properties and heat resistance of PLA foams. The results showed that DS could improve the formation efficiency and crystallinity of SC crystals by enhancing the hydrogen bonding between the enantiomeric molecular chains. Furthermore, the compression modulus and interactions Vicat softening temperature of the PLLA/PDLA/DS blend foam increased about 854% and 16% compared to the pure PLLA foam, respectively. Besides, when the annealing process was introduced, the compression and heat resistance of the PLA foams increased further. This study provided a feasible strategy for the preparation of bio-based and biodegradable PLA foams with outstanding compressive and heat resistance properties.

Research on the spatial and temporal impact of commercial banks’ spatial agglomeration on PM2.5 pollution in China

Commercial banks are the main body of the finance industry in China. It is of great significance to study the impact of commercial banks’ spatial agglomeration on PM2.5 for China to develop a green economy. This article selects data from 30 provinces in China, covering 2000 to 2021. This study innovatively utilizes commercial banking institutions’ longitude and latitude geographic coordinate information to build a new indicator to characterize the spatial agglomeration degree of commercial banks. Then, we use the geographically and temporally weighted regression model to investigate the spatio-temporal heterogeneous effect of commercial bank agglomeration on PM2.5. The theoretical mechanism concludes that financial agglomeration exacerbates PM2.5 pollution through the scale effect and can also reduce PM2.5 pollution through technique effect and composition effect. Financial agglomeration and PM2.5 have obvious temporal and spatial differences as well as spatial autocorrelation characteristics. The geographically and temporally weighted regression model's results show that from a national perspective, financial agglomeration can inhibit PM2.5 pollution, but the inhibitory effect is gradually diminishing, indicating that it is imminent for China to further deepen its green financial reform. From the provincial level, the influence of financial agglomeration on PM2.5 has obvious temporal and spatial differences. The inhibitory effects of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are becoming stronger, and these areas have the best situations. The promoting effects of the three northeastern provinces and Shanxi and other central and western provinces are becoming larger and larger, and these areas have the worst situations. Shanghai and other eastern provinces and Guangxi and other western provinces have respectively brought inhibitory effects and promoting effects, but the effects are all weakening, and the situations are in the middle. The scientific value of this study lies in the following: First, this study combines the environmental Kuznets curve theory for mechanism analysis, providing a scientific theoretical basis for subsequent related research. Second, the financial agglomeration index constructed in this study provides a scientific reference for academic circles to more accurately investigate the relationship between financial agglomeration and environmental pollution. Third, this study reveals the temporal and spatial differences in the impact of financial agglomeration on PM2.5 pollution by using the geographically and temporally weighted regression model for the first time, pointing out the focus and direction for decoupling economic growth and PM2.5 pollution under the influence of financial agglomeration in China provinces. With China's efforts to achieve green sustainable development, this study provides new ideas and valuable insights into the driving factors of green economic growth in China.

Measurement, Spatial-Temporal Evolution, and Optimization Path of the Level of Coordinated Development of Ecological Civilisation: The Case of China

Based on the energy–economy–environment–society (3E1S) system theory, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation system for the coordinated development of China’s ecological civilisation construction using panel data from 31 provinces and cities from 2005 to 2020, which is specifically divided into four sub-systems, namely, energy, economy, environment, and society, and covers 10 ordinal covariates and 40 ordinal variable indicators. In terms of measurement and evaluation methods, this paper adopted the composite system synergy model to measure the level of coordinated development of ecological civilisation construction of the country as a whole and 31 provinces and cities and adopted Arcgis maps, standard deviation ellipses, kernel density curves, and Theil index methods to explore the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences in the level of coordinated development of ecological civilisation construction. It was found that the coordinated development level of China’s ecological civilisation construction increased year by year from 2005 to 2020, with the most obvious upward trend from 2011 to 2015, with an average increase of 26.5%. Secondly, the spatial distribution pattern of the coordinated development level of China’s ecological civilisation construction was relatively stable, basically showing a dominant southwest–northeast direction, but the spatial centre of gravity shows a trajectory shifting towards the southwest. Finally, there were large regional differences in the level of coordinated development of China’s ecological civilisation, with an overall decreasing regional pattern of “Central-Northeast-East-West”. However, the overall differences among the four regions showed a decreasing trend. The overall differences among the four regions were mainly intra-regional, with the western region having the greatest intra-regional differences and contributing to the overall differences. Although this paper takes China as a case study, its research methodology and conclusions can provide references for the construction of ecological civilisation and green sustainable development in other countries.

High-Speed Railway Opening, Industrial Symbiotic Agglomeration and Green Sustainable Development—Empirical Evidence from China

In recent years, China’s transportation infrastructure has undergone significant changes. High-speed rail, as a new and favored mode of transportation, offers travelers convenience, efficiency, and punctuality, replacing many high-pollution transportation methods. Based on the characteristics of high-speed rail, this paper selects data from 30 provinces spanning from 1999 to 2019. It utilizes the double-difference method to evaluate the impact of high-speed rail opening on economic sustainability. It has been found that the introduction of high-speed rail contributes to economic sustainability during the examination period. The mechanism test also reveals that the opening of high-speed rail promotes green and sustainable development through the industrial agglomeration effect. In addition, the opening of high-speed rail (HSR) has a significant time lag effect and a spatial spillover effect on green sustainable development. The conclusion complements the theoretical framework regarding the impact of high-speed rail on the environment and regional economic sustainability. It also provides guidance for the efficient utilization of high-speed rail, which holds both theoretical and practical importance.

Spatial correlation network characteristics and influencing factors of water environmental efficiency in three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin, China

Within the framework of achieving carbon peak and neutrality, studying the measurement and spatial correlation network of water environmental efficiency (WEE) is beneficial for protecting the water environment and strengthening the coordinated development between regions. This study quantifies WEE under carbon emission constraints in three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin. Employing a modified gravity model paired with social network analysis (SNA) method, we establish a spatial correlation network. Furthermore, we explore the determinants of the spatial correlation network using Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) model. The research findings indicate that: (1) WEE exhibits fluctuations and increases, illustrating a trend of 'high on both sides and low in the middle.' (2) The spatial connection of WEE is tightening, demonstrating significant spatial spillover effects. Compared to Chengdu-Chongqing and the Midstream, the Yangtze River Delta has transitioned from a 'dual-core' setup to a multicentric network, which is more stable and showcases tighter interconnections. (3) Urbanization, population density, industrial transformation, and technological innovation emerge as the primary influencing factors of the spatial correlation network, displaying both temporal and regional heterogeneity. This study provides a theoretical framework and empirical support for water environmental protection and offers insights for policy-making towards green sustainable development.

Entrepreneurial spirit: A catalyst on the road to green and sustainable development——A theoretical analysis based on dynamic games and empirical tests from Chinese data

Environmental protection and sustainable development are now profoundly ingrained in the public consciousness in the modern era of the global green revolution. First, this paper uses an evolutionary game model to theoretically analyse the impact of environmental regulation and green finance on enterprises by dissecting the game behaviour between local governments, banks and enterprises. Then, we incorporate entrepreneurial spirit into the model to determine whether entrepreneurial spirit accelerates the achievement of green sustainability objectives. Environmental regulation and green finance are found to contribute substantially to the innovation of green technologies by local enterprises, while entrepreneurial spirit accelerates this process. Finally, we empirically test the findings based on a prefecture-level panel dataset from 2007 to 2020. We find that green finance has a positive impact in Central and Western cities of China, while Eastern cities are in greater need for government environmental regulation controls. For entrepreneurial spirit, the incentive effect of entrepreneurial spirit on the level of green technology innovation is more significant in Central and Western regions of China. This paper enriches the field of research on entrepreneurial spirit and regional green sustainable development by providing empirical evidence for the evaluation of environmental regulatory and green financing policy impacts.

Appropriately Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Phosphorus in Ratooning Rice Increased the Yield and Reduced the Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southeast China

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving productivity is the core of sustainable agriculture development. In recent years, rice ratooning has developed rapidly in China and other Asian countries, becoming an effective measure to increase rice production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in these regions. However, the lower yield of ratooning rice caused by the application of a single nitrogen fertilizer in the ratooning season has become one of the main reasons limiting the further development of rice ratooning. The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus plays a crucial role in increasing crop yield and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on ratooning rice remain unclear. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on ratooning rice. Two hybrid rice varieties, ‘Luyou 1831’ and ‘Yongyou 1540’, were used as experimental materials. A control treatment of nitrogen-only fertilization (187.50 kg·ha−1 N) was set, and six treatments were established by reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 10% (N1) and 20% (N2), and applying three levels of phosphorus fertilizer: N1P1 (168.75 kg·ha−1 N; 13.50 kg·ha−1 P), N1P2 (168.75 kg·ha−1 N; 27.00 kg·ha−1 P), N1P3 (168.75 kg·ha−1 N; 40.50 kg·ha−1 P), N2P1 (150.00 kg·ha−1 N; 13.50 kg·ha−1 P), N2P2 (150.00 kg·ha−1 N; 27.00 kg·ha−1 P), and N2P3 (150.00 kg·ha−1 N; 40.50 kg·ha−1 P). The effects of reduced nitrogen and increased phosphorus treatments in ratooning rice on the yield, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the community structure of rhizosphere soil microbes were examined. The results showed that the yield of ratooning rice in different treatments followed the sequence N1P2 > N1P1 > N1P3 > N2P3 > N2P2 > N2P1 > N. Specifically, under the N1P2 treatment, the average two-year yields of ‘Luyou 1831’ and ‘Yongyou 1540’ reached 8520.55 kg·ha−1 and 9184.90 kg·ha−1, respectively, representing increases of 74.30% and 25.79% compared to the N treatment. Different nitrogen and phosphorus application combinations also reduced methane emissions during the ratooning season. Appropriately combined nitrogen and phosphorus application reduced the relative contribution of stochastic processes in microbial community assembly, broadened the niche breadth of microbial communities, enhanced the abundance of functional genes related to methane-oxidizing bacteria and soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere, and decreased the abundance of functional genes related to methanogenic and denitrifying bacteria, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the ratooning season. The carbon footprint of ratooning rice for ‘Luyou 1831’ and ‘Yongyou 1540’ decreased by 25.82% and 38.99%, respectively, under the N1P2 treatment compared to the N treatment. This study offered a new fertilization pattern for the green sustainable development of rice ratooning.

Effects of carbon emission trading system on corporate green total factor productivity: Does environmental regulation play a role of green blessing?

Extant studies focus on the impact of environmental regulation on regional economic growth or environmental pollution, and a lot of research outcomes have been made. However, from the perspective of corporate green sustainable development, the question of whether carbon emission trading represents a “green blessing” remains unclear. To address this issue, we employ a staggered difference-in-differences model to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the carbon emissions trading pilot policy (CETPP) on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of listed manufacturing companies in China. Our results demonstrate that: a) CETPP can effectively promote corporate GTFP, and the robustness of this result is verified through a series of checks; b) the mediating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is critical in the relationship between CETPP and corporate GTFP, with environmental and governance performance serving as two key transmission channels; and c) CEO green experience and public environmental concern both play the moderating roles on the relationship between CETPP and GTFP; d) CETPP has a stronger positive impact on GTFP of private enterprises and enterprises in the maturity life cycle; and e) CETPP has a spatial spillover effect on GTFP, and the effect will decay as spatial distance increases. Our study offers both theoretical and practical implications for enterprises to achieve their green economic development objectives, so as to promote China's high-quality development.

A comprehensive study on product properties and synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis of antibiotic mycelium residues and agricultural and forestry wastes

Co-pyrolysis is considered as a promising method to treat solid waste and improve product properties. In this work, the co-pyrolysis behavior of penicillin mycelial residues (PMR) and rice husk (RH) and wood dusts (WD) was studied, the physicochemical properties of co-pyrolysis products (gas, tar and biochar) were systematically analyzed, and the interaction effects were discussed. TG results showed that the synergistic effect of PMR co-pyrolysis with WD was much higher than that of PMR co-pyrolysis with RH. And co-pyrolysis showed synergistic effect on biochar and tar and antagonistic effect on gas. XRD, Raman and XPS results showed that the co-pyrolysis of PMR and additives (RH and WD) was beneficial to improve the aromaticity and graphitization of biochar. For the co-pyrolysis of PMR and RH, the enhancement of Maillard and Mannich reaction promoted the formation of N-containing heterocyclic compounds, the N-containing compounds obtained better synergistic effects (S = 21.28 %). During the co-pyrolysis of PMR and WD, the decarboxylation, glycoside bond breaking, inner ring C–O group breaking and C–C bond breaking of macromolecules promoted the increase of ketones and furans, especially the ketones obtained the greatest synergistic effect (S = 73.93 %). And the possible reaction pathways for synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis of PMR with RH and WD was speculated, the application framework of pyrolysis products based on the concept of green sustainable development was designed.