Green Space System Planning Research Articles

Refuge Green Space Equity: A Case Study of Third Ring Road on Chengdu

As part of urban green space and emergency shelters, refuge green spaces (RGS) contribute significantly to the resilience of cities to natural disasters. In contrast, few studies have been conducted to assess the equity of RGS in relation to their planning layout. The presented research aims to quantitatively evaluate the equity of RGS within Chengdu’s Third Ring Road, and to propose corresponding optimization measures in conjunction with future green space planning. The rapid evacuation capacity of the RGS was evaluated by calculating the equity of the RGS in walking modes of 5, 10 and 15 min using an improved three-step floating catchment area method (3SFCA). Based on the results, RGS had an average equity in the study area. The total number of RGS within the Third Ring Road of Chengdu was insufficient, with an uneven spatial distribution and a structure to be optimized. The rapid evacuation capacity of RGS in 5 and 10 min needs to be further improved. The short-term resettlement capacity of RGS after 15 min was relatively good. Using Moran’s I index, the RGS equity and house price results were analyzed and no significant aggregation and polarization were observed. Following the evaluation, recommendations are made for optimizing and adding future RGS in accordance with Chengdu Green Space System Planning. The equity of RGS has been significantly improved after optimization, which can meet the needs of over 90% of residents for 15 min. This study provided feasible suggestions for the layout and structural optimization of the future RGS within the Third Ring Road of Chengdu, which aimed to create a RGS network with complex functions, to meet the multiple needs of citizens.

Energy Conservation Optimization and Numerical Simulation of Urban Green Space Landscape Pattern

In order to alleviate the urban heat island effect, absorb harmful gases, reduce temperature, and increase humidity, a method of energy conservation optimization and numerical simulation of urban green space landscape pattern is proposed. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, green wedge, green belt, green road, park, and other types of green space with different ecological functions are designed in Shenyang, and an optimization scheme of urban green space network spatial structure of “four belts, three rings, seven wedges, and network connection” is formed. Combined with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis technology, the atmospheric environment effect under the influence of green space landscape optimization pattern in summer based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation technology is analyzed, and the corresponding optimization strategies of urban green space planning are put forward. The simulation results show that in the bottom wind speed field of 1.5 m, the area ratio of 0∼0.375 m/s wind speed is 15.87%, and the area ratio of 2.625∼3 m/s wind speed is 32.06%. In the bottom concentration field of 1.5 m, the spatial diffusion capacity of SO2 pollutants is enhanced, and the concentration of pollutants is relatively low. The area ratio of SO2 concentration is 10.06% in the range of 0.1292∼0.1551 mg/m3, and the area ratio of SO2 concentration is 68.08% in the range of 0∼0.05169 mg/m3. It is concluded that the spatial diffusion of wind speed, SO2, and temperature is closely related to the urban spatial layout. The optimal spatial layout of urban green space can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect, promote the spatial diffusion of SO2, and better form the urban ventilation corridor. The research on atmospheric environmental effects of urban green space based on CFD can effectively simulate and evaluate the optimization measures and conceptual design of urban green space system planning, and also provide new ideas for the quantitative planning of urban green space system.

Green infrastructure network construction method for mitigating urban heat island effect in Nanjing

Objective As an ecological network covering the city, green infrastructure (GI) network plays an important role in mitigating the heat island effect. The purpose of this study is to explore the construction method and reasonable planning and layout of GI, as well as effective measures to improve the urban thermal environment. Method The main urban area of Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province was taken as the research object. Based on the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), the “source” patches with high connectivity and significant cooling effect were selected. The landscape pattern index reflecting the landscape pattern and the surface cooling rate reflecting the surface coverage characteristics were superposed to construct the resistance surface. Then, the minimum cost path method was used to generate corridors. Result 1) 507 core patches with high cooling rate were identified, and 25 patches were selected as “source” patches based on landscape connectivity analysis. 2) 20 corridors were identified by the minimum cost path method. Together with the “source” patches, the urban GI network was constructed to mitigate the heat island effect. 3) The network was optimized based on Green Space System Planning of Nanjing, and the overall spatial structure of “three rings, six belts and multiple lines” was proposed. Conclusion The comprehensive application of various methods makes it more reasonable to construct a GI network to mitigate the heat island effect, and provides a new research approach for building a GI network and improving urban living environment.[Ch, 5 fig. 6 tab. 27 ref.]

Constructing an Aims-Indicators-Methods framework for Green Space System Planning in China

Green Space System Planning (GSSP), taking all the green space within the city administrative area as a complete and comprehensive system, is a kind of official statutory planning that the Chinese government requires all the cities to draw up as a supplement for cities' Master Planning. It is the primary legal basis for green space protection and construction. Its temporal scale is 5 ∼ 20 years, and the planning area is gradually expanding from the urban area to the city area. With China's increasing emphasis on the ecological environment, green space development has been injected with more ecological functions. Simultaneously, the requirements for green space are added to the policy documents issued by several administrations about urban and rural planning. As a result, the qualitative and quantitative requirements for GSSP have become more complex than ever before. This article reviews and summarizes the laws, regulations, policy documents, and standards (national and industrial level) related to GSSP in the urban and rural planning field from the perspective of government requirements. The results show that the Chinese government's requirements for GSSP can be divided into three levels: mandatory, ecological, and promotional level. Furthermore, transforming the three-level requirements to their corresponding aims, this article constructed a hierarchical, multi-objective Aims-Indicators-Methods (AIM) framework of GSSP based on various aims and requirements. We hope that the AIM framework of GSSP can be more practical, which means regions can select an appropriate AIM framework according to their own environmental and economic conditions and simplify the preparation of GSSP.

Identification of ecological networks and nodes in Fujian province based on green and blue corridors

China's Green Space System Planning (GSSP) research has gradually expanded from central urban areas to municipal and provincial scales in recent years. Besides, the research on the role of green space in the water environment has also attracted much attention. However, the study of green corridors usually ignored hydrological data, which widespread absence especially in the large area scale. And the scale of green corridor construction mainly focused on central urban areas. This paper took China's Fujian province as an example. Based on the DEM elevation data, the article identified blue corridors without hydrological data. In addition, the green corridors were determined based on the land use data. According to the green corridors and blue corridors protection, we identified the ecological networks and nodes by the network analysis method. The results showed that the blue corridors identified by DEM data were consistent with the hydrological status quo. The regional status of the identified ecological networks and nodes were basically in line with their characteristics, proving the value of the planning methods. Finally, based on the identification results, suggestions for Fujian's ecological networks and nodes are put forward.

Study on the Spatial Relationship between Green Space and Surface Runoff in Suzhou City

Green spaces are more than just part of the landscape; they are a powerful means of purifying and controlling surface runoff. In the context of urbanization, Suzhou faces serious problems of water pollution, urban waterlogging and water shortage, and the main cause of these problems is the inadequate treatment of surface runoff. As an advanced city in the country, Suzhou still faces water ecology problems caused by surface runoff under high green space conditions, which makes it urgent to analyze the relationship between the existing green space and surface runoff to further discover the problems and deficiencies of the existing green space in reducing surface runoff, thus providing a basis for future green space system planning.

Optimization Strategy of Landscape Ecological Planning in Urban Green Space System

In recent years, China’s urbanization process has increased year by year, and the environmental problems brought by it have become increasingly prominent. The urban ecological environment and urban green space are closely connected. The improvement and reconstruction of the ecological environment need to be realized through the urban green space system planning. Therefore, it is imperative to apply landscape ecology in the urban green space system planning. This paper first outlines the important role of urban green space systems in restoring ecological and environmental problems. Second, based on the research on the landscape ecological progress of urban green space systems at home and abroad, through in-depth investigation of some representative urban green space systems in China, the current domestic Problems existing in urban green space system planning. Finally, based on the principles of landscape ecology, an optimization strategy for landscape ecological planning in urban green space systems was proposed. The results show that the use of landscape ecology can rationally plan the landscape space, green space corridors, green space patches and other factors in the green space system, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the urban environment and promoting ecological balance.

Research on the Strategy of Urban Green Space System Planning Based on the Eco Oriented Development Model

Research on the Strategy of Urban Green Space System Planning Based on the Eco Oriented Development Model

Research on Urban Green Space System Evaluation Index System

“Green space” is the lung of the city. The rational planning and protection of green space is crucial to the construction and development of the city. This paper mainly analyzes the problems existing in China’s current urban green space system planning indicators, discusses the principles and index system for establishing the urban green space system index system, and proposes a new concept of ecological and three-dimensional greening represented by the green quantity rate. It analyzes the relationship between urban green space system and urban planning, the impact factors of resource reserve and environmental pressure in green space system planning and their effects, and controls and localizes from urban spatial structure, shape, urban land use, environmental quality and population size demand. From the perspective of detailed control, a resource-saving and environment-friendly urban green space system planning evaluation index system is constructed to provide operational decision guidance for urban planning.

Urban Green Space Suitability Evaluation Based on the AHP-CV Combined Weight Method: A Case Study of Fuping County, China

Urban green space (UGS) provides critical ecosystem services and alleviates environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is recognized as a traditional technique to identify the weight of the UGS suitability evaluation. We reveal the limitations of the AHP method for its subjectivity and uncertainty. Then, we introduce the AHP and coefficient of variation (AHP-CV) combined weight method to better evaluate the suitability of UGS. Based on the principle of minimum information entropy, the AHP-CV combined weight method takes advantage of both the AHP and CV methods, thus keeping a good balance between subjectivity and objectivity. We used the green space system planning of Fuping County in China as a case study. A new evaluation index system was established using 4 aspects. Our results show that high-suitability areas are mainly distributed around the northern mountainous regions, 2 important rivers and the outer areas of the central city. By comparing the UGS suitability evaluation results obtained by the AHP, CV, and AHP-CV combined weight methods, we found that the AHP-CV method was optimal. Therefore, the AHP-CV combined weight method will not only enrich spatial Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques but also have a wide application in the related fields of land-use planning.

“3S”-based Environmental Protection Geographic Information System Research

To make the complicated environmental protection work simple, the data in various environmental work business systems were integrated together, and the accurate and effective analysis of decision-making and rapid response were made via the information application platform based on an intuitive and graphical 3D map. Thus, it put forward higher requirements for the construction of the information system. Therefore, in view of the main defects in the planning and compilation of the urban green space system in China, the application of the new technology and new theory, represented by 3S technology in the urban green space system planning, was discussed in order to enrich and perfect the general indication under the support of the 3S technology, in order to improve the rationality and scientific of the planning. The research showed that the application of 3S technology and its related theories in the planning of urban green space system were reasonable and effective. It makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional urban green space system planning theory and method and explores a new way of planning.

Multimedia Teaching Platform for Urban Planning Utilizing 3D Technology

In recent years, 3D technology based on computer and internet has achieved high-speed development. People have realized direct and stereo observation of realistic world. Three-dimensional and visualized characteristics of the technology fit well with the teaching objective of college architecture specialized courses. Thus, 3D model has profound practical significance for its application in urban green space system and urban rural overall planning. With “urban-rural master plan” as experimental course, through design of “urban-rural master plan” multimedia teaching platform based on 3D technology and practice of the teaching platform in course teaching, this article has applied control experiment method and statistical method to make comparative analysis on the teaching effect difference of multimedia teaching platform based on 3D technology application in “urban-rural master plan” as experimental course so as to provide theoretical and data support for 3D technology application in “urban-rural master plan” and other college architecture major courses.

Spatial Equity Measure on Urban Ecological Space Layout Based on Accessibility of Socially Vulnerable Groups—A Case Study of Changting, China

The improper layout of urban public parks leads to the difference between citizens sharing or not sharing this kind of public resource, particularly in the historical districts of mountainous cities in China. The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial equity and quantitative measures of urban public parks’ layouts by building a demand index of socially vulnerable groups sharing public parks based on the accessibility evaluation model. In this paper, Changting—a famous national historical and cultural city—is taken as the empirical object, then the accessibility and social equity of public parks is quantitatively measured with the aid of the field investigation method, the spatial analysis model of geographic information system (GIS) and the SPSS statistical analysis method. The results indicate that it is feasible to measure the spatial equity of urban public parks with the accessibility and demand index of socially vulnerable groups, and it can effectively characterize the rationality and social equity of urban ecological space. It shows that a degree of spatial mismatch exists between the distribution of urban public parks and that of residents, that is to say the spatial distribution of public parks is not equitable in terms of accessibility or residents’ demands. Therefore, the data suggest that the spatial patterns and accessibility levels of parks in Changting County—especially the historical districts—should be further improved and perfected to achieve high levels of accessibility and equity through urban green space system planning. The paper may be used as a scientific reference for the planning and construction of ecological urban spaces. It can also provide useful decision-making guidance for urban planners in investigating, analyzing, and adjusting the distribution of public service facilities to achieve equitable outcomes, while promoting the harmonious and sustainable development of mountainous cities.

Planning green space in Adelaide city: enlightenment from green space system planning of Fuzhou city (2015–2020)

ABSTRACTUrban green space is a type of open space furnished with grass, trees, flowers, water as well as some necessary infrastructures. It is an essential element of cities to the quality of life for urban residents. In current years, more and more urban planners pay great concern with the relationship of climate change and urban green space system. They are looking for smart ways of urban green space planning to meet the needs of climate adaptation and climate change mitigation. This paper explores green space in the city of Adelaide in South Australia and compares green space policies and practices in Adelaide city with Fuzhou city in South China, and analyses and summarises the main conceptions and data of Fuzhou green space system planning (2015–2020) with the aim of promoting Adelaide city green space planning in future. An improved green space system in Adelaide will strengthen the resilience of the city to climate change as well as other challenges presented with the growing population and the growing urban areas.

An Evaluation on Urban Green Space System Planning Based on Thermal Environmental Impact

From the ecological effect of urban green space system, this paper illustrates the necessity and importance of inter-disciplinary evaluation of the urban green space system from the ecological perspective and analyzes the mechanism of action of urban green space in relieving the heat island effect. The quantitative evaluation approach for the thermal environmental impact of urban green space system is proposed utilizing GIS technology. Zhuzhou is taken as an example for practical application of the approach. Lastly, priority issues in relation to urban green space system planning and quantitative evaluation are discussed.

Planning of Green Space Ecological Network in Urban Areas: An Example of Nanchang, China.

Green space plays an important role in sustainable urban development and ecology by virtue of multiple environmental, recreational, and economic benefits. Constructing an effective and harmonious urban ecological network and maintaining a sustainable living environment in response to rapid urbanization are the key issues required to be resolved by landscape planners. In this paper, Nanchang City, China was selected as a study area. Based on a series of landscape metrics, the landscape pattern analysis of the current (in 2005) and planned (in 2020) green space system were, respectively, conducted by using FRAGSTATS 3.3 software. Considering the actual situation of the Nanchang urban area, a “one river and two banks, north and south twin cities” ecological network was constructed by using network analysis. Moreover, the ecological network was assessed by using corridor structure analysis, and the improvement of an ecological network on the urban landscape was quantitatively assessed through a comparison between the ecological network and green space system planning. The results indicated that: (1) compared to the green space system in 2005, the planned green space system in 2020 of the Nanchang urban area will decline in both districts (Changnan and Changbei districts). Meanwhile, an increase in patch density and a decrease in mean patch size of green space patches at the landscape level implies the fragmentation of the urban green space landscape. In other words, the planned green space system does not necessarily improve the present green space system; (2) the ecological network of two districts has high corridor density, while Changnan’s ecological network has higher connectivity, but Changbei’s ecological network is more viable from an economic point of view, since it has relatively higher cost efficiency; (3) decrease in patch density, Euclidean nearest neighbor distance, and an increase in mean patch size and connectivity implied that the ecological network could improve landscape connectivity greatly, as compared with the planned green space system. That is to say, the planned ecological network would reduce landscape fragmentation, and increase the shape complexity of green space patches and landscape connectivity. As a result, the quality of the urban ecological environment would be improved.

Green System Planning Based on the Green Infrastructural

Green space system planning is the most direct method to improve urban ecological environment from the perspective of planning. However, traditional way of green space system planning exposes its limitation of paying attention to only urban area, accompanied by the prominent appeal for the enhancement of urban ecological environment and living environment quality. Therefore, the study gives a preliminary discussion on the method of green spaces system planning based on GI theory by introducing the concept and characteristic of GI, and proposes urban-rural integrated green space environment formed by the organic combination of Hubs, Links, and Sites and an urban green space system able to keep the integrality and consecutiveness of natural ecological process, which offers reference for green space system planning of the new era.

The Strategic Research on Green Space System Planning of Small Towns in Cold Region

Small towns in cold region own special ecological environment. Aiming at their particular climate characteristics, the green space system planning of small towns in cold region was studied. Through analyzing the problems of the green space system planning of small towns in cold region, the study proposes five levels planning strategy, including developing the regional integrated green space system planning of small towns in cold region, building the stable green network structure of town, improving quantity and quality of green space of small towns in cold region, strengthening winter landscape construction of small towns in cold region, and inheriting ice and snow culture of small towns in cold region, in order to promote the sustainable development of green space system planning of small towns in cold region.

Thinking of Green Space System Planning of City New District Based on Sustainable Development

Problems existed in the green space construction of city new districts, such as loss of ecological functions, the simple pursuit of quantity, high degree of landscape fragmentation. This paper took the concept of sustainable development as a guide, combined with new-district constructions of Sweden, Britain and Germany, the following proposals for green space system planning were put forward to realize sustainable development of new districts: planning should be oriented by ecological functions; positive interaction must be sought between green space system and the new-district space development; protection on the natural landscape resources and continuous landscape process must be strengthened; green space system planning should focus on the continuation of regional context.

Research on Ecological Compensation of Urban Green Space：A Case Study on Jinan City

Study on ecological compensation ability of urban green space is the premise and foundation of scientific and reasonable urban ecological green space system planning. Taking Jinan as an example, the paper studies the ecological compensation ability of ecological green space system by applying RS and GIS technology, based on the principle of balance of carbon and oxygen and by using the green equivalent method. The results show: except Lixia District’s per-capita two-dimensional green biomass does not reach minimal standard(25m2 per person), the other four districts (Licheng, Tianqiao, Huaiyin and Shizhong) reach the underline of green equivalent which meets the needs of the normal life of residents. However, there exist some problems, such as scarcity of green space types and disproportion of ratio between trees and shrubs.