Green Space Development Research Articles

Application and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Low-Carbon Cities—From the Perspective of Urban Planning Content and Process

In the era of digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) technology—one of the swiftest growing emerging technologies—when integrated with urban planning, can introduce innovative approaches for low-carbon city development and foster the attainment of dual carbon objectives: carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions. Current research predominantly investigates the influence and alterations of emerging technologies on urban elements, yet it overlooks a comprehensive examination of the applicable procedures of these technologies and their potential synergy with urban planning. Consequently, this study employs a systematic literature review to delve into the application of AI in sectors such as architecture, transportation, land use, and green space development. It categorizes the specific impact processes into monitoring, identification, simulation, and prediction. By offering an exhaustive analysis of urban planning’s content and methodology, this paper elucidates the role of AI technology in the creation of low-carbon cities. The study found that: (1) Due to the varying degrees of application and integration with professional technologies in different fields, the current research focuses more on architecture, land use, and transportation. (2) Combining the four steps of urban planning, artificial intelligence can be divided into monitoring, recognition, simulation, and prediction types, each with its own characteristics. (3) Overall, AI technology is mainly applied in the identification and simulation of architecture, transportation, and land use. (4) There is still room for improvement in the application of AI technology in waste emissions and other algorithms.

Urban green spaces and public realm design in Cairo: Enhancing quality of life and environmental sustainability

The paper explores the pressing challenges and promising initiatives in enhancing urban green spaces and the public realm in Cairo, a metropolis grappling with rapid population growth and environmental degradation. As the city struggles with density, air pollution, and a shortage of green areas—far below the recommended standard for urban health—the article highlights key efforts to revitalize public spaces. Notable projects include the creation of large parks like Al-Azhar Park, the redevelopment of the Nile riverfront through projects such as Mamsha Ahl Misr, and the introduction of green infrastructure solutions like street trees, green roofs, and sustainable urban drainage systems. Despite these advancements, Cairo faces significant obstacles, including limited public land, budget constraints, and water scarcity. However, there are opportunities to address these challenges through innovative urban agriculture, public-private partnerships, and community participation in green space development. The paper suggests that through continued investment and thoughtful urban design, Cairo can foster a more sustainable, livable environment. By integrating green infrastructure into future development projects, the city holds potential to transform its landscape and improve the quality of life for its residents in the coming decades.

Analysis Of The Role Of Local Governments In Sustainable Development In Urban Areas

This study aims to analyze the role of local governments in the implementation of sustainable development policies in urban areas. Using a qualitative approach through case study methods, data were collected via in-depth interviews with local government officials, focus group discussions with community members, and analysis of policy documents and local development reports. The findings indicate that local governments play a vital role in creating positive impacts on the environment and the quality of life for residents through various implemented programs, such as integrated waste management systems, the development of green open spaces, and sustainable transportation policies. Despite significant progress, this research also identifies challenges faced by local governments, including funding limitations, a lack of community education, and the need for improved inter-agency coordination. To enhance their effectiveness in achieving sustainable development goals, local governments must address these challenges through increased budget allocations, educational campaigns to raise community awareness, and strengthened collaboration among agencies. By taking these steps, local governments can be more effective in realizing sustainable development and ensuring a better quality of life for urban residents. This research provides important insights for policymakers and practitioners in their efforts to create sustainable and responsive urban communities.

Accumulation of heavy metals in the leaves of different tree species and its association with the levels of atmospheric PM2.5-bond heavy metals in Isfahan

This study aimed to biomonitor air pollution by measuring heavy metals (HMs) accumulation levels in the leaves of common urban trees, Cupressus arizonica Greene, Melia azedarach L., Morus alba L. and Buxus colchica in different regions of Isfahan. Their association with the levels of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bond HMs was also investigated. PM2.5 were collected on a glass-fiber filter and measured by gravimetric method. The HM contents of the PM2.5 and tree leaves were extracted and analyzed by ICP-OES. The average PM2.5 concentrations in ambient air of all areas varied from 52.34 to 103.96 μg/m3. The mean HMs levels in the leaves were in the following orderZn(31.2) > Cu(11.04) > Pb(4.38) > Ni(4.01) > Cr(3.03) > Co(0.61) > Cd(0.04) (μg/g). The highest level of HMs was detected in the leaves of Morus alba L., followed by Buxus colchica, Melia azedarach L. and Cupressus arizonica Greene. There was a significant correlation between the amounts of Pb and Cu in tree leaves and those in ambient PM2.5 (p value ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, tree leaves can be used as a suitable bioindicator in the evaluation of air pollution. Morus alba L. compared to the other species can be confidently used for green space development.

Exploring the equitable inclusion of diverse voices in urban green design, planning and policy development: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionDespite the increasingly evidenced positive impacts of green space on human physical and mental health, green spaces remain inequitably distributed across different socioeconomic groups. Urban planning and design should prioritise...

Building sustainable mitigation through adaptive green open space on tanjung mas sub district

Abstract Mitigation is a step to reduce the risk of disasters in a particular area. Tanjung Mas sub-district is an area that has a high potential for land subsidence and tidal flooding because it is located on the North Coast of Java. Temporary evacuation points are urgently needed to protect residents from the dangers of tidal floods and distribute logistics from volunteers. Based on community preferences, the Green Open Space in Tambak Lorok are used as an evacuation point for flood disasters. The green open space, which was initially used for sustainable water absorption, was converted into an evacuation point as a flood disaster mitigation measure. This research aims to measure the suitability of green open space as a temporary evacuation site. The research method used is a Space Syntax approach and qualitative description analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, almost all the requirements for evacuation places by the green open space location. It is easily accessible because it is on the primary residential route, easily accessible by vehicles, and has building structures higher than the road. However, the area of green open space still needs to be increased for the minimum standard capacity per person. Apart from that, the infrastructure to support evacuation, such as electricity, communication equipment, or rubber boats, needs to be improved. The construction of green open space as a temporary evacuation site needs to be adjusted to minimum standards and the needs of the population. It is also hoped that the development of green open space will be the responsibility of not only the government but also cooperation between stakeholders. Green open space isn’t just for environment impacts, but can also increase the community resilience.

Sustainable Urban Development: Evaluating Green Open Space Availability Using Remote Sensing in Tangerang City

Abstract Sustainable urban expansion results in the conversion of natural green areas into developed zones, posing challenges in preserving green spaces that fall short of the mandated minimum of 30% green space availability. This study aims to assess changes in land use and evaluate the status and demand for green spaces in Tangerang City. The methodology employs supervised classification to identify land cover types. The findings reveal notable shifts in land cover types, particularly a significant increase in developed land from 25.96 km2 in 2018 to 126.31 km2 in 2023. This transformation has resulted in a reduction in green open spaces, declining from 68.89 km2 (39%) in 2018 to 40.96 km2 (23%) in 2023, falling below the legal requirement of 30% green space availability. The green open spaces development is then needed since it plays a vital role in sustainable urban development as it provides green areas for its inhabitants, a crucial element in sustainable urban planning.

Patterns and causes of soil heavy metals and carbon stock in green spaces along an urbanization gradient

The surge in urbanization has correspondingly given rise to exacerbated carbon footprint and burgeoning heavy metal (HM) contamination, constituting a critical impediment to the realization of environmentally sustainable urban development pathways. Therefore, it is highly essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization process on soil carbon, heavy metals (HMs), as well as their interrelationships. Employing remote sensing and land use data within a 45 km radius in Chongqing, this study selected 31 sites to assess the variation in urban green spaces (UGSs) carbon sequestration capabilities and associated HM pollution risks across differing urbanization levels. Results showed that urbanization dynamics and land use history play a more decisive role than current anthropogenic management in shaping the distribution of soil carbon and HMs within urban environments. The average soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution of UGSs is 8.47 mg ha−1 (1.50–24.20 mg ha−1), concurrent with moderate HM pollution showing Ni: 32.03–33.50 mg kg−1, Pb: 27.93–29.65 mg kg−1, Cu: 26.97–41.20 mg kg−1, while Cd exhibits the most severe pollution range of 0.23–0.30 mg kg−1. The rate of urbanization significantly influences SOC stocks, exhibiting an increase when the urbanization rate is below 70.79 % and a decrease upon surpassing this threshold. The concentration of HMs is predominantly determined by the historical usage of the land, with a marked escalation correlating with the duration of land utilization history. These relationships were quantitatively modeled through the application of fitted linear functions. The structural equation model demonstrated that UGSs operating without anthropogenic disturbance tend towards degradation, indicating that temporary homeostasis might be sustained via the addition of N and P nutrients and pH modulation. In conclusion, we formulate an Urban Green Spaces Development Hypothesis that aims to shed light on the multifaceted challenges encountered by cities amidst varying degrees of urbanization and, concurrently, to probe potential ameliorative strategies.

Exploring the Coordination of Park Green Spaces and Urban Functional Areas through Multi-Source Data: A Spatial Analysis in Fuzhou, China

The coordinated development of park green spaces (PGS)with urban functional areas (UFA) has a direct impact on the operational efficiency of cities and the quality of life of residents. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the coupling patterns and influencing factors between PGS and UFA is fundamental for efficient collaboration and the creation of high-quality living environments. This study focuses on the street units of Fuzhou’s central urban area, utilizing multi-source data such as land use, points of interest (POI), and OpenStreetMap (OSM) methods, including kernel density analysis, standard deviational ellipse, coupling coordination degree model, and geographical detectors, are employed to systematically analyze the spatial distribution patterns of PGS and UFA, as well as their coupling coordination relationships. The findings reveal that (1) both PGS and various UFA have higher densities in the city center, with a concentric decrease towards the periphery. PGS are primarily concentrated in the city center, exhibiting a monocentric distribution, while UFA display planar, polycentric, or axial distribution patterns. (2) The spatial distribution centers of both PGS and UFA are skewed towards the southwest of the city center, with PGS being relatively evenly distributed and showing minimal deviation from UFA. (3) The dominant type of coupling coordination between PGS and various UFA is “Close to dissonance”, displaying a spatial pattern of “high in the center, low on the east-west and north-south wings”. Socioeconomic factors are the primary driving force influencing the coupling coordination degree, while population and transportation conditions are secondary factors. This research provides a scientific basis for urban planning and assists planners in more precisely coordinating the development of parks, green spaces, and various functional spaces in urban spatial layouts, thereby promoting sustainable urban development.

Economic Implications and Public Readiness for Urban Green Space Development in Agra: A Strategic Evaluation in the City of Taj

Urban green spaces (UGSs) improve the environmental value of the city as well as the quality of life for citizens. Unfortunately, many cities in India are lagging behind the minimum standard of UGS required in the city. For example, Agra city in India, one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world, represents two distinct realities of UGS in the same city. One is the focus of tourism, and the rest is the place of common people with very limited public green spaces, leading to multiple social issues (like spatial polarization, etc.). The secondary data concludes that the PPGC of Agra is lower than the standards, and the ongoing schemes are approached through quantitative methods. Despite having many UGS development schemes, Agra's UGS shows stalled growth. This research examines the policies and programs of UGS development (AMRUT, SCM, etc.) and reviews them to understand the unique gaps and possible regulatory interventions. The study includes an assessment of stakeholders' readiness to accept plausible UGS strategies using an analytical analysis approach. The primary data shows that PPP is the requirement for the integrated development of UGSs. The planners can make policies highlighting citizen's rights and responsibilities to enhance UGSs in Agra.

Linkages among socio-economic status, green space accessibility, and health outcomes: An environmental justice perspective in Australia

Green space accessibility is a crucial environmental justice issue, which is influenced by socio-economic factors and may lead to disparate health outcomes among individuals. While numerous scholars have examined the association between green space accessibility and socio-economic status or health separately, research on the pathways linking these three dimensions remains relatively sparse. Using Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) data from eight Australian capital cities, this study explores the pathways from socio-economic status to green space accessibility and subsequently to diverse health outcomes. The findings indicate the limited green space accessibility in some socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, particularly among ethnic minorities and in larger cities. Additionally, a significant association is observed between increased green space accessibility and reduced chronic diseases in the national capital and major global cities. Regarding spatial proximity, the study suggests that green spaces do not need to be immediately adjacent to residential areas but can be planned within reasonable walking distances to confer significant health benefits. These findings can inform the development of equitable green space planning policies and contribute to improved human health.

Utilizing spontaneous plants for sustainable development in residential green spaces: Insights from environmental drivers and niche analysis in Fuzhou City, China

This study, aimed at exploring low-maintenance, high-diversity, and sustainable greening strategies for residential areas, conducted a comprehensive survey and analysis of spontaneous plants in residential green spaces in Fuzhou City, documenting 361 species. Employing methods such as variance partitioning, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), and ecological niche analysis, we investigated the environmental factors influencing the distribution and composition of these plants, as well as their interrelationships. The study found that the composition of spontaneous plants in residential green spaces differs from other urban environments, with a high proportion of alien species (43.77%) due to influences such as resident activities, including a large number of ornamental and edible plants. Maintenance level, urbanization gradient, and green space ratio are common factors affecting the composition and distribution of spontaneous plants in urban environments, while unique residential socio-economic factors like building age, housing prices, and population density significantly affect the spontaneous plants in residential green spaces. The overall dominant plant community shows a significant positive association, indicating a relatively stable stage of succession. Although competition among most species is not significant and interspecific connectivity is weak, the presence of seven dominant invasive species intensifies competition. Based on these findings, the study proposes several specific sustainable management measures: adopting the concept of New Naturalistic Ecological Planting Design, selecting native spontaneous plants with strong adaptability, and constructing plant communities that are ecologically stable and have ornamental value by mimicking natural ecosystems. Additionally, specific methods for managing specific invasive species in residential green spaces using competitive replacement control methods are proposed. These measures aim to promote the health and sustainable development of urban residential green spaces.

Green Lane Planning for Safety, Beauty, and Reduction of the Diffusion of Air Pollutants to the Environment in the Boyolali Interchange on Semarang-Solo Toll Road

Abstract The high mobility of people requires fast transportation making toll roads as an alternative route to break up congestion and shorten the distance to a place. The availability of toll roads that are passed by many motorized vehicles, causes air pollution. To reduce the impact of air pollution, greenery is needed that can absorb exhaust emissions. In this study, motor vehicle exhaust emissions focus on NO2 gas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the emission of NO2 gas pollutants from motor vehicles, the absorption capacity of NO2 by vegetation, and to plan green lane that can improve the quality of the interchange landscape. The research was conducted at the Boyolali Interchange. The research method used is descriptive-quantitative based on the potential and constraints on the site, as well as analysis of emissions and vegetation that can absorb NO2 gas pollutants. Based on the results of the analysis, the development of green lane space is divided based on the function of vegetation which includes clear zone, cushion planting, aesthetics, identity, conservation, and guides which it supported with trees, and shrubs. The area of land that has the potential to be developed into green lane is 41,956.3 m2. The volume of vehicles is 66,637 per day with the resulting NO2 gas emission of 57.797 g. After planning, the emission that can be absorbed by plants is 48,293.50 g. Planned green lane of the Boyolali Interchange can reduce 83,56% of NO2 gas emissions released by motorized vehicles.

LEGAL CERTAINTY ON BUILDING DISTRIBUTION AND CONFORMITY WITH THE DETAILED SPATING PLAN IN THE WILDLAND OF MENGWI SPECIFICALLY IN THE GREEN OPEN SPACE ZONE AND THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE (ANALYSIS OF LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR BUILDINGS THAT VIOLATE SPATIAL PLANNING)

This study aims to identify and understand in depth the factors that cause development in the green open space zone and agricultural zone in Mengwi District, Badung Regency, as well as analyze the legal certainty for building owners in these zones. The research was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner with legal interpretation and legal communication methods, which systematically prepared legal materials to be presented in the thesis entitled "Legal Certainty Against the Distribution of Buildings and Conformity with Detailed Spatial Plans in the Mengwan District Area (RDTR WP), Especially in the Green Open Space Zone and Agricultural Zone." The results show that social factors such as population growth, inheritance rights distribution system, and low interest of the younger generation in agriculture are the most important factors that affect the development and conversion of green open spaces (RTH) in this area. However, there are challenges in law enforcement such as the effectiveness of long-standing regulations and the lack of public awareness of the importance of preserving green lanes. The government and related agencies need to be more decisive in sanctioning buildings in the area to maintain green areas and agriculture as a mitigation effort in preventing land conversion. This research is expected to be a guideline for the community in using land in accordance with spatial planning, providing input for the government on the legal impact of land use transitions, and providing guidance for all stakeholders related to land use.

Nature-engagement and wellbeing in Brazil: Understanding the dose-effect relationship for designing urban green spaces

Statement of problemIn the face of increasing urbanization, the pursuit of healthy and sustainable cities promoting a high quality of life intertwined with nature is paramount. PurposeThis research endeavors to assess the impact of variations in nature interaction styles on health, with the objective of generating evidence to inform the design of urban green spaces. MethodEthically approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 58149622.3.0000.0077), a survey involving 2136 respondents was conducted. Participants reported their nature engagement frequency, duration, and intensity, alongside mental health assessments using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Welch's ANOVA and Cohen’s d were employed to derive meaningful effect size. ConclusionsThis research provided empirical insights into the relationship between nature interaction and public health, thus offering evidence to inform urban green space design. Practical implicationsThe findings are expected to empower urban planners and policymakers with evidence-based strategies for creating urban green spaces conducive to physical activities, leisure events, and nature-based recreation, promoting public health through appropriately timed and frequented activities. Future directionsFurther research avenues may include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of nature interaction on mental health and the implementation of evidence-based design strategies in urban green space development.

Exploration of green index system from the perspective of urban renewal

In the context of China's urban sustainable development, the green index system can be used to assess and monitor the environmental impact and sustainability of urban renewal projects, provide scientific basis for decision makers, and guide urban renewal to develop in a green, low-carbon and sustainable direction. China has incorporated green development and ecological civilization construction into the "13th Five-Year Plan" outline, and clearly put forward the major task of "comprehensively improving the quality of cities" in the "14th Five-Year Plan" outline, in order to accelerate the transformation of urban development mode and carry out urban renewal action. From a macro point of view, in the process of urban renewal, how to use a better evaluation system to plan the future development of urban green space and combine it with design practice is becoming more and more important. From the micro point of view, how the public environment and architectural space in different cities react, reflect, and even promote the process of urban renewal. In many parts of China, urban renewal based on the small block model is encouraged to be widely adopted, and local environmental improvements promote public health and support the transformation of cities to sustainable models based on theoretical, practical and political dimensions. This paper analyzes the urban renewal measures under different scales of landscape, architecture and community, and illustrates their responses to the green index system in urban renewal through cases. From the perspective of urban renewal, the paper combines macro-planning transformation and micro-renewal to analyze the green ecological goals achieved in the process of urban low-carbon development and ecological restoration.

Application of High-Spatial-Resolution Imagery and Deep Learning Algorithms to Spatial Allocation of Urban Parks’ Supply and Demand in Beijing, China

The development of green spaces in urban parks can significantly enhance the quality of the urban and ecological environment. This paper utilizes 2021 Gaofen-7 (GF-7) satellite remote sensing images as its primary data source and uses deep learning algorithms for the precise extraction of the green space coverage within Beijing’s fifth ring road. It also incorporates the park points of interest (POI) information, road data, and other auxiliary data to extract green park space details. The analysis focuses on examining the relationship between supply and demand in the spatial allocation of green park spaces from an accessibility perspective. The main findings are as follows: (1) The application of deep learning algorithms improves the accuracy of green space extraction by 10.68% compared to conventional machine methods. (2) The distribution of parks and green spaces within the fifth ring road of Beijing is uneven, showing a clear pattern of “more in the north and less in the south”. The accessibility within a five-minute service radius achieves a coverage rate of 46.65%, with a discernible blind zone in the southeast. (3) There is an imbalance in the per capita green space location entropy within the fifth ring road of Beijing, there is a big difference in per capita green space location entropy (44.19), and social fairness needs to be improved. The study’s outcomes unveil the intricate relationship between service capacity and spatial allocation, shedding light on the supply and demand dynamics of parks and green spaces within Beijing’s fifth ring road. This insight will contribute to the construction of ecologically sustainable and aesthetically pleasing living spaces in modern megacities.

Relationship between Urbanization and Parasite Infections in Wildlife in South Africa

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between urbanization and parasite infections in wildlife in South Africa. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Urbanization in South African wildlife alters ecosystems, disrupting behavior and increasing parasite prevalence. Urban areas introduce new environments affecting parasite transmission dynamics, especially vector-borne diseases. Wildlife responses vary; some adapt, reducing parasite exposure, while others face higher loads due to stress and habitat changes. Human-wildlife interactions in urban settings heighten the risk of zoonotic parasite transmission. Conservation efforts should prioritize long-term monitoring and interdisciplinary research to mitigate these impacts on wildlife health. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Island biogeography theory, ecological niche theory & one health concept may be used to anchor future studies on relationship between urbanization and parasite infections in wildlife in South Africa. Regular health checks and parasite screenings for urban wildlife should be established to monitor and manage parasite infections. Policies should be established to address the impacts of urbanization on wildlife health, including regulations on green space development, waste management, and the control of domestic animal interactions with wildlife.

TOWARDS GREEN SMART CITY THROUGH PROVIDING OPEN SPACE FOR CITIES IN INDONESIA: SYSTEMATIC AND BIBLIOMETRIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Smart cities become benchmarks in development cities around the world since the 1990s. In the urban planning context, there are concerns regarding the application of the smart city concept which is considered to only prioritize the progress of cities by technology however no notice to the ecological side of the city. This research discusses the development and arrangement of cities through planning that ensures ecosystem balance, one of which is through open space, which in this case is widely discussed that is green open space. The usual problem that occurs during the development of green open space is not enough land area for available allocation causing an imbalance ecosystem as well as against the sustainability concept. This research method studies literature systematic and bibliometric using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer from discussion theory and policy about green open space that has been planned in various countries for can applied to cities in Indonesia. The analysis explains the discussion regarding green open space in connection to moving towards a green smart application to cities in Indonesia. Eventually, the findings from this research are discussed related to implementation in the cities in Indonesia which are divided into five aspects, namely political land development, community perception, infrastructure, landscape design, and socio-economic psychology. The final recommendation is that this aspect can be studied further to be applied to cities in Indonesia to realize city smart green future.

Study on the Contribution of Informal Green Space to Urban Green Space Accessibility in Qingdao

With the continuous improvement of China’s urbanization, the upgrading of the living environment and consumption demand by residents has stimulated the development of green urban spaces. To truly benefit the green ecology of residents and promote the ecologically sustainable development of the city, the investigation of this study found that only focusing on formal green space is not effective enough, and informal green space with high contact frequency and diversified types of green space are often ignored. This study sets up two scenarios of whether or not the informal green space system is considered in Qingdao city, and obtains accessibility under two scenarios by constructing a transportation network through ArcGIS. The results show that the accessibility distribution of urban green space is more uniform when informal green space is considered when compared with no consideration for informal green space, which reveals and emphasizes the contribution of informal green space in improving the accessibility of urban green space.