Green Retrofit Research Articles

Sustainability assessment with the green retrofitting concept for building: A study case in the Gresik regency, Indonesia

In green construction, sustainable resources are essential. One such material is copper, which is widely utilized in electronics, transportation, manufacturing, and residential buildings. As a very useful material, it has many beneficial impacts on human life. Observed from the recent demand spike is in line with the overall trend and the current growing smelter construction in Indonesia. Researchers intend to adapt the existing Copper Smelting Plant Building into an environmentally friendly building as a part of the production chain, in addition to reducing public and environmental concerns about the consequences of this development. We have identified a disparity in cost, where the high cost of green buildings is an obstacle to its implementation to enhance the cost performance with increased renewable energy of the Smelter Construction Building, this study investigates the application of LEED parameters to evaluate green retrofit approaches through system dynamics. The most relevant features of the participant assessments were identified using the SEM-PLS approach, which is used to build and test statistical models of causal models. We have results for this Green Retrofitting study following significant variables according to the following guidelines: innovation, low-emission materials, renewable energy, daylighting, reducing indoor water usage, rainwater management, and access to quality transit.

Retrofit of green architecture through adaptive reuse of heritage buildings in sustainable tourism management

ABSTRACT The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings as tourist attractions is a growing trend. From an architectural point of view, this concept can be optimized with green architectural retrofit strategies, which help minimize construction waste and encourage environmental conservation. The challenge lies in technically implementing green architectural strategies to transform cultural heritage buildings to ensure safe and comfortable use as tourist destinations. This research uses method in-depth observations of several case studies to identify the subject’s strengths and weaknesses through SWOT analysis. The findings from this analysis are used to develop strategies for managing cultural heritage buildings through green retrofit architecture. The research results provide detailed insights into the effectiveness of management practices based on previous research, addressing issues such as limited awareness and capacity, challenges in interpreting and managing cultural heritage, data management, costs, and inadequate knowledge. Research recommends applying green retrofit techniques such as energy efficiency, water and waste management, landscaping, building material, and indoor air quality to cultural heritage buildings. This approach aims to optimize and increase energy efficiency by revitalizing buildings through landscape designs that consider environmental conservation and climate change.

The Application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis Method for Green Retrofitting of Mosque Building to Improve Investment Performance

The Application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis Method for Green Retrofitting of Mosque Building to Improve Investment Performance

Blockchain-BIM: reducing cost in green retrofitting for sustainable construction development

During the implementation process, the construction sector significantly affects the environment, leading to environmental pollution and the overconsumption of natural resources. This jeopardizes the sustainability of a healthy living environment, requiring a solid system to control development. A sustainable and environmentally friendly development system is crucial from architectural, construction, and economic perspectives. However, when applying the concept of Green Building to existing buildings, the cost of green retrofits has increased by about 10.77%. A case study was carried out on the existing BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) building to provide alternative solutions to reduce these green retrofitting costs, making sustainable construction the primary option in developing the construction sector. One way to address this cost increase is using the Blockchain-Building Information Modeling (BIM) application, an alternative method to determine the most economical cost based on input or a given model. BIM models contain non-geometric information, including materials for building components, quantities, prices, procedures, scales, and sizes. This allows for real-time data exchange and collaborative decision-making between stakeholders, improving visualization and modeling and lowering costs due to better construction outcomes and higher productivity probability. The implementation of Blockchain-BIM is expected to result in green retrofit cost savings of at least 3% on each green level according to the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) of the Republic of Indonesia Technical Guidelines No. 01/SE/M/2022, namely Primary, Intermediate, and Main.

Green Skepticism? How Do Chinese College Students Feel about Green Retrofitting of College Sports Stadiums?

This paper examined the factors influencing Chinese college students’ psychological perceptions of green retrofitting of college sports stadiums. It focused on the roles of green skepticism, future rational cognition, and future perceptual cognition. A total of 551 college students from five universities in Xi’an were tested. The results indicated that college students’ green skepticism, future rational cognition, future perceptual cognition, and psychological perceptions of green retrofitting of college sports stadiums were at a moderate level and that green skepticism had a significant and negative influence on college students’ psychological perceptions of green retrofitting of college sports stadiums. Green skepticism was a significant negative predictor of environmental values (β = −0.183, p < 0.001), natural empathy (β = −0.164, p < 0.001), and moral elevation (β = −0.187, p < 0.001). In addition, future rational cognition and future perceptual cognition served as parallel mediators in the college students’ psychological perceptions of green retrofitting of stadiums. It is notable that the mediating effect of future rational cognition was greater than that of future perceptual cognition. The findings indicate that resolving green skepticism and enhancing transparency and trust are crucial for enhancing college students’ psychological perceptions and the behavioral benefits of green retrofitting of college sports stadiums. Furthermore, the facilitating effect of future rational cognition and future perceptual cognition assists college students in making more rational and ethical decisions and in garnering broad support for environmental actions.

What are the Policy Drivers to Undertake Green Retrofitting Investments? The Role of Tax Incentives and Communication in Italian Households’ Decision-Making

What are the Policy Drivers to Undertake Green Retrofitting Investments? The Role of Tax Incentives and Communication in Italian Households’ Decision-Making

Awareness and Implementation Challenges of the Green Retrofitting in Building Enclosure in the Nigerian Construction Industry

This research work aims at examining awareness and implementation challenges of green retrofitting in building enclosures among professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. The study identifies the varying green retrofitting used in building enclosures and investigates its level of awareness and the factors affecting its adoption among professionals in the Nigerian construction industry. The sample was 100 comprising professionals in the construction industry selected randomly using cluster and purposive sampling techniques; and the response was 60%. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean and rank. The findings from the study revealed that out of the 20 green retrofitting used in building enclosures, the construction professionals are more aware of green roofs, high-quality glazing, reflective roofs, energy-efficient windows and doors, and shading device which include louvers. Also, top among the implementation challenges of green retrofitting used in building enclosure among construction professionals include limited knowledge, cost of fixing green retrofitting, skills gap, reluctance to adapt, and poor infrastructure are the major factors. The study recommend that government and professional bodies should sponsor innovative training approaches aimed at addressing skill shortages. This could be in form of schemes such as micro credentials and on-the-job training.

Modeling heterogeneous and adaptive homeowners’ decision-making for green retrofit

Green retrofitting (GR) of existing residential buildings is widely acknowledged as a potential solution for addressing climate and energy challenges. However, the realization of GR potential depends on homeowners’ decision-making, as they play a pivotal role in initiating GR and are the primary users of retrofitted homes. Previous studies have explored homeowners’ GR decisions from various perspectives. The majority of these studies may have encountered limitations, such as the use of static analysis methods, homogeneity assumptions, and oversimplified decision processes. These limitations can potentially hinder a comprehensive understanding of homeowners’ GR adoption, indicating the need for further research. To address this research gap, this study develops a decision-making model for homeowners that incorporates multiple dimensions: heterogeneity (e.g., individual attributes and GR motivations), a multi-stage decision process (needs-utility-willingness-adoption), and dynamic adaptability (both at individual and overall networks). The proposed model is empirically validated through Python simulations based on a case study in China. The findings of this study reveal the critical roles of GR needs, perceived (actual) utility, and perceived behavioral control in homeowners’ adoption of GR. Moreover, this study highlights the significance of coordinating homeowners’ overall perceived utility with the specific sub-utility associated with their motivations. Furthermore, empirical evidence underscores the influence of social factors on GR adoption and emphasizes the existence of gaps across different stages of the decision-making process. Drawing from these research findings, policy implications are proposed for promoting housing GR. This research contributes to the advancement of decision models for building GR and provides valuable insights for policymakers to promote housing GR.

Analysis of critical factors affecting green office retrofits based on the latest green building regulations in Indonesia

The construction industry is responsible for over 40% of global energy consumption and one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Generally, 10%–20% of energy is consumed in the manufacturing and transportation stages of materials, construction, maintenance, and demolition. The way the construction industry to deal with these impacts is to intensify sustainable development through green building. The author uses the latest Green Building Certification Standard in Indonesia as the Green Building Guidelines under the Ministry of Public Works and People’s Housing (PUPR) Regulation No. 01/SE/M/2022, as a basis for evaluating existing office buildings or what is often referred to as green retrofit. Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) is used by the authors to detail the factors influencing the application of green building by analyzing several variables related to the problem studied, which are used to build and test statistical models of causal models. From this study, it is concluded that the most influential factors in the implementation of green retrofitting on office buildings are energy savings, water efficiency, renewable energy use, the presence of green building socialization programs, cost planning, design planning, project feasibility studies, material cost, use of the latest technology applications, and price fluctuations. With the results of this research, there is expected to be shared awareness and concern about implementing green buildings and green offices as an initiative to present a more energy-efficient office environment, save operating costs, and provide comfort to customers.

Green retrofitting of heritage buildings based on (3Ts) framework: An applied case study

Diverse heritage architecture characterizes Port Said in Egypt, reflecting European and Arab influences. Suez Canal heritage villas comprise 25% of the total listed heritage buildings in the city. Thus, it is important to retrofit them, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By reviewing the previous literature related to the green retrofitting of heritage buildings, the (3Ts) framework can be considered a holistic framework that covers the latest trends due to its three components: targets, tools, and tasks, which help the success of the process through a holistic vision of supporting building information modeling (BIM) technologies and organizing stakeholders' involvement. This paper aims to apply the (3Ts) framework to Suez Canal heritage villas in Port Said, Egypt. The applied study is based on how stakeholders perceive their input and decision-making, measuring the climate parameters, proposing several green retrofits, and integrating them into green scenarios. Evaluation of scenarios is conducted by utilizing the Design Builder simulation software. Additionally, the Skelion plugin calculates the photovoltaic system's (PVs) energy generation. The results indicated that the total energy savings could reach approximately 12%–74% and nearly 10%–73% CO₂ emissions reduction without affecting heritage values.

Analysis of The Application of Life Cycle Cost Method of Green Retrofit of Mosque Building Based on GBCI and EDGE Benchmarks to Improve Investment Performancej

Analysis of The Application of Life Cycle Cost Method of Green Retrofit of Mosque Building Based on GBCI and EDGE Benchmarks to Improve Investment Performancej

Increasing the cost accuracy of implementing green retrofitting in high-rise office buildings

Increasing the cost accuracy of implementing green retrofitting in high-rise office buildings

Mechanical Analysis of Adding External Elevators by The Different Placement to The Existing Buildings

Elevators are vital for accessibility in buildings, where they serve as lifelines for individuals with disabilities and contribute to the overall enhancement of modern living standards. Despite their significance, the absence of elevator infrastructure in older buildings presents formidable challenges, limiting accessibility and hindering the full utilization of these structures. Furthermore, in today's environmentally conscious society, green retrofitting initiatives are paramount for reducing energy consumption and emissions, particularly in the realm of residential buildings. Retrofitting existing structures with elevators has become increasingly imperative, given the continued use of numerous buildings over the past decades. As a response to these challenges, external elevator integration has emerged as a critical research area, addressing both accessibility issues and the imperative for green retrofitting in existing buildings. External elevator integration is a critical research area addressing accessibility and green retrofitting, and seismic design measures are necessary to mitigate earthquake risks. This research specifically focuses on assessing the seismic effects of the external elevator into the specific existing RC structure at Kyungpook National University using RSA (Response Spectrum Analysis). The findings of this research are anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for external elevator design in existing buildings and provide assistance in the reconstruction and retrofitting of aging structures, ultimately contributing to the safety and resilience of urban infrastructure.

Intelligent green retrofitting of existing buildings based on case-based reasoning and random forest

The decision-making on green retrofitting of existing buildings relies on both explicit and implicit knowledge, and its efficiency and reliability need improvement. Intelligent approaches that can sufficiently utilize the text information of existing projects are required to provide more suitable strategies for green retrofitting. This paper describes a decision-making approach combining Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Random Forest (RF), which can identify similar cases from the database containing 109 green retrofit projects and revise outdated measures. A practical project case study shows that the revised retrofit measures can reduce Energy Use Intensity (EUI) by 37%. The proposed approach optimizes and standardizes CBR processes and provides guidance for coping with semi-structured green retrofit decision-making problems, thereby promoting sustainable development and intelligent management in the construction field. The system prototype will be developed and promoted after the case database is expanded.

Cost Efficiency of Retrofitting Green Chemical Industrial Buildings

Climate change is a threat and crisis that hit the world today. The green industry is widely implemented in the manufacturing sector as an effort to reduce negative impacts on the environment. The implementation of the green industry is influenced by various factors. The Chemical Industry is one sector that faces challenges in implementing green industry practices. The objective of this paper is to create an innovative conceptual framework that combines blockchain technology and building information modeling. This research examines the concept of green retrofitting in the chemical industry using an assessment based on the Ministry of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 21 of 2021. The study was conducted in a chemical industry located in Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia. The research method combines Blockchain-Building Information Modeling (BIM) to analyze the cost efficiency of green retrofitting and Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) as a tool to process data from questionnaires and identify influential factors. The results indicate that the use of Blockchain-BIM can reduce retrofitting costs by 4.42% for low-level, 4.45% for medium-level, and 4.40% for high-level categories. This demonstrates that Blockchain-BIM has a significant impact on improving cost performance in the retrofitting process. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-04 Full Text: PDF

Development of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in High-Rise Office Buildings using Green Retrofitting based on GBCI and Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 21 of 2021 to Improve the Quality of Resource Planning

Development of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in High-Rise Office Buildings using Green Retrofitting based on GBCI and Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 21 of 2021 to Improve the Quality of Resource Planning

How to prevent “greenwash” in green retrofit process under PPP model: an evolutionary game theory-based analysis

ABSTRACT In the Public-Private Partnership for Existing Building Green Retrofitting (PPP-EBGR) model, collaboration between the government and social capital facilitates the completion of retrofitting projects by reducing the financial burden on the government, making it widely utilized in the field of green building. However, behaviours such as ‘greenwashing’ among businesses through rent-seeking and loose government regulation can compromise the quality of PPP-EBGR projects. We establish a tripartite evolutionary game model to investigate and analyse the decision-making behaviours of developers in complying with qualified standards, testing agencies engaging in rent-seeking with developers, and the government enforcing strict supervision. The study derives a systemic equilibrium and utilizes simulation to validate the findings. The results indicate that project revenue incentivizes developers to enhance compliance. An increase in rent-seeking costs is conducive to reducing the intentions of agencies to engage in rent-seeking. Moreover, a greater number of rewards and penalties from the government promote developer compliance and discourage agency rent-seeking. Dynamic mechanisms prove more effective in achieving an ideal equilibrium in the system. Interestingly, we find that dynamic mechanisms, with fewer rewards and penalties imposed, still yield superior results compared to static mechanisms.

Green Retrofitting of Building using BIM-based Sustainability Optimization

The construction industry consumes around 55 percent of Pakistan’s annual energy and is the country’s most energy-intensive sector. It is, therefore, significant to devise a novel and effective model of green retrofitting of current buildings based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) which aims to reduce building energy consumption to effectively meet diversified climatic concerns and to promote sustainable structures. This research aims to reform the existing building by modifying the design parameters for an inefficient building envelope based on BIM simulation and data optimization results to optimize the overall energy consumption. BIM tools, such as Autodesk Revit and DesignBuilder have been used for the evaluation of the optimized energy-efficient design by comparing different design alternatives. After a detailed analysis, this research has concluded that the existing building is consuming a high amount of annual energy. With the help of BIM tools, which possess advanced algorithms for an effective optimization process, a list of ‘green’ solutions i.e., optimal designs has been generated, out of which the optimal and cost-effective design saved 46% of energy in total. In this study, the design variables selection has been fulfilled according to the local environmental sustainability.

Towards an Amalgamated Framework for the Green Retrofitting Process of Healthcare Facilities

Towards an Amalgamated Framework for the Green Retrofitting Process of Healthcare Facilities

Optimizing Time Performance in implementing Green Retrofitting on High-Rise Residential by using System Dynamics and M-PERT

Climate change is a threat and crisis that is engulfing the world today; therefore, the target of Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060 should be an obligation for all countries. The greenhouse effect, global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, forest destruction, uncontrolled use of CFCs, and industrial exhaust are factors that cause climate change. The consequences of climate change are dire, resulting in drought, water scarcity, land fires, rising sea levels, flash floods, melting polar ice caps, storms, and a decline in biodiversity. Green buildings (GB) are important in saving energy, water, and other resources by meeting technical construction standards and applying green building principles according to their function and classification at each stage of their implementation. Buildings with measurable performance. Expected to reduce carbon or greenhouse gas emissions. The latest Technical Guidelines for Green Building Performance Assessment Standards were developed through regulations from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) No.1 of 2022. The way to improve and find a solution to achieve a Green Building according to these regulations is by applying solar modules as an alternative energy source in the building under study, providing significant added value to the assessment process. This research aims to analyze whether the renewable energy source factor is an influencing factor in the application of the Ministry of PUPR Green Building in High-Rise Residential. This research framework is at least initiated from matters where M-PERT, which is an innovation and the latest method of continuation of the PERT method, is proven to be able to provide an accuracy of planning execution time of 99% or with an error rate of 1%. From the research results with the application of M-PERT, it is proven that it can provide an accuracy of implementation time of 98.93% in the Primary Rating, while in the Intermediate Rating, it can provide an accuracy of implementation time of 99.92% and 98.88% accuracy of implementation time for the Main Rating category. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-07 Full Text: PDF