Green Radical Research Articles

Radical incrementalism: hydropolitics and environmental discourses in Laos

ABSTRACT The Nam Theun 2 dam is an influential case of applying safeguards to mitigate social and environmental impacts from hydropower, being used as a model for large dams globally. However, these safeguards have produced mixed results. We examine the role of safeguards in hydropower, and how stakeholders have discussed its use. Based on a literature review and stakeholder interviews, we conduct a discourse analysis of narratives used to frame hydropower. We find four discourses being used for different purposes: Green Neoliberalism to legitimize, Ecological Modernization to operationalize, Green Radicalism to criticize, and Radical Incrementalism to repurpose hydropower. Whereas green radicalism in high-income countries challenges over-consumption, we find that green radicalism in low-income countries highlights environmental justice and shortcomings of conventional development models. We argue for a broader understanding of discourses to include Radical Incrementalism as one strategy for change of careful and considered actions over time.

Halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer (3DPAFIPN) as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) used in gram-scale photosynthesis 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives via a consecutive visible-light-induced electron-transfer pathway.

Background: Organic dyes often have shorter lifetimes in the excited state, which is a major obstacle to the development of effective photoredox methods. The scientific community has shown a great deal of interest in a certain class of organic chromophores because of their unique characteristics and effectiveness. One characteristic of the molecules under research is thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which is only observed in molecules with a tiny energy gap (often less than 0.2eV) between their lowest two excited states, i.e., singlet excited state (S1) and triplet excited state (T1). The extended singlet excited states arising from TADF and the simplicity with which their redox potentials may be altered make the isophthalonitrile family of chromophores an attractive option for organic photocatalyst applications. Methods: The Biginelli reaction between β-ketoesters, arylaldehydes, and urea/thiourea has been used to build a sustainable technique for the production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives. In the present study, the development of a green radical synthesis approach for this class of compounds is addressed in depth. As a photocatalyst, a new halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer was employed in this study. As a renewable energy source activated by a blue LED, it was dissolved in ethanol, at room temperature in air atmosphere. The primary objective of this research is to employ a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) based on halogenated cyanoarene that is affordable, easily available, and innovative. Findings: The 3DPAFIPN [2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile] photocatalyst, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), induces single-electron transfer (SET) in response to visible light, offering a straightforward, eco-friendly, and highly efficient process. Additionally, we determined the 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives turnover frequency (TOF) and turnover number (TON). It has also been demonstrated that gram-scale cyclization is a workable method for industrial purposes.

Gram-scale photosynthesis of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles using 3DPAFIPN as a halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer via a consecutive visible-light-induced electron transfer process.

Typically, organic dyes show lower excited state lifetimes, a key hindrance in the development of efficient photoredox processes. Due to their distinctive qualities and efficiency, a particular class of organic chromophores has drawn considerable interest from the scientific community. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), is only seen in molecules with a minimal energy gap (usually less than 0.2eV) between their lowest two excited states, i.e., singlet excited state (S1) and triplet excited state (T1), is a distinctive property of the molecules under study. Isophthalonitriles are a promising family of chromophores for use as organic photocatalysts because of the ease with which their redox potentials may be adjusted and the prolonged singlet excited states resulting from TADF. A sustainable process for the photosynthesis of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles has been developed using the Michael-Mannich cyclocondensation of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and formaldehyde. The development of a green radical synthesis strategy for this family of chemicals is discussed in detail in the current work. This work used a novel halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer was used as a photocatalyst. It was dissolved in ethanol, exposed to air at ambient temperature, and triggered by a blue light-emitting diode as a renewable energy source. This project's main goal is to use a novel conveniently accessible, reasonably priced donor-acceptor (D-A) based on halogenated cyanoarene. When exposed to visible light, the 3DPAFIPN [2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile] photocatalyst, which is a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), can induce single-electron transfer (SET), providing a simple and green method that is highly effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. Also, we calculated the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) for polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles. Gram-scale cyclization has also been shown to be a practical technique for use in industrial applications.

The relationship between green supply chain and green innovation based on the push of green strategic alliances

AbstractThis article aims to examine the influence of green strategic alliances (GSA) on both green radical and incremental innovation through the effects of green supply chain integration (GSCI). A theoretical model was proposed and evaluated using structural equation modeling. A 37‐item questionnaire was created to assess the proposed relationships, and a total of 303 valid responses were obtained from a sample of industrial and service companies in China. The findings indicate that GSA have a positive impact on GSCI, and thus, on both green radical and green incremental innovation. This study also explores the role of strategic alliances in corporate green innovation, and how members of alliances can benefit from superior green innovation through shared value creation. The authors innovatively adopt the frameworks of value creation and stakeholder theory to explain how supply chain (knowledge, technology, and processes) can aid firms in achieving green radical and incremental innovation.

3DPAFIPN as a halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer catalyzed gram-scale photosynthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds

Utilizing the Knoevenagel–Michael tandem cyclocondensation reaction of barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile, and aryl aldehydes, a sustainable methodology for the photosynthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds has been devised. The present study expounds on the development of a green radical synthetic approach toward this class of compounds. In this study, a novel halogenated dicyanobenzene-based photosensitizer was utilized in an aqueous solution, exposed to air at room temperature, and activated by a blue LED as a renewable energy source for the purpose of generating energy. The primary aim of this endeavor is to employ a recently developed, easily obtainable, and affordably priced halogenated cyanoarene-based donor–acceptor (D–A). The 3DPAFIPN [2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile]} photocatalyst, as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), is capable of inducing single electron transfer (SET) upon irradiation with visible light, thereby offering a facile and efficient approach with a high degree of effectiveness, energy efficiency, and eco-friendliness. The aforementioned phenomenon facilitates the exploration of the temporal changes that have occurred in the interactions between the surroundings and chemical constituents. The present study aimed to investigate the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) for pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that gram-scale cyclization is a viable method for utilization in industrial applications.

Recyclable photocatalyst perovskite as a single-electron redox mediator for visible-light-driven photocatalysis gram-scale synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones in air atmosphere

Based on the Biginelli reaction of β-ketoesters, arylaldehydes, and urea/thiourea, we created a green radical synthesis procedure for 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones. A single-electron redox mediator was applied to a solution of ethanol in an air environment, at room temperature, and with blue LEDs as a renewable energy source in order to create. The objective of this research is to create a halide perovskite that is widely available, affordable, recyclable, and economically feasible. A factor mentioned in the discussion is that the procedure tolerates a variety of donating and withdrawing functional groups while still offering a very fast rate and excellent yields. The range of yields is quite uniform (86–94%, average: 90.4%), and the range of reaction times is very quick (4–8 min, average: 5.8 min). Furthermore, gram-scale cyclization shows that it is applicable for use in industry. Additionally, CsPbBr3 is quite stable and can be used six times in a row without experiencing significant structural changes or activity loss, which has been extremely helpful in meeting industrial needs and environmental issues.

The Role of Multistakeholder Platforms in Environmental Governance: Analyzing Stakeholder Perceptions in Kalomo District, Zambia, Using Q-Method

Multistakeholder platforms (MSPs) are increasingly applied in environmental governance as institutions to collectively negotiate challenges, opportunities, and policy options in contested landscapes. However, their contributions and effectiveness depend on how stakeholders perceive and frame the role of MSPs in addressing social and environmental challenges. Despite this dependence, stakeholder perceptions of MSPs are currently under-researched. Hence this empirical study carried out in Zambia’s Kalomo District asks: how do stakeholder groups perceive the role of MSPs in addressing landscape challenges, given the context of the dual land tenure system, and what does this imply for the implementation of integrated landscape approaches? This study uses Q-methodology to analyze the perceptions of purposefully selected stakeholders from state institutions, civil society organizations, land users, and others familiar with existing MSPs at the district and village levels. The findings reveal three narratives. The first one presents MSPs as institutions that foster dialogue. The second narrative foregrounds the role of the government and private sector, despite acknowledging the diversity of stakeholders in MSPs. In this narrative, MSPs should focus on supporting market-driven solutions to resolve landscape challenges. The third narrative recognizes power imbalances and considers MSPs as institutions to identify policy gaps and needs. The first two narratives are positioned in Dryzek’s discourse classification as environmental problem-solving, while the third inclines toward green radicalism. Despite this divergence, there was consensus that MSPs have the potential to harmonize policies in a dual governance system and encourage dialogue between stakeholders to reconcile landscape challenges.

Carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) as a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore catalyzed gram-scale 2-amino-4H-chromene scaffolds photosynthesis via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process

BackgroundAccording to the study, fluorophore organic dye photo-redox catalysts are also easily accessible and reasonably priced. This method is used to research a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) organo-photocatalyst. Due to the unique photophysical and photochemical characteristics of 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN), it was the main subject of our study. A novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore; 4CzIPN, combines carbazolyl as an electron donor and dicyanobenzene as an electron acceptor and is a widely sought-after metal-free photocatalyst because of its large redox window, economic and environmental sustainability, broad applicability, and well-proven electrical properties. MethodsBased on the Knoevenagel-Michael tandem cyclocondensation of malononitrile, aldehydes, and resorcinol, we created a green radical synthesis procedure for 2-amino-4H-chromene scaffolds. A PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) photocatalyst was employed in an aqueous medium in an air environment, at room temperature, and underneath a blue LED as a renewable energy source. FindingsThis research aims to use a donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore that is novel, widely available, and reasonably priced. The quick and straightforward photocatalyst (4CzIPN) based on carbazoles yields superior results, consumes minimal energy, and protects the environment. This makes it possible to research the environmental system's chemical composition's historical evolution. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 2-amino-4H-chromene scaffolds were investigated. Gram-scale cyclization provides more evidence of its viability for commercial application.

Carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) for novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore-catalyzed visible-light-induced photosynthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process.

Based on the Biginelli reaction of β-ketoesters, arylaldehydes, and urea/thiourea, we created a green radical synthesis procedure for 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones. A PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) photocatalyst was used in an ethanol solution in an air environment and at room temperature and visible light to provide a renewable energy source. In this study, we seek to create a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore that is affordable and widely available. The carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN), in addition to its time-saving capabilities and simplicity of use, exhibits excellent yields, is energy-efficient, and is ecologically friendly. This makes it possible to track the evolution of environmental and chemical factors throughout time. To determine the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones, a study was done. Gram-scale cyclization demonstrates that it may be used in industry effectively.

Enhancing green radical product innovation through sustainable entrepreneurship orientation and sustainable market orientation for sustainable performance: managerial implications from sports goods manufacturing enterprises of China

In the scenario of grappling the ecological threats and challenges, when the organizations have entrepreneurial and market orientations, they will make the organizations innovate their product offering in accordance with sustainability principles, whereas it will also assist them in excelling towards achieving a higher level of sustainable performance. Hence, the current study explores the role of sustainable entrepreneurial and market orientations in improving innovation and sustainability, in the context of Sports manufacturing organizations belonging to China. Through the survey methodology, the current study analyzed the data from 318 professionals from Chinese sports manufacturing companies, upon which ‘Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling’ is applied for hypotheses testing. The analysis results in a positive association of ‘Sustainable Entrepreneurship Orientation’ and ‘Sustainable Market Orientation’ with ‘Green Radical Product Innovation’ and all of the three elements of Sustainable Performance. In addition, ‘Green Radical Product Innovation’ is also reported to increase all three elements of Sustainable Performance. Based on the findings, the sports manufacturing organizations are recommended to re-visit their organizational strategies by incorporating the elements of sustainability in their objectives.

The impact of big data analytics capabilities on green supply chain performance: is green supply chain innovation the missing link?

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to examine the impact of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) on green radical supply chain innovation (GRSCI), green incremental supply chain innovation (GISCI), and green supply chain performance (GSCP) in the context of a developing country, Jordan. In addition, the mediating effect of GRSCI and GISCI on the relationship between BDAC and GSCP is tested.Design/methodology/approachData collection is carried out through a survey with 303 respondents from manufacturing firms located in Jordan. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling approach is applied to analyse the collected data. Resource-based view and natural resource-based view theory form the adopted theoretical lens for this study.FindingsThe results reveal that BDAC positively and significantly affects GRSCI, GISCI, and GSCP. In addition, the results demonstrate that GRSCI and GISCI positively and significantly affect GSCP. Further, it is also found that GRSCI and GISCI positively and significantly mediate the relationship between BDAC and GSCP.Originality/valueThis study's author develops a theoretical and empirical model to investigate the relationship among BDAC, GRSCI, GISCI, and GSCP. This study offers new theoretical and managerial contributions that add value to the supply chain management literature by testing the mediation model in manufacturing firms located in Jordan.

Synthesis of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles catalyzed by 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a novel donor-acceptor fluorophore

We developed a green radical synthesis method for polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles based on the Michael–Mannich cyclocondensation of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and formaldehyde. To generate a renewable energy sources from visible light, a PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) photocatalyst was used in an ethanol solution in an air environment and at room temperature. In this study, we aim to develop an inexpensive and easily accessible novel donor–acceptor (D–A) fluorophore. Besides its speed-saving features and ease of use, the carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) also shows high yields, energy-efficient, and is environmentally friendly. In this way, it is possible to monitor changes in chemical and environmental variables over time. The variety of yields is pretty uniform (84–97%, average 92.3%), and the kind of response times be very speedy (15–25 min, average 17.6 min), and the element noted within the dialogue is that the system tolerates a variety of donating and withdrawing functional groups, at the same time as nevertheless giving very fast rate and tremendous yields. A study of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles was conducted to calculate the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF). Gram-scale cyclization proves that it can be applied to industry in a practical manner.

Can big data analytics capabilities promote a competitive advantage? Green radical innovation, green incremental innovation and data-driven culture in a moderated mediation model

PurposeThis study explores the connection between big data analytics capabilities and the competitive advantage of the manufacturing sector in Jordan through the mediating role of green radical innovation and green incremental innovation as well as the moderating role of a data-driven culture.Design/methodology/approachFor the purpose of this study, 356 questionnaires were analysed. Convergent validity and discriminant validity tests were performed through structural equation modelling in the Smart-PLS programme, and the data reliability was confirmed. A bootstrapping technique was used to analyse the data. The mediating effect for green radical and green incremental innovation and the moderating effect for data-driven culture were performed.FindingsThe empirical results showed that the proposed moderated-mediation model was accepted because the relationships between the constructs were statistically significant. The results of the data analysis supported a positive relationship between big data analytics capabilities and the competitive advantage as well as a mediating effect of green radical innovation and green incremental innovation. It was confirmed that there is a moderating relationship for data-driven culture between green radical innovation, green incremental innovation and competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThis cross-sectional study provides a snapshot at a given moment in time, a methodological limitation that affects the generalization of its results, and the results are limited to one country.Originality/valueThis research developed a theoretical model to incorporate big data analytics capabilities, green radical innovation, green incremental innovation, data-driven culture, and competitive advantage. This study provides new findings that bridge the existing research gap in the literature by testing the moderated mediation model with a focus on the organizational benefits of big data analytics capabilities to improve levels of green innovation and competitive advantage in the Jordanian manufacturing sector.

Artificial intelligence empowerment: The impact of research and development investment on green radical innovation in high‐tech enterprises

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become an important driving force leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation worldwide. AI empowers green radical innovation (GRI), a vital strategic orientation for high‐tech enterprises. To explore the relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and GRI and identify the contingency factors that affect the relationship, this paper proposes a framework and conducts a survey to test it. The findings indicate that R&D investment and GRI have an inverted U‐shaped relationship, that organizational learning meditates the relationship and that management process innovation and organization structure innovation moderate the relationship positively and negatively, respectively. The findings clarify the intermediate mechanism of the transformation from R&D investment to GRI. They will help high‐tech enterprises improve their innovation ability and achieve technological leapfrogging and sustainable development in the context of AI and the green economy.

How does China's green credit policy affect the green innovation of high polluting enterprises? The perspective of radical and incremental innovations

In this paper, we explore the effects of China's green credit policy on highly polluting enterprises' green radical and incremental innovations. Utilizing the data of China's listed firms from 2007 to 2019, the empirical results show that green credit policy improves the overall and incremental green innovations but impedes the radical green innovation of highly polluting enterprises. Local governments' interventions, including direct intervention and environmental investment, not only mitigate the negative impact of the policy on radical innovation but also facilitate the positive effects. Our findings provide suggestions for the implementation of China's green credit policy.

Of Green Tonalities and Radical Transcendence

This commentary discusses DIS/UNITY, a series of sound-based performances created by the collective Propelled Animals, in conjunction with Laura Garbes’s critical reflections on Indigenous radio broadcasts as radical resistance to settler colonialism, as well as the author’s experiences with the sonic impact on a community environment destroyed through a failure of Black political leadership.

Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of peracetic acid and the coexistent hydrogen peroxide via oxidative coloration of ABTS with the assistance of Fe2+ and KI

In this study, a multi-wavelength spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of peracetic acid (PAA) and coexistent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was presented. This method was based on the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) with the assistance of Fe2+/KI to produce a stable green radical (ABTS●+), which could be determined at four characteristic peaks (i.e., 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm, and 820 nm). The absorbances of ABTS●+ at four peaks were well linear (R2 > 0.999) with concentrations of both total peroxides (PAA + H2O2) and PAA in the range of 0–40 μM under optimized conditions. The sensitivities for determining total peroxides at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were determined to be 4.248 × 104 M−1 cm−1, 1.682 × 104 M−1 cm−1, 2.132 × 104 M−1 cm−1, and 1.928 × 104 M−1 cm−1, respectively. For determining PAA, the corresponding sensitivities were 4.622 × 104 M−1 cm−1, 1.895 × 104 M−1 cm−1, 2.394 × 104 M−1 cm−1 and 2.153 × 104 M−1 cm−1, respectively. The concentration of coexistent H2O2 was gained by deducting PAA concentration from total peroxides concentration. The ABTS method was accurate enough to determine PAA concentration in natural water samples. Moreover, the ABTS method was successfully used to determine the changes of PAA and coexistent H2O2 and to distinguish their role on naproxen degradation in heat-activated PAA process. Overall, the ABTS method could be used as an alternative method for the convenient, rapid and sensitive determination of PAA and the coexistent H2O2 in water samples.

The missing links of sustainable supply chain management and green radical product innovation between sustainable entrepreneurship orientation and sustainability performance

PurposeAnchored on the natural resource-based view and stakeholder theories, this study aims to investigate the mediating roles of sustainable supply chain management and green radical product innovation (GRPI) in the link between sustainable entrepreneurial orientation (SEO) and sustainability performance.Design/methodology/approachThe comprehensive research model developed in this study is empirically tested by using data garnered from 248 managers of Ghanaian small and medium-sized enterprises. Partial least square structural equation modeling is applied as the methodological technique to test all the hypothesized relationships.FindingsResults of the study indicate that SEO has a direct significant positive impact on environmental performance and social performance but not financial performance. However, through sustainable supply chain management and GRPI (both mediating variables), SEO tends to have significant impact on all sustainability performance dimensions (environmental, financial and social performance).Originality/valueThis study offers fresh empirical evidence by developing a unified research model that validates the specific mediation role of sustainable supply chain management between SEO and green radical product innovation, as well as the mediating roles of both sustainable supply chain management and GRPI between SEO and sustainability performance dimensions.

Evolution towards green radical generation in total synthesis.

The use of radicals as intermediates in total synthesis has evolved since their initial use in the latter half of the twentieth century. Radical generation from metal hydride methodologies has shifted to "greener" techniques including catalytic metal-mediated systems, electrochemical and photoredox-mediated processes. This review will focus on these classical and contemporary methods for radical generation and their applications in recent total syntheses.

Electrochromic behavior of poly(amine-amide) with pendant N-phenylcarbazole and triphenylamine units and its composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Electrochromic behavior of poly(amine-amide) with pendant N-phenylcarbazole and triphenylamine units (A1) and its composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry showed four separate redox processes with oxidation peaks at Eox1 = 720 mV, Eox2 = 1070 mV, Eox3 = 1295 mV and Eox4 = 1730 mV vs Ag/Ag+. The first two reactions are reversible and spectroelectrochemical analysis demonstrated color changes. A1 exhibits a colorless initial state, a green radical cation state, and a blue dication state. The polymer exhibits a good stability during the electrochromic tests in the range of -400 to 1100 mV with minimal loss of the transmittance during 30 cycles. The potential increasing above 1100 mV induces the third and fourth redox reactions and results to coloring film to deep blue. However, these redox processes are chemically and electrochemically irreversible. Detailed calorimetric study and FTIR-spectra analysis of polymer before and after electrochemical measurements show change of the macromolecular structure induced by the redox processes at potentials above 1100 mV. The introduction of MWCNTs in the polymer films improves the kinetics of switching between the A1 color states while a slight decrease in the optical contrast. The FTIR spectroscopy, TG and DSC results of A1/MWCNT composites (in the range of the studied component composition) before and after electrochemical tests practically coincide with the data for pristine polymer and indicate a change in the polymer structure in the third and fourth redox reactions. Thus, the introduction of MWCNTs leads to an improvement in electrochromic characteristics during reversible redox reactions, but does not affect the destructive processes induced by the third and fourth oxidative reactions.