Green Process Research Articles

녹색혁신의 결정요인, 녹색혁신 및 성과간의 관계

[Purpose] Companies are facing internal and external pressure to accelerate the paradigm shift centered on low carbon and adapt and implement environmentally friendly business activities. According to this trend, it is becoming important for companies to actively promote the adoption and implementation of environmentally friendly activities such as green innovation. This paper aims to develop a model that verifies the determinants supporting green innovation and the impact of green innovation on performance. [Methodology] A research model was designed based on previous studies and theories, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on manufacturing companies to verify this. 96 samples of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis, and the hypothesis was verified using PLS－SEM. [Findings] It was found that corporate environmental ethics and market demand have a direct positive effect on both green product innovation and green process innovation. It was found that stakeholder interest had a positive effect on green process innovation, and management commitment had a positive effect on green product innovation. It was found that green product innovation had a positive effect on environmental and organizational performance. Environmental performance was found to have a positive effect on organizational performance. This supports the ‘Win－Win’ paradigm of environmental efficiency that improvement of environmental performance has a significant effect on organizational performance. [Implications] Green innovation is driven by corporate environmental ethics, market demand for green products, stakeholder interest, and management commitment. It suggests that participating in environmental business practices such as green innovation can help improve environmental and organizational performance.

Decarbonizing urea: Techno-economic and environmental analysis of a model hydroelectricity and carbon capture based green urea production

This study reports a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of a realistic pathway for decarbonizing the urea industry. The proposed green urea synthesis plant utilizes hydroelectricity-powered electrolysis process and carbon capture from cement flue gas to create sustainable and environmentally friendly production process. Utilizing Aspen Plus and MATLAB, this study first, models the electrolysis, air separation, ammonia synthesis, carbon capture and urea synthesis units, and then evaluates the economic and environmental parameters of the synthesis process. Furthermore, the study highlights the transformative impacts of carbon credit and the renewable energy prices on the profitability metrics of the green urea plant. For the proposed 220 kt/year urea plant, the total energy consumption is 8.18 × 106 GJ/year with the electrolysis unit accounting for half of the energy demand. The estimated total capital investment for the urea plant is 510.79 million USD, with an annual operating expenditure of 156.02 million USD. The urea synthesis unit accounted for half of the total capital expenditure, while electricity contributed to the largest proportion (73%) of the operating expenses. The levelized cost for urea (LCOU) is estimated to be 570.96 USD/t which is approximately 62.2% higher than the urea obtained from conventional process. The electrolyzer unit contributed to 34.4% of the total LCOU. Sensitivity analysis showed that 30% decrease in the electricity price from the base case could lower the LCOU by 27%. The global warming potential of the proposed green urea process is 326.11 kg CO2/t of urea. Lower hydroelectricity prices and carbon credit opportunities significantly improve the economic viability of the green urea production process.

Gelatin-Based Scaffolds with Carrageenan and Chitosan for Soft Tissue Regeneration.

Motivated by the enormous potential of hydrogels in regenerative medicine, new biocompatible gelatin-based hybrid hydrogels were developed through a green process using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether as a cross-linking agent, adding carrageenan and chitosan polysaccharides to the network to better mimic the hybrid composition of native extracellular matrix. Overall, the hydrogels show suitable structural stability, high porosity and pore interconnectivity, good swellability, and finally, biocompatibility. Their mechanical behavior, investigated by tensile and compression tests, appears to be characterized by nonlinear elasticity with high compliance values, fast stress-relaxation, and good strain reversibility with no sign of mechanical failure for compressive loading-unloading cycles at relatively high deformation levels of 50%. Degradation tests confirm the hydrogel bioresorbability by gradual hydrolysis, during which the structural integrity of both materials is maintained, while their mechanical behavior becomes more and more compliant. Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSCs) were used to test the hydrogels as potential carriers for cell delivery in tissue engineering. hUC-MSCs cultured inside the hydrogels show a homogenous distribution and maintain their growth and viability for at least 21 days of culture, with an increasing proliferation trend. Hence, this study contributes to a further understanding of the potential use of hybrid hydrogels and hUC-MSCs for a wide range of biomedical applications, particularly in soft tissue engineering.

Highly efficient novel heterojunction catalyst in the elimination of antibiotics under the photo-Fenton-like process

The antibiotic residues in aquatic environments pose severe environmental concerns due to their ability to mediate antibiotic resistance genes through the microbes. The prime concern is the efficient and sustainable treatment of these residual antibiotics from waterbodies. The study aims to derive a novel bimetallic heterogeneous nano-catalyst, Ag0/Fe0/OSBC, by simple impregnation method in a greener process that involves natural phytochemicals of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam leaves. The phytochemicals readily synthesize in in-situ Fe and Ag nanoparticles. Various advanced analytical tools reasonably characterize the synthesized materials. The study evaluates insights into heterojunction catalyst efficiency in degrading the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and amoxicillin (AMX) under the advanced oxidation process. The photo-Fenton-like process assesses the elimination efficacy of the catalyst under dark, LED-VIS, and UV-A light conditions. The optimized batch operation parameters include solution pH 3.0, hydrogen peroxide dosage 0.10 mL/L (SMX); 0.25 mL/L (AMX), catalyst dosage 250.0 mg/L (SMX); 150.0 mg/L (AMX), and pollutant concentration of 2.0 mg/L. The parametric investigations offer insights into the degradation process's mechanisms and, the removal efficacy achieves 82.6 % and 92.8 %, respectively, for SMX and AMX. The process of mineralization using UV-A light achieves 68.0 % and 70.4 % for SMX and AMX, respectively. Minimal corrosion of Fe from the catalyst shows the catalyst's enhanced applicability and stability. The repeated cycles enabled a sustainable catalytic process, and real implications showed a higher selectivity of the process.

Janus graphene oxide membrane with rational allocation of functional regions as unidirectional ion valve system

Membrane-based ion sieving is critical to green desalination processes such as sustainable ionic resource extraction. Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) membranes exhibit unique ionic transport properties owning to the supernormal enhancement of channel effects induced by diverse functional regions under nanoconfinement. However, the discrete and random distribution of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic and positively/negatively charged regions restricts the GO membrane to give full play to its potential in selective ions separation. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to engineer the asymmetric three-tier architecture of a Janus GO membrane with rational allocation of functional regions. The wise series connection of ① surface positively charged hydrophilic layer of PEI, ② intermediate negatively charged hydrophilic layer of GO and ③ bottom hydrophobic porous layer of rGO along the cross-membrane direction established internal gradients of structure, wetting and charge, resulting in reinforced exclusion of retained divalent ions and reduced stagnation of targeted monovalent ions. Based on the continuous anisotropic gradients, the Janus GO membrane was endowed with the unique capability to act as a unidirectional ion valve system, showcasing impressive permeation performance of monovalent ions permeation rate of 0.244 mol m−2 h−1 with monovalent/divalent ions selectivity of 66.1, and remarkable nanofiltration performance of divalent salt rejections of >96.5 % with monovalent/divalent ions separation factor up to 70.9. The implications of this work will revolutionize the regulation and functionalization of 2D nanofluidic channels for selective ions transport, which is highly desirable for a wide range of green desalination applications.

Green HRM practices in textile sector of Pakistan and its impact on green innovation and environmental sustainability

The issue of Environmental sustainability is getting more attention from academia over the last few years. Green Human Resource Management Practices (GHRM) are important in every aspect of environmental sustainability. This research study examines the impact of Green Human Resource Management Practices on environmental sustainability through the mediating role of green innovation in the textile sector of Pakistan. This study is quantitative in nature, and data was collected through a survey questionnaire. The data was analysed with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS. The findings indicate that GHRM practices significantly contribute to green innovations. Green innovations such as green product innovation and green process innovation significantly contribute to environmental sustainability.

Green synthesis and characterisation of ZnO from citrus hystrix extracts for photocatalytic application

The purpose of this ongoing research project is to enhance the quality of zinc oxide (ZnO) powder synthesised through a green synthesis process using extracts from C. hystrix. The objective is to explore the potential of C. hystrix as a sustainable source for the production of ZnO nanoparticles with improved properties. Through a series of experimental procedures, including characterisation techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–vis spectroscopy, the synthesised ZnO powder’s structural, morphological, and optical properties are evaluated. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of the biosynthesised ZnO powder is assessed for its effectiveness in degrading organic pollutants under UV illumination. By systematically optimising the synthesis parameters and understanding the underlying mechanisms, this research endeavours to contribute to the advancement of green synthesis approaches for producing high-quality ZnO nanoparticles that demonstrate enhanced performance, thereby fostering sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterial synthesis processes. Following the successful production of eco-friendly ZnO through green synthesis, the optimum sample will undergo several experiments using a doping method with various chemical substances.

Sustainable and Biomimetic Methodology for Extraction of High-Value-Added Compounds in Almond Hulls.

Almond trees are the most cultivated nut tree in the world. The production of almonds generates large amounts of by-products, much of which goes unused. Herein, this study aimed to develop a green chemistry approach to identify and extract potentially valuable compounds from almond by-products. Initially, a screening was performed with 10 different Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs). The mixture lactic acid/glycerol, with a molar ratio 1:1 (1:50 plant material to NADES (w/v) with 20% v/v of water) was identified as the best extraction solvent for catechin, caffeoylquinic acid, and condensed tannins in almond hulls. Subsequently, a method was optimized by a Design of Experiment (DoE) protocol using a miniaturized extraction technique, Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), in conjunction with the chosen NADESs. The optimal conditions were found to be 70 °C with 15 min irradiation time. The optimal extraction conditions determined by the DoE were confirmed experimentally and compared to methods already established in the literature. With these conditions, the extraction of metabolites was 2.4 times higher, according to the increase in total peak area, than the established literature methods used. Additionally, by applying the multiparameter Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) and Green Analytical Process Index (GAPI) metrics, it was possible to conclude that the developed method was greener than the established literature methods as it includes various principles of green analytical chemistry.

An Analysis of Employee Work Posture Assessment with The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) Approach in The Green Tea Production in A Green Tea Company

Candi Loka is a company engaged in the food sector, especially in producing green tea. Technology in the food sector is currently growing rapidly, resulting in a competitive competition. Candi Loka requires superior human resources to produce a high quality product. To realize this, it is necessary to carry out work with high accuracy and concentration by competent workers in their fields. The working conditions carried out by competent workers need to be considered because they greatly affect the work productivity. Uncomfortable working conditions will affect workers to have Musculoskeletal Disorders. The purpose of this study was to identify the musculoskeletal disorders developed by green tea production employees at Candi Loka and to identify the work posture of green tea production employees. Through this research, an assessment to find out the musculoskeletal disorders and to assess the work posture of workers in the green tea production section was carried out by using the QEC method. Pain complaints related to the musculoskeletal disorders that many workers in the green tea production department had were pain in the neck, shoulders, arms and back with a score of 40 and a proportion of 6.51%. The assessment of work posture by using the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method for green tea processing workers had 79.09% E value with an action level of 4 and was included in the category of very dangerous risks and further action was needed as soon as possible, while tea sorting workers Green had an E value of 84.09% with an action level of 4 and was included in the very dangerous risk category and needed further action as soon as possible.

Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Combatting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections: A Comprehensive Review

Innovative strategies are required to address this worldwide dilemma since the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial illnesses presents a serious danger to public health. The environmentally benign and sustainable process of green synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn interest as a means of creating antibacterial nanomaterials. This thorough analysis looks at the most recent developments in creating nanoparticles that fight bacterial illnesses resistant to antibiotics by using green production processes. In order to create nanoparticles with increased antimicrobial activity, the study highlights the efficacy of many green synthesis techniques, including the use of plant extracts, microbial sources, and other natural materials. The study also looks at these green-synthesized nanoparticles’ methods of action against bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and their therapeutic uses. Through the synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing environmentally friendly methods, this study seeks to combat antibiotic resistance by offering a comprehensive overview of the existing research landscape and encouraging the development of innovative solutions.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE SHARING ON THE IMPACT OF GREEN LEADERSHIP ON INNOVATION IN VIETNAMESE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

With environmental sustainability gaining significance, firms require green leadership to drive the adoption of eco-innovations through appropriate culture-building. This quantitative study uses upper echelons theory to analyze green innovation levels in Vietnamese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to assess intermediary mechanisms that transmit strategic leaders’ influence. Results of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) provide strong empirical support for the hypotheses that environmental knowledge sharing practices mediate the impact of green leadership behaviors on higher performance in green product and process innovation. Specifically, knowledge exchange through cross-functional collaborations and external partnerships explains the effect of leadership. Findings respond to calls for research on green innovation drivers in emerging markets such as Vietnam, where institutional pressures for ecological responsibility remain underdeveloped. Furthermore, identifying actionable transmission mechanisms informs policy guidelines regarding interventions necessary to nurture sustainable innovation. This study offers multi-level theoretical and practical contributions.

Chemical Characterisation of New Oils Extracted from Cañihua and Tarwi Seeds with Different Organic Solvents.

Vegetable oils are rich in health-beneficial compounds, including fatty acids, phenolic compounds, natural antioxidants, and fat-soluble vitamins. However, oil extraction methods can influence their composition. This study aims to understand the chemical basis for developing a green process to extract oils from two Andean seeds, cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis). Ethanol, considered a green solvent, is compared to petroleum ether used at the laboratory level and hexane used at the industrial scale for extracting oils. The extraction efficiency is assessed in terms of yield, fatty acids profile, polar and neutral lipids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. The chemical composition of edible commercial oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed, and olive oils, was used as a reference. Hexane had the highest extraction yield, followed by petroleum ether and ethanol. However, the oils extracted with ethanol having yields of tarwi 15.5% and cañihua 5.8%, w/w showed the significatively superior content of tocopherols (α, γ, and δ); phenolic compounds; and antioxidant capacity. In addition, ethanol-extracted (EE) oils have higher levels of polar lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, than those extracted with the other solvents. Remarkably, EE oils presented comparable or slightly higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than those extracted with hexane. Finally, compared to the commercial oils, tarwi and cañihua EE oils showed lower but acceptable levels of oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids and a wider variety of fatty acids (10 and 13, respectively). The composition of tarwi and cañahua oils extracted with ethanol includes compounds associated with nutritional and health benefits, providing a sustainable alternative for oil production.

A novel hybrid approach to pink and turquoise hydrogen production via oxy-fuel combustion

Hydrogen has been considered a clean energy source essential for net zero by 2050. However, the current green hydrogen production process is not economically feasible compared to the existing hydrogen production pathways. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid operation of pink and turquoise hydrogen as a stepping-stone until the maturity of green hydrogen. Pink and turquoise hydrogen have their disadvantages: pink hydrogen requires an electric heater (EH) with high power load, and turquoise hydrogen faces economic drawbacks due to the high cost of air separation units (ASU). The proposed hybrid operation can mitigate these weaknesses: (1) by using low-grade waste heat from turquoise hydrogen to reduce the EH power load, and (2) eliminating the ASU process by utilizing high-purity oxygen produced from pink hydrogen for oxy-fuel combustion. We conducted energy, environment, techno-economic, sensitivity, and scenario-based cost analysis for the independent and hybrid operations. With the hybrid operation, total energy and specific energy consumption decreased by 11.5 % and 11.7 %, respectively, compared to independent operation. The environmental assessment showed the CO2 eq. flow of the hybrid operation decreased by 200 % compared to the independent operation, and the total expense and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) decreased by 10.7 % and 10.7 %, respectively. Finally, the analysis revealed the hybrid operation can alleviate uncertainties about cost fluctuations of feedstocks and utilities, as well as the volatility of by-product costs. Therefore, the hybrid operation integrating pink and turquoise hydrogen is expected to serve as a stepping-stone to the transition to green hydrogen.

The antecedents of top management’s involvement in green technology innovation

ABSTRACT Green technology innovation is a vital strategic driver for the sustainable development of an organization and is pitched toward energy conservation, pollution mitigation, and waste recycling. This study investigates the influence of the green technology orientation of the top management on a hotel’s green competitive advantage. It considers the effects of green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital. It adopts a partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses using 380 data samples from top employees of hotels in the USA. The statistical results show that corporate environmental ethics, stakeholder pressure, and market demand for green processes positively affect green technology involvement. Furthermore, findings of green human and structural capital positively affect green competitive advantage. The study sheds light on the significance of green competitive advantage in the hotel industry while providing novel perspectives on the deficiencies and vulnerabilities of the competitive hotel business.

Factors Affecting on Environmental Strategy in SMEs manufacturing Firms of a developing country: Mediating role of Green Employee Behavior.

Sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which engage heavily in manufacturing provides them with an essential platform for implementing environmental strategy, which is aimed at reducing environmental damage and promoting environmental protection. This study aims to examine the impact of the reduction in resource use, the greening of processes and products on environmental strategy and the mediating role of green employee behaviour. Primary data gathered with the help of questionnaires from employees of SMEs manufacturing in developing countries, Pakistan. The research gathered data from 211 participants by applying a pre-tested instrumental questionnaire and structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis. The results confirmed all direct effects, including a reduction in resource use, the greening of processes and products and green employee behaviour of environmental strategies in small and medium manufacturing firms. Also, confirmed partial mediation effect of green employee behavior between greening of processes and products and environmental strategy. The current study clearly showed the need for programs and infrastructures that support resource reduction and greening businesses in SMEs. Companies' implementation of green processes and technologies allows SMEs to take an environmentally responsible stand and become part of the movement toward sustainability. The research stresses the importance of green employee conduct as a mediator, the central point being the individual employee being engaged and aware of the subject and willing to participate in environmentally friendly practices. Therefore, small and medium enterprises should enlighten their staff to practice green behaviour, give them what they need and empower them to be change drivers that will trigger sustainability throughout the organisations.

Design and fabrication of PPTA-braid-reinforced PFA/GE hollow fiber composite membranes

Due to the effects of the rapid development of modern society and fresh water resource pollution, water shortage has further accelerated, which is becoming a very urgent problem. Herein, the poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)-(PPTA-) braid-reinforced (PBR) poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropylvinylether)/graphene (PFA/GE) hollow fiber composite membranes (HFCMs) were prepared by dipping coating-thermal sintering coupling technique with a green process. GE is an emerging type of two-dimensional functional nanoparticle with a tunable passageway for oil molecules. The influences of the GE concentration in the casting solution on the structure and performance of the PBR−PFA/GE HFCMs were investigated. The results showed that the addition of GE produced a finger-like pore structure suitable for oil channels. Meanwhile, the roughness and contact angle of the composite membrane increased accordingly, and the water contact angle increased from 115° to 120°. The permeation fluxes of kerosene also increased obviously with the increase of GE contents, and the maximum flux of M-3 reached as high as 217.66 L·m−2·h−1. The application of the lubricating oil flux test under working conditions of 60–150 °C has demonstrated the high-temperature oil permeability resistance of the composite membrane. Even after long-term use, its separation efficiency for water-in-oil emulsions still remains above 99.5 %. In addition, the membrane separation-efficiency both up to 99.9 % for activated carbon and silica dioxide (SiO2) in kerosene. Overall, the PBR-PFA/GE HFCMs with excellent lipophilicity presented great potential for oily wastewater treatment at high temperatures.

Application of improved NSGA-II model in multi-objective optimization model for sustainable building construction projects

Sustainable and environmentally friendly construction is the way of the future for building projects, and it is a practical illustration of how sustainable development is being implemented in the construction sector, where the control objectives are interdependent and constricting. However, when green construction is carried out, a conundrum arises since important factors like cost, environmental preservation, and safety cannot be addressed simultaneously. This issue limits the promotion of green construction. In order to solve the obstacles in the green construction process, the study chose to introduce three objectives to establish a multi-objective optimization model for project optimization. The local search idea in the mountain climbing algorithm was introduced into the non controlled sorting genetic algorithm to improve it, and a green construction multi-objective optimization model was established. Experimental verification of the feasibility and efficiency of improving non controlled sorting genetic algorithms; And evaluate and solve the established sustainable construction project. The results represent the maximum optimization values for each objective. The construction period is mainly distributed between 183–245 days, the cost distribution is between 16.6855 million yuan and 200861 million yuan, the quality distribution is between 0.864 and 0.878, the safety distribution is between 0.874 and 0.999, the environmental distribution is between 133.76 and 190.72, and the resource distribution is between 0.834 and 0.999, all of which meet the standards. Provide theoretical solutions for managers to manage green construction projects.

Machinability investigation of grinding 2.5D-SiCf/SiC composites under nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

SiCf/SiC composites are now the preferred option for the thermal structures of next-generation advanced aero-engines, owing to their high-temperature strength, and creep resistance. Grinding is currently a highly reliable and mature method for SiCf/SiC processing. However, the harsh, dry machining conditions lead to degradation of surface quality, and the dust generated can harm both humans and the environment. Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NMQL) maximizes heat transfer and lubrication in grinding and is environmentally and human-friendly. Based on this, this study thoroughly investigates the effects of dry, flood grinding, minimum quantity lubrication, and different nanofluids (MoS2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) on grinding performance at different grinding depths. Compared with dry grinding, the results show that the normal grinding component force Fn is reduced by 56.9 %, 56.8 %, and 71.6 %, and the tangential grinding component force Ft is reduced by 48.4 %, 50.5 %, and 57.5 % for NMQL-CNTs lubrication condition at grinding depths of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.6 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, NMQL-CNTs can significantly improve the surface quality and help to obtain a surface morphology with fewer surface defects, and the stabilized lubricant film formed by NMQL-CNTs can significantly reduce the specific grinding energy. Although brittle removal was observed in different lubrication methods, NMQL-CNTs could significantly reduce surface damage due to their filling and friction reduction effects. Due to the high viscosity of NMQL-CNTs and the low intermolecular forces, they have strong lubrication stability and wear resistance. This study provides theoretical guidance for the green processing of SiCf/SiC composites.

Aerogel‐like biodegradable acoustic foams of bacterial cellulose

AbstractWe report the first work on the development of biodegradable acoustic foams from self‐grown bacterial cellulose (BC) from kombucha solution and green processing techniques. Kombucha BC‐agar and kombucha BC‐polyvinyl alcohol foams were fabricated by using slurries of BC pellicles mixed with the additives, froze for 24 h, and recast into foams using the freeze‐drying method. The foams were aerogel‐like with a density 20 kg/m3, thermally stable upto 220 °C, and crystallinity ~74%. Morphological analysis revealed macropores with coarse walls in agar‐based foams, whereas the PVA‐based foams comprised a polydisperse pore network with coarse walls. A broadband absorption was observed with a maximum of 0.4 for the 2.5‐mm‐thick single‐layer foams and 0.9 for the 12‐mm‐thick multilayer foams. The sound absorption was found to be on par with the biodegradable foams of agar and other cellulose‐rich materials such as agricultural residue, yet with a lightweight. Being largely porous, the foams had little transmission loss. As the densities and the crystallinities of these foams are tunable by the addition of other polymers, the results from this study provide scope to explore BC‐based lightweight materials for large‐scale fabrication suitable for sound absorption over specific regimes.

Separation of arsenic and antimony: A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study

Arsenic is commonly used in alloy materials and the semiconductor industry, and has promising applications. Arsenic and antimony have similar physicochemical properties, and their binding and separation mechanisms are unknown, thereby limiting the purification and preparation of arsenic. This study, from a microscopic perspective, reveals that arsenic and antimony covalently interact in alloys through a combination of thermodynamic analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, antimony as arsenic-antimony clusters enters the gas phase, and the diffusion coefficients of the clusters are in the order of As4>As3Sb > As2Sb2>AsSb3. A green and efficient vacuum sublimation-graded condensation process for arsenic purification is proposed based on the different diffusion coefficients to obtain the optimal process parameters. The coalescence of arsenic on a condenser was normally distributed. The removal rate of antimony in the most concentrated area of the condensate was 91.37% under the optimal conditions of 748 K, 60 min, and 10 Pa. Thus, the proposed method effectively solves the challenging problem of separating arsenic and antimony, and the study results provide theoretical support for purifying arsenic via vacuum sublimation.