Green Mobility Research Articles

Assessment of controlled assistance from e-bikes as a mitigation strategy for individual PM exposure

Abstract Background While promoting active mobility and outdoor activities can benefit health (HLT), it also increases Exposure (EXP) to air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), due to the increased ventilation rate (VR) under physical activity. Traditional assessments of individual (IND) PM EXP involve costly equipment inaccessible to the public, but real-time low-cost sensors (LCS) are now emerging. This study presents a proof of concept to demonstrate the use of LCS for examining the real-time IND respiratory dose deposited (RDD) to PM cycling across the Brescia province. Methods An e-bike was ridden 33 times between 2022 and 2023 wearing a LCS for PM concentration [PM] linked to a GPS. Respiratory dose deposited(RDD) was calculated for six different locations within each route based on experimental PM and various VR. Results The LCS allows for the study of the spatial and temporal variability of [PM], revealing a significant difference (p < 0.01) according to the heating system operation and no significant difference (p > 0.05) depending on the location. RDD increases with [PM] and VR. Real-time and integrated RDD is calculated for routes with high (> 50 µg/m3), medium (25 µg/m3), and low (<10 µg/m3) [PM2.5]. The e-bike assistance is activated when the WHO interim target 4 of [PM] is reached to reduce VR, which corresponds to a shift to a lower physical activity intensity. The RDD calculated using the e-bike assistance over the path reduces RDD by about 23% and 11% over the high and medium [PM], while it never activates for the low [PM]. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the use of LCS allows the estimation of IND RDD, and the implementation of mitigation strategies based on controlled assistance from e-bikes would enable the reduction of PM individual EXP. Key messages • The integration of HLT data from wearable and air quality LCS enables the promotion of active mobility and outdoor activities controlling the EXP to air pollutants. • Establishing generalized guidelines based on this mitigation strategies for individual exposure reduction may also inform policy recommendations for promoting active and green mobility.

How Does Digital Economy Influence Green Mobility for Sustainable Development? Moderating Effect of Policy Instruments

The role of green mobility as a low-carbon lifestyle in carbon reduction and sustainable development cannot be ignored. The digital economy effectively promotes green mobility for sustainable energy use in the broader setting of the significant data era and sustainable development. This study utilizes the panel data of 264 cities in China from 2011 to 2021 to construct a two-way fixed-effects regression model to analyze the impact of the digital economy on residents’ green mobility and the indirect impact mechanism of the two policy tools, a low-carbon transportation pilot and carbon emissions trading, from theoretical and empirical aspects. The results show that digital economic development helps promote residents’ green mobility. In addition, the implementation of low-carbon transportation pilots and carbon trading policies has strengthened the role of the digital economy in promoting green mobility. The findings remain after introducing robustness tests such as “smart city” pilots as exogenous shock policies. A heterogeneity study suggests that the effect of the digital economy on green mobility for residents is more significant in economically developed and human capital-rich areas. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of the digital economy in promoting sustainable urban transportation and by demonstrating the moderating effects of policy instruments, thereby offering practical insights for policymakers aiming to reduce urban pollution and enhance sustainable development.

Good Practices for Designing a UI/UX Motorcycle Display: A Systematic Literature Review

Within the scope of the Mobilizing Agenda for the Development of Intelligent Green Mobility Products and Systems (A-MoVeR), specifically in the second PPS2 defined the presentation of a “new electric motorcycle, with high autonomy, aimed at promoting comfortable, efficient and green urban mobility"". In this context, we intend to develop user interfaces (UI) for an electric motorcycle that meet the end-user’s expectations by promoting optimal user experience and security. To achieve this goal, this paper provides a preliminary literature analysis, with a compilation of literature related to major aspects for developing an optimized User Interface (UI) and consequently increasing User eXperience (UX), specifying accessibility, adaptability, appeal, and conciseness of motorcycle interfaces in an attempt to determine its constructive qualities. Therefore, it was analyzed studies regarding filtering of displayed information; the controlling of a user’s focus and emotions through means of efficient visual representations; the differences in various types of input methods regarding user attention; and, the relevance of dynamic UI as a solution to a variety of problems related to UI/UX design. Therefore, a systematic literature review was performed, which resulted in the finding of various advantageous practices and ideas that are relevant to the design of a motorcycle’s UI/UX.

Analysing the Impact of Social Influence on Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Deep Learning-Based Simulation Study in Jharkhand, India

The transition towards sustainable transportation, particularly in regions like Jharkhand, has gained paramount importance amidst escalating environmental concerns and evolving market dynamics. This study delves into the consumer psyche regarding green mobility adoption, aiming to decipher the critical factors influencing individuals' future intentions towards eco-friendly transportation options. Utilizing a comprehensive survey questionnaire, data was gathered from 300 respondents, focusing on variables such as awareness of green mobility, the perceived importance of environmental impact, social media influence, peer recommendations, availability of green mobility services, cost considerations, government support, convenience of green transportation, and awareness campaigns. The collected data underwent rigorous regression analysis to uncover correlations and predictive insights. The regression model revealed a notable R-squared value of 0.765, indicating a substantial portion of variance in future intentions is explained by the chosen predictors. Among these, variables like the perceived importance of environmental impact, government support, and convenience of green mobility emerged as statistically significant influencers, suggesting their pivotal role in shaping consumer behaviour towards sustainable transportation. Contrarily, factors such as social media influence, peer recommendations, availability of green mobility services, cost considerations, and awareness campaigns exhibited non-significant coefficients, implying a lesser impact on individuals' future intentions in this context. These findings bear significant implications for stakeholders involved in promoting green mobility solutions. Ultimately, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable mobility by shedding light on the multifaceted dynamics influencing consumer decision-making using Python a deep learning simulation, thereby guiding strategic interventions for a greener, more eco-conscious future.

Applications of Blockchain and Smart Contracts to Address Challenges of Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility

Population growth and environmental burden have turned the efforts of cities globally toward smarter and greener mobility. Cooperative and Connected Automated Mobility (CCAM) serves as a concept with the power and potential to help achieve these goals building on technological fields like Internet of Things, computer vision, and distributed computing. However, its implementation is hindered by various challenges covering technical parameters such as performance and reliability in tandem with other issues, such as safety, accountability, and trust. To overcome these issues, new distributed and decentralized approaches like blockchain and smart contracts are needed. This paper identifies a comprehensive inventory of CCAM challenges including technical, social, and ethical challenges. It then describes the most prominent methodologies using blockchain and smart contracts to address them. A comparative analysis of the findings follows, to draw useful conclusions and discuss future directions in CCAM and relevant blockchain applications. The paper contributes to intelligent transportation systems’ research by offering an integrated view of the difficulties in substantiating CCAM and providing insights on the most popular blockchain and smart contract technologies that tackle them.

Agentive green mobility: everyday performance training for women on wheels

Agentive green mobility: everyday performance training for women on wheels

What motivates consumers to adopt controversial green mobility innovations? The case of shared e-bikes and e-scooters

Green innovations sometimes have a debatable environmental impact, which could be related to how their adopters use them. This paper examines five factors encompassing a consumer trait of being innovative and various motivations that could help further understand the adoption of controversial green innovations. Mainly, this paper examines the use decision and users' behavioral intentions in two green innovations that have received mixed opinions – shared e-bikes and e-scooters, and how they are related to a consumer trait (eco-innovativeness) and consumer motivations (instrumental, environmental, hedonic, and symbolic). We surveyed shared e-bike and e-scooter users (n = 337) and non-users (n = 1001) in Sweden and applied structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the factors and adoption. Results show that eco-innovativeness and motivations affect use decisions and behavioral intentions differently. Specifically, environmental motivations negatively affect use decisions but are positively significant in future behavioral intentions. Hedonic motivations have the strongest effects, which could help explain the controversy surrounding shared e-bikes and e-scooters. Theoretically, we contribute to understanding how traits and motivations are significant in the diffusion of green innovations. The paper shows that despite being mainly promoted as good for the environment, other motivations could significantly drive the adoption of novel green products. Practically, this indicates that promotion and public policies surrounding green innovations should not be limited to communicating their functional and pro-environmental attributes.

Cycling Greenway Planning towards Sustainable Leisure and Recreation: Assessing Network Potential in the Built Environment of Chengdu

In the quest to enhance urban green mobility and promote sustainable leisure activities, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential for cycling greenways within the urban fabric of Chengdu, China. Leveraging the built environment and cycling routes, simulated by dockless bike-sharing (DBS) big data on weekend afternoons, the cycling flow on existing networks reflects the preference for leisure cycling in surroundings, thus indicating the potential for future enhancements to cycling greenway infrastructure. Employing Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR), this research captures the spatial heterogeneity in environmental factors influencing leisure cycling behaviors. The findings highlight the significant roles of mixed land use, network diversity, public transit accessibility, human-scale urban design, road network thresholds, and the spatially variable impacts of architectural form in determining cycling greenway potential. This study culminates with the development of an evaluation model, offering a scientific approach for cities to identify and prioritize the expansion of cycling infrastructure. Contributing to urban planning efforts for more livable and sustainable environments, this research underscores the importance of data-driven decision-making in urban green mobility enhancement by accurately identifying and efficiently upgrading infrastructure guided by public preferences.

“It’s just politics”: an exploration of people’s frames of the politics of mobility in Germany and their consequences

BackgroundThe decarbonization of the mobility sector is one of the main challenges in the context of climate mitigation. In Germany, as in many other countries, policy measures aiming to make the mobility system greener frequently fail to produce substantial results, not least due to a lack of support by large sections of the general public. Policy measures directed at reducing car traffic in particular are often met with indifference and resistance. The question thus arises: what basis do citizens use to form their (often negative) opinions about sustainable mobility policies? As a conceptual starting point for our empirical analysis, we draw on the frame concept and focus on people’s frames of the politics of mobility. With “politics of mobility” we refer to everything people could consider as political with regard to mobility. We understand frames as culturally mediated patterns of interpretation that ultimately motivate and guide actions.ResultsBased on interviews and focus group data gathered in the region of the city of Stuttgart (Germany), we identify two dominant frames as well as combinations of these frames by which people make sense of the activities of political actors in the field of mobility. In one frame, which we labeled “politics-as-actor”, mobility politics are interpreted with reference to politics as some kind of monolithic abstract actor. In the other, which we labeled as “politics-as-staged-process”, mobility politics are portrayed as an interest-driven, opaque process that only purport to being democratic.ConclusionsIn terms of policy recommendations, we use our findings to derive suggestions for how to increase support for green mobility policies: transparent implementation of policy measures, pragmatic policy styles and the involvement of intermediaries.

Understanding Life-Cycle Greenhouse-Gas Emissions of Shared Electric Micro-Mobility: A Systematic Review

In recent years, the implementation of shared electric micro-mobility services (SEMMS) enables short rentals of light electric vehicles for short-distance travel. The fast expansion of SEMMS worldwide, promoted as a green mobility service, has raised a debate about its role in urban mobility, especially in terms of environmental impacts such as climate change. This article presents a systematic review of the current knowledge on the environmental impacts of SEMMS, with a special focus on the use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) methods. The study offers a detailed analysis of the global warming potential of SEMMS and its critical phases. It is found that shared e-scooters have the greatest greenhouse-gas emissions during their life cycle, while emissions from shared e-mopeds and shared e-bikes tend to be lower. The literature reveals that the materials and manufacturing phase is the most important one for the environmental impact of shared e-scooters, followed by the daily collection of vehicles for charging. The article also identifies influential factors in the sensitivity analysis and the potential for net-impact reduction accounted for mode substitution. Finally, the article identifies further research areas aimed at contributing to the adoption of environmentally responsible practices in the rapidly expanding field of shared services in cities.

Utilization of green internet of things (GIoT) applications towards sustainable performance: The antecedents and consequences of carbon footprint

This study aims to propose and investigate the key factors that predict the Utilization of Green Internet of Things (U-GIoT) applications by business organizations. This study will also look at the effect of using GIoT applications on energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction, which in turn, contributes to the sustainable green performance. Therefore, value-belief-norm theory (VBN) was chosen as the theoretical basis for this study's conceptual model. Two constructs derived from VBN (i.e. biospheric value and ecological worldview) are suggested as key predictors for the use of GIoT applications. The conceptual model is extended by considering the role of green marketing orientation (GMO); green energy awareness; and energy knowledge/technical capabilities. The current model also suggests that the utilization of GIoT applications would impact both energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction. Online questionnaires are used to gather data from a purposive sample (n = 500) of managers and employees at different levels in different service organizations. Statistical results show strong evidence demonstrating the significant effect of biospheric value; ecological worldview; green marketing orientation (GMO); and energy knowledge/technical capabilities with GIoT. This study presents a valuable contribution that helps researchers; policy-makers, and practitioners to identify and understand the most important antecedents and consequences of U-GIoT. It is also worth noting for future studies looking at different applications of pro-environmental behaviour such as sustainable practices, green mobility and transportation, paperless work; recycling; reducing waste levels; and smart green solar. Policy-makers, decision-makers, practitioners and specialists in green energy systems (i.e. GIoT) will be able to use this information for future improvement.

Embracing sustainability on Indian roads: exploring the influence of personality factors in fostering green transportation behaviour

ABSTRACT Green consumption is gaining prominence across domains to negate the ecological footprint of humans. Focusing exclusively on the green mobility segment, the study attempts to analyze the impact of ‘Big Five’ personality factors on adoption behaviour and also address the attitude-intention-behaviour gap. Data was collected from 384 green/electric vehicle owners in Karnataka, India and the results revealed that personality traits like openness, emotional stability positively and significantly impact green adoption behaviour. Further, attitude towards green vehicles successfully mediates the relationship between personality traits and adoption intention which in turn is significantly associated to adoption, extraversion being an exception. Sufficient evidence was gained to prove the attitude-intention-behaviour link in green mobility context. Segmentation and target marketing efforts suggested based on the finding would aid automakers and policymakers in driving green behaviour across the traits and achieving positive attitude towards green vehicles, a crucial antecedent of green consumption intention and behaviour.

Transition to green mobility: a twin investigation behind the purchase reasons of electric vehicles in the Indian market

Purpose The study aims to fulfil two objectives, namely, to explore what dimensions comes into play in the current consumer EV purchase behaviour based on relevant literature identified in the past and to find out whether there are other reasons that are peculiar to the Indian automobile market which influenced consumers to adopt this eco-friendly technology. Design/methodology/approach Mixed method approach for collecting the primary data was used. The study was conducted in five cities across India, through a questionnaire administered to 266 existing EV owners using judgemental sampling, that included dimensions as to what made them purchase EVs (any variant whether hybrid or battery) and encouraged their green behaviour. Moreover, the survey also took care of gathering other motivational constructs that may have played a significant role in the Indian EV market. To take care of this, use of single open-ended question was done. Statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) version 4.0 were performed to gain meaningful insights from this investigation. Findings Based on our analysis, EV purchase behaviour in the Indian market could be explained by six configurational paths identified in conceptual framework of this study. The data analysed revealed long-term operational benefits or relative advantages, trialability or prior driving experience and positive attitude towards EVs playing an important role towards EV purchase decision followed by environmental concern, social norms and personal values of Indian consumers. Besides, several other factors were identified in open comments like favourable government policies, brand consciousness, compatibility and functional benefits in terms of comfortable and noiseless driving which tend to drive the decision of Indian consumers towards buying EVs. The identification of these motivations can help policymakers in targeting the customer market accordingly. Research limitations/implications Although the study is restricted by its scope of sampling criteria, yet is distinct in its methodological approach and thereby adds value to existing literature on marketing and diffusion of EVs. The study explores the untapped gap in the current literature by helping identify reasons on the basis of which consumers made their choices of different EVs. Instead of analysing the potential antecedents of EV uptake, the study brings to light the actual reasons of EV purchase behaviour in the context of an emerging economy like India. That is to say, the horizon of EV motivations spans across technological, individual and regulatory attributes in the Indian automobile market. Practical implications This study is relevant and fulfils the underlying gap in the existing literature related to actual motivations that consumers look for before buying a high involvement product such as EVs. The results can be beneficial for marketers to design effective marketing strategies from the perspective of consumers. Promotional strategies addressing ease of using EVs and how battery technology is better than before needs to be clearly communicated by the marketers. Consumer education is necessary, in this regard, to make people aware of the rising air pollution levels. They have to be made understood the real advantages of owning EVs and how these non-conventional vehicles are far better when compared to traditional cars. In a nutshell, the study underscored potential determinants or reasons that made Indian consumers to go for EVs, based on statistically significant evidences which can be crucial for stakeholders operating in the Indian EV industry. Social implications The study has important implications for members of the community. By sacrificing their egoistic tendencies or individual preferences for energy intensive products such as ICE based vehicles, people can imbibe altruistic orientation and can contribute to the collective benefit of all by shifting towards energy rich vehicles powered by electricity. This is necessary to achieve the broader goals of sustainable development and to curtail the rising climate change phenomenon. Originality/value The study applied both quantitative (deductive) and qualitative (inductive) approach to study into the reasons for consumers’ purchase motivations towards electric cars. Taking a distinct methodological approach, the study enhances the knowledge on EVs by asking consumers to comment in their own words as to why they purchased EVs. This was necessary so as to better explore the needs of the Indian automobile market and which factors govern the purchase of EVs in domestic market. Past literature majorly focused on purchase intention towards EVs but this study in unexampled and analysed the purchase behaviour towards EVs. It should be noted that our investigation reveals the complexity of EV purchase reasons than those identified in past literature and it adds to the current pool of literature on EVs by explaining factors with unrivalled illustrative power.

Achieving green mobility: Multi-objective optimization for sustainable electric vehicle charging

This study optimizes and evaluates a Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery/Electric Vehicle Charging Station (PVWB/EVCS) system using four Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) techniques: MOPSO, NSGAII, NSGAIII, and MOEA/D. The main goals are to minimize the Total Net Present Cost (TNPC) and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) of the system, which are crucial for sustainable electric vehicle charging. The study analyzes the economic, operational, and sustainability aspects of the optimized system and compares it with HOMER software. The results show that NSGA-II is the best MOO technique for this problem, as it has the best performance and robustness. The Discounted Cash Flow analysis confirms the economic feasibility and sustainability of the optimized system over its lifetime. The technical analysis demonstrates the system's ability to use renewable energy from solar and wind sources, along with efficient energy storage and distribution. The study also conducts a sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of changes in load, irradiance, wind speed, and component costs on the system performance. The findings reveal the system's resilience and adaptability under different scenarios, thus enhancing its suitability for renewable energy generation and electric vehicle charging. The study showed that the optimized PVWB/EVCS system is a promising solution for reducing reliance on non-renewable sources and promoting a more eco-friendly sustainable future.

At the controls: Politics and policy entrepreneurs in EU policy to decarbonize maritime transport

AbstractThe recent adoption of the FuelEU Maritime regulation, aiming to decarbonize maritime shipping, is part of the EU clean energy transition to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on autoethnographic method and qualitative text analysis, applying the multiple streams framework as a theoretical lens, this article explores and explains the politics and the policy process of FuelEU Maritime. A policy window opened with adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015, the slow progress on climate policies in the International Maritime Organization, and the subsequent adoption of the European Green Deal in 2019 and the new EU climate law in 2021. Diverging beliefs and narratives of policy entrepreneurs, policy makers, and stakeholders on problems to be addressed and different policy options to be implemented are analyzed. There were mainly two policy entrepreneurs, advocating different problem descriptions and policy options. The European Commission proposed a technology‐neutral, goal‐based approach to reach moderate emission reductions by 2050, while a coalition led by green mobility NGO Transport & Environment advocated a technology‐specific multiplier and subquota for zero‐carbon fuels to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. The article explains the agency of Transport & Environment and allies in influencing the European Parliament and several member states in the Council of the EU to stand the grounds against incumbent shipping and fossil fuel industry that influenced the Commission to present a down‐watered policy proposal. Finally, the article exemplifies the complexity of the second‐generation energy transition required for decarbonization compared to the first‐generation transformation focusing on renewable electricity.

Promoting green transportation through changing behaviors with low-carbon-travel function of digital maps

Climate change is a challenge for global sustainable development. The transportation sector contributes considerably to global greenhouse gas emissions. In China, it accounts for about 10% of total CO2 emissions with high mitigation potential. Public transit systems can save energy and reduce carbon emissions. Carbon-inclusive action based on digital technology is becoming the primary measure for promoting green transit in China. To understand the level and nature of the public’s awareness of green transit and identify potential pathways to change their behaviors toward green transit, this study collected 7369 questionnaires nationwide and examined the public’s behavior and preferences regarding green transportation and their attitudes toward digital technologies that support green transportation, in the first such study in the Chinese context. The study found that (1) most respondents understand and accept the concept of green transportation, especially younger respondents, under the age of 39; (2) convenience, safety, and weather are the most important factors considered; (3) digital tools provide innovative and interesting options for public participation in green mobility. The government, social organizations, enterprises, and various stakeholders must strive to foster consensus and collaborative participation. This involves partnering with digital technology enterprises and establishing emission reduction standards for low-carbon living, particularly in the realm of green transportation.

A micro-architectured material as a pressure vessel for green mobility

A shellular is a micro-architectured material, composed of a continuous smooth-curved thin shell in the form of a triply periodic minimal surface. Thanks to the unique geometry, a shellular can support external load by co-planar stresses, unlike microlattice, nanolattice, and mechanical metamaterial. That is, the shellular is the only stretching-dominated material with the highest strength at a density of less than 10−2 g/cc. Therefore, it is expected to support internal pressure, too, by the bi-axial tensile stresses like a balloon. For more than 300 years, spherical and cylindrical vessels have been viable yet compromised options for storing pressurized gases. However, emerging green mobility necessitates a safer and more spatially conformable storage solution for hydrogen than spherical and cylindrical vessels these conventional vessels. In this study, we propose to use the shellular as a pressure vessel. Due to the distinct topological nature – periodic micro-cells constituting the triply periodic minimal surface, the alternative pressure vessel can be tailored individually for spatial requirements while ensuring safety with leak-before-break. For a given constituent material and prescribed pressure, the achievable internal volume-per-total weight of a P-surfaced, cold-stretched, double-chambered shellular vessel with a number of cells more than 15 × 15 × 15 can exceed the practical upper bound of both spherical and cylindrical vessels. For the applications, a thin shell with the large surface area of this micro-architecture is ideal for interfacial transfer of heat or mass between its two sub-volumes under internal pressure.

Re-claiming urban neighbourhood streets for active transport – Evidence from Vasai, Maharashtra

All means of transportation that involves using one's own muscle power to get from one place to another is referred to as ‘active transportation’. The current study intends to revive urban neighbourhood streets by enabling the use of active modes of transport. An attempt is made to enable the use of active modes of transport through analysing citizens' perceptions and their needs in line with infrastructure facilities to foster/encourage the shift to active transportation. The objective of the current investigation is to identify priority ‘areas of intervention’ (the basic requirement of the citizens) for fostering active transportation (walking and cycling) facilities. The priority ‘areas of intervention’ are identified using revised Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). A survey instrument was constructed to assess the importance and satisfaction of several parameters associated with walking and cycling; data was collected on a five-point unipolar Likert-type scale. The parameters analysed assess the overall provisions in the neighbourhood and assist in understanding the barriers to the choosing of active modes of walking and cycling. The results of the present study are an evaluation for decision making to improve active transport facilities in neighbourhood named, Evershine City of Vasai in Maharashtra. The findings of the study indicate the need for improvement of several facilities to increase the overall performance level of active transport in the neighbourhood. The improvements made in those areas are expected to promote active mobility in the neighbourhood. Despite the findings of the current study are case-specific, the work is anticipated to achieve the ease of mobility for first mile and last mile connectivity in various urban neighbourhoods, further encouraging green mobility by prioritizing active mobility.

Impact of Significant Discounts for Low-Income Groups of Passengers in Railway Transport on the Development of Transport Performances

To achieve the sustainable and green mobility available to everyone regardless of their social situation, it is necessary to regulate the fares by the responsible public authority. Some countries have introduced free fare or significant discounts for selected groups of passengers, such as children, students, and pensioners, which has brought up a question if such a measure is efficient from the social point of view. On one side, this approach would change the transport behaviors of socially disadvantaged groups of population, on the other side, it can lead to an outflow of fully paying passengers due to a lower comfort and quality of services. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of introduced measures in fares on the transport performances of rail passenger transport, using the methods of time series analysis and forecasting.

Digital Twin-Empowered Green Mobility Management in Next-Gen Transportation Networks

Digital Twin-Empowered Green Mobility Management in Next-Gen Transportation Networks