Green Lanes Research Articles

Assessing the efficacy of green walls versus street green lanes in mitigating air pollution: A critical evaluation

Urban green spaces, particularly street trees and greenways, are increasingly recognized as tools for mitigating air pollution. However, their effectiveness can vary depending on their configuration and urban canyon geometry. This study, aimed at providing practical solutions, assessed the impact of different green space configurations, including street trees, green lanes, green walls, and hedges, on particulate matter (PM) concentrations within urban canyons of varying aspect ratios by employing environmental simulations and wind tunnel tests performed in ENVI-met software.Results demonstrate that green walls significantly outperform street trees in reducing PM concentrations by up to 43%, attributing this to reduced air flow disruption. Green walls also create a more uniform PM distribution within canyons, decreasing concentration differences by 31% compared to green (tree) lanes. Conversely, dense tree lanes exacerbate PM deposition due to wind flow interference.These findings suggest that incorporating green walls into urban design can be a highly effective strategy for improving air quality within densely built environments.

LEGAL CERTAINTY ON BUILDING DISTRIBUTION AND CONFORMITY WITH THE DETAILED SPATING PLAN IN THE WILDLAND OF MENGWI SPECIFICALLY IN THE GREEN OPEN SPACE ZONE AND THE AGRICULTURAL ZONE (ANALYSIS OF LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR BUILDINGS THAT VIOLATE SPATIAL PLANNING)

This study aims to identify and understand in depth the factors that cause development in the green open space zone and agricultural zone in Mengwi District, Badung Regency, as well as analyze the legal certainty for building owners in these zones. The research was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner with legal interpretation and legal communication methods, which systematically prepared legal materials to be presented in the thesis entitled "Legal Certainty Against the Distribution of Buildings and Conformity with Detailed Spatial Plans in the Mengwan District Area (RDTR WP), Especially in the Green Open Space Zone and Agricultural Zone." The results show that social factors such as population growth, inheritance rights distribution system, and low interest of the younger generation in agriculture are the most important factors that affect the development and conversion of green open spaces (RTH) in this area. However, there are challenges in law enforcement such as the effectiveness of long-standing regulations and the lack of public awareness of the importance of preserving green lanes. The government and related agencies need to be more decisive in sanctioning buildings in the area to maintain green areas and agriculture as a mitigation effort in preventing land conversion. This research is expected to be a guideline for the community in using land in accordance with spatial planning, providing input for the government on the legal impact of land use transitions, and providing guidance for all stakeholders related to land use.

Wide-Scale Identification of Small Woody Features of Landscape from Remote Sensing

Small landscape features (i.e., trees outside forest, small woody features) and linear vegetation such as hedgerows, riparian vegetation, and green lanes are vital ecological structures in agroecosystems, enhancing the biodiversity, landscape diversity, and protecting water bodies. Therefore, their monitoring is fundamental to assessing a specific territory’s arrangement and verifying the effectiveness of strategies and financial measures activated at the local or European scale. The size of these elements and territorial distribution make their identification extremely complex without specific survey campaigns; in particular, remote monitoring requires data of considerable resolution and, therefore, is very costly. This paper proposes a methodology to map these features using a combination of open-source or low-cost high-resolution orthophotos (RGB), which are typically available to local administrators and are object-oriented classification methods. Additionally, multispectral satellite images from the Sentinel-2 platform were utilized to further characterize the identified elements. The produced map, compared with the other existing layers, provided better results than other maps at the European scale. Therefore, the developed method is highly effective for the remote and wide-scale assessment of SWFs, making it a crucial tool for defining and monitoring development policies in rural environments.

Mapping the tree damage index: A case study on the green lane in the urban area of Banda Aceh City

Climate change mitigation efforts implemented by the Government of Banda Aceh by building green lanes with trees. The level of the tree’s ability to absorb carbon is highly correlated with the vitality of the tree itself. The health status of a tree can be known by the tree’s damage level. The aim of the research is to provide information on how much damage to trees and the degree of severity. The research was carried out on green lanes on urban streets in Banda Aceh City as many as 8 lines. The object of research is vegetation with the tree growth phase category, and tree damage index assessment using the forest health monitoring method with indicators of tree damage conditions with parameters of damage location code, damage type code, and damage level code. Based on the results, most of the trees suffered light damage. Of the total number of trees observed, there were 1797 individuals, 252 trees were in good health, 1494 were lightly damaged, 40 trees were medium damaged and 11 trees were heavily damaged. The type of damage experienced was dominated by 46% open wound, 32% cancer, 11% brum (excessive branching) and 11% the rest with other kinds of damage.

Policy Politics and Human Rights: Study on the Implementation of Social Order Policy (Homeless and Beggar Free Zone) in Batam City Area

Policy Politics and Human Rights: Study on the Implementation of Social Order Policy (Homeless and Beggar Free Zone) in Batam City Area

STRATEGI PENATAAN PEDAGANG PELAKU USAHA KECIL DI AREA ENTROP JAYAPURA

The uncontrolled development of street vendors makes them occupy every empty space in the city even if it is a public facility. The street vendors illegally sell almost all pedestrian paths, open spaces, green lanes and other urban spaces. The existence of street vendors has positive and negative sides, thus making the existence of street vendors a dilemma for the city government in arranging them One of the trading areas in Jayapura City that is widely occupied by street vendors is the Entrop area. This area is located between Jayapura and Abepura, so its position becomes strategic. The subjects referred to in this study are street vendors located along Jl. Kelapa Dua, Entrop, Jayapura City. The analysis method used in this study is a qualitative approach where research on data, findings and visualization in the field is carried out by prioritizing description, explanation and comparison which includes descriptive, assumptive, and normative. The street vendors operating in Entrop often occupy locations that are not actually intended for street vendors. The location used is the shoulder of the road along Jln. Kelapa Dua, Entrop Village, South Jayapura District, Jayapura City. Solutions that can be done to provide effective space and space to street vendors in Entrop, Jayapura City are regional planning by involving all regional stakeholders, relocating street vendors into the market and increasing the knowledge and participation of street vendors in waste processing.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

The urban area is a source of invasive plants that enter through human activities such as agriculture and land-use conversion. Studying the invasive plant in urban areas is essential to understanding the city’s ecosystem health condition. Therefore, this study aims to inventory invasive plants, map their distribution, and explain the relationship between land use with the community diversity and species richness of invasive plants in Bandung. The vegetation analysis was performed using line-transect in 22 study sites distributed using a systematic random sampling method in Bandung to observe the plant species composition. The study plots were placed based on the land-use type. The species name, individual number, frequency, and sampling site locations were noted and analyzed to calculate the important value index (IVI) and the invasive species distribution pattern using the principal component analysis (PCA). The dominant invasive species was spatially mapped. Six types of land use were used in this study, i.e., settlements, street green lanes, gardens, paddy fields, urban parks, and urban forests. There were 187 species found in Bandung, which can be categorized into alien invasive species (39%), invasive native plants (25%), non-invasive alien species (18%), non-invasive native species (15%), and unidentified plants (3%). The most common invasive plants found were Eleusine indica (IVI=10.50%), Trimezia martinicensis (IVI=7.22%), and Cyperus rotundus (IVI=6.74%). Based on the plant community similarity index, the study area with the highest similarities were paddy fields with gardens (50.5%), settlements with road lanes (44.4%), urban parks with road lanes (26.2%), and urban forests with road lane (17.5%). PCA showed Swietenia macrophylla as the most common invasive plant found in urban forests, urban parks, and road lanes, with air humidity as the most influencing environmental factor. Trimezia martinicensis is the most common species in the settlement area affected by high air humidity. Bidens pilosa is an invasive plant commonly found on paddy fields, gardens, settlements, road lanes, and urban park edges. This species can easily and rapidly reproduce with a high survival rate. The many invasive plants found in Bandung must be managed to maintain the urban ecosystem’s health.

The Good, the Bad and the Rest: How the European Union Responded to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Transport Sector

Abstract Due to its severity, the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest crises to have tested the European Union’s (EU) ability to take effective action. The restrictive measures adopted by the Member States to curb its spread affected in particular the free movement of people and partly of goods. This prompted the EU to take action inter alia to maintain essential travel, protect supply chains, enhance contact tracing and facilitate the coordinated resumption of travel. Building on the notion of “output legitimacy”, this paper assesses the EU’s success in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in transport by looking at the four main initiatives between the end of 2020 and June 2022, namely: (1) the EU Digital COVID Certificates; (2) cross-border contact tracing through Passenger Locator Forms; (3) the “Green Lanes” for freight transport; and (4) the coordinated approach to facilitating safe and free movement. These initiatives are measured against the EU’s legal competence, economic interests, political pressure and the added value of EU action. While recognising the small set of cases, the results show that, although legal competence is a decisive factor for success, EU initiatives can achieve equivalent effect even in its absence, provided other conditions are met.

Application of Walkability Principles of Pedestrian Path in Supporting the Green City Concept (Case of Parasamya Street Corridor, Sleman Regency)

The convenience of pedestrian paths is an essential aspect that needs to be studied in urban planning. Along with the increasing use of motorized vehicles, facilities for pedestrians must also be considered to minimize the acquisition of pedestrian space. Walkability is a concept that prioritizes safety, comfort, and being able to provide friendliness to its users. The provision of facilities on pedestrian paths is also one of the supporting aspects in realizing a green city because the green lanes found on pedestrian paths have benefits such as circulation, city aesthetic functions, and maintaining urban air quality. The government area of Sleman Regency is an integrated office area that has begun to improve the pedestrian path, including Parasamya Street. This study aims to examine the application of the walkability principle on Parasamya Street, Sleman Regency, as an effort to support the concept of a green city. The research method used is qualitative through observation, documentation, mapping, and interpreting the results descriptively by comparing the existing conditions with theories and regulations related to the concept of pedestrian paths and the concept of a green city. The results obtained from this study are that the application of the walkability principles on Parasamya Street can support the concept of a green city which is indicated by the fulfilment of infrastructure facilities, including ecological comfort. Things that need to be improved are an equal distribution of facilities for the disabled and the improvement of crossing facilities.

Evaluasi Aspek Fungsi Pohon dan Perdu Hutan Kota Velodrome Malang

AbstrackEvaluation of Functional Aspects of Trees and Shrubs in Malang Velodrome City Forest Malang City has green open space with a total area of ​​1752.15 ha of green open space which is divided into 33.56 ha of urban forest, 175.49 ha of city parks, 59.19 ha of field, 218.64 ha of green lanes, 1102.43 ha of river borders, and other forms of 162.84 ha (Ministry of Public Works 2012). Malang City area in 2012 was recorded as having urban forest of 0.35% of the total area of ​​Malang City. One of the green open spaces that became the reason for the research is the Malang Velodrome City Forest. This urban forest is in the form of spreading and piling up. Plants found in this urban forest are the main elements studied by researchers, so plants that have a beautiful and functional visual appearance provide physical benefits so that they can meet the physical and spiritual needs of the visitors. Planting plants sometimes develop into a specific function, for example, as a fence to reduce the effects of wind.This study aims to analyze the quality of plants in terms of function according to the criteria in the science of landscape architecture. The basis for assessing plant function is done by comparing the criteria for plant function that should be with conditions in the field. The results of this study are expected to add information to landscape architecture, planners, and managers to consider aspects of physical function in the development of landscape plants.Keywords: Urban Forest, Landscape plant function

Ketersediaan Jalur Hijau sebagai Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Koridor Pendidikan Kota Bandarlampung (Studi Kasus: Jalan Za Pagar Alam)

Green open space (RTH) is one of the important elements of the city and can be accessed by the community, which functions as ecological, socio-cultural, architectural, and economic. Physically, green open space (RTH) can be divided into natural green open space in the form of natural wild habitats, protected areas, and national parks, as well as non-natural or built green open spaces such as parks, sports fields, cemeteries, or green roads. In the green open space, there are plants that grow and are useful, among which there are different types of plants planted, namely tree plants, shrubs, vines, and herbal plants. One of the functions of tree vegetation in Green Open Space (RTH) is to help absorb GHG emissions. This study aims to identify the characteristics of vegetation in the education corridor on Jalan ZA Pagar Alam Bandarlampung and identify vegetation absorption in the education corridor on Jalan ZA Pagar Alam Bandarlampung to see the availability of green lanes as green open space in the Education Area Corridor at Jalan ZA Pagar Alam Bandarlampung. In this case, data collection was carried out through primary data collection with observation collection techniques to determine the characteristics and amount of tree vegetation, and the analysis carried out was descriptive quantitative with the calculation of the central tendency, namely the mean and mode. Based on the results of the analysis, the education corridor on Jalan ZA Pagar Alam has the availability of 782 individual tree vegetation with 31 tree vegetation characteristics, and the most abundant tree vegetation characteristics are Pometia pinnata or matoa trees. The characteristics of the existing trees have their respective uptake capabilities. In the education corridor, Jalan ZA Pagar Alam has an absorption capacity of 37.66 tons/day or 1,129.79 tons/month or 13,557.46 tons/year from 782 individual trees with different characteristics. which has the largest absorption, namely palm trees, with an absorption capacity of 27.41 tons/day, or 822.31 tons/month, or 9,867 tons/year.

Evaluasi Kerusakan Fisik Pohon dalam Upaya Menghadirkan Pohon Jalur Hijau yang Aman di Kota Padang

The existence of trees in the landscape has an important role to create the comfort for users. The physical condition of the tree is something that needs to be considered in maintaining the comfort of road users. Poor tree conditions is possibly endanger road users if in the rainy season with high rainfall intensity and strong winds which possible cause tree branches to break and trees fall. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical damage of trees and to propose a recommendation for handling them on the green lane. The research was conducted on 3 green lanes, namely Khatib Sulaiman street, Rasuna Said street and Ujung Gurun street in Padang City. The method used refers to the FHM (USDA Forest Health Monitoring) method using the damage index that has been determined by the USDA Forest Service. Based on the results of the study, there were 1,108 trees that were damaged. The location of the most damage occurred on the lower stem of 32.9%, branching in the crown of 20.4% and buds and shoots of 19.8%. There were 11 types of damage that occurred with the most damage, namely open wounds by 32.4%, dead ends by 20.1% and broken or dead branches by 18.1%. The three type of damages are dominated by healthy and moderately damaged trees. Damage handling is done physically and chemically.

Planning Pedestrian Paths for Trade and Service Areas of Balikpapan City with the Walkability Concept

Corridor of the commercial area of Jalan MT. Haryono Balikpapan City specifically from the MT. Haryono Bridge to the Traffic Light Beruang Madu Monument has the characteristics of high mobility by motorized vehicles. Under these conditions, efforts are needed to encourage non-motorized movements. One of the efforts that have been made in the provision of pedestrian paths in the trade and service area. However, the lane has several problems, such as damaged sidewalks, motorized vehicles that often park around the sidewalks, and there are no guiding blocks for disabled users. Therefore, this study aims to plan a pedestrian path in the commercial area in the corridor of Jalan MT. Haryono uses the concept of walkability. This research uses walkability suitability analysis, community satisfaction level analysis, and Photo Mapping analysis. The results of the suitability analysis showed that segment 1 of the research area was not following the walkability and it was necessary to improve the pedestrian path infrastructure and add supporting facilities such as chairs, trash cans, CCTV, and shade plants, to guide blocks. While in segment 2, almost all of the variables are appropriate and require maintenance of several pedestrian path facilities. In the analysis of the level of community satisfaction using the Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis, the planning priorities of the 4 walkability indicators are obtained. The results of this analysis show that segment 1 requires planning for the development of safety and comfort indicators, while segment 2 requires planning related to the development of safety and beauty indicators. The results of Photo Mapping show that it is necessary to add road barrier facilities, guiding blocks, parking ban signs, resting chairs, green lanes, repairing pedestrian lane infrastructure, and improving zebra crossing in segment 1. Segment 2 requires additional parking ban markers, speed bumps, chairs, trash cans, green paths, and care for weeds growing along the walkways

Exploring Bicyclists’ Visual Attention during Conflicts with Truck Traffic

To determine how bicyclists allocate their visual attention, measurable eye-fixations of bicyclists during conflicts with a truck maneuvering at a commercial vehicle loading zone (CVLZ) were studied in a bicycling simulator environment. The potential influence of pavement markings in the conflict area (white lane markings, solid green, and dashed green), truck traffic (parked and exiting), and bicyclists’ gender (female and male) on bicyclists’ visual attention were investigated. Results of a mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that the type of truck maneuver in the CVLZ had the most significant effect on bicyclists’ visual attention. Dashed green bike lanes were more effective than other design practices to attract bicyclists’ visual attention. It was also found that men fixated more on pavement markings than women regardless of truck maneuver or of pavement marking type.

VALUASI EKONOMI DAN DESAIN LANSKAP KAWASAN WISATA ALAM MANGROVE DI KELURAHAN LAHUNDAPE KOTA KENDARI

The mangrove forest, located in the Kelurahan Lahundape in recent years, is being developed as a natural tourism area by the Kendari City Government. The success of its development can be seen in the increasing number of visitors. Thus, this research focuses on assessing the economic valuation of natural tourism services and landscape design of mangrove natural tourism areas. Data collection was carried out in Lahundape Village, West Kendari District, from August to September 2019. The target in this study was divided into 2 (two): 1) human groups and 2) the biogeophysical condition of the mangrove ecosystem. The sample selection on the first target is chosen deliberately, which must meet the sample quota (1152 people). The sample on the second target was obtained from observation and secondary data. Data analysis for the economic valuation of natural tourism uses the travel cost method, including transportation, consumption, parking, tickets, and documentation. The landscape design is determined after analyzing the biogeophysical conditions, facilities, and infrastructure and the motivation and interest of visitors to the Lahundape mangrove natural tourism area. The results showed that 1) the temporary economic valuation of Lahundape Mangrove Natural Tourism was IDR. 491,824,240.-/year. 2) The recommended landscape design is adequate vehicle parking space, worship infrastructure, toilets, connecting roads in mangrove areas, landfills, play infrastructure and docks for boats as attraction facilitation, and the addition of mangrove green lanes.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN LEMBAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

Mangrove area management that does not pay attention to environmental impacts will lead to degradation vulnerability of habitat and mangrove species. This research was conducted using observation and interview methods. Interviews were conducted by purposive sampling using key informants. Data were analyzed using SWOT to identify management strategies for mangrove areas in Lembar District. The results showed that the management strategy of mangrove areas in Lembar District was in quadrant I or an aggressive strategy. Priority strategies in managing mangrove areas in Lembar District include: (a) Formulate regulations on the conservation and utilization of mangrove areas by involving all community groups, (b) Develop a mangrove data bank in collaboration with academics through education, research and service, (c) Prepare zoning plans for the utilization of the Teluk Lembar coastal area, especially mangrove areas to prevent conflicts over utilization , (d) Develop an ecotourism development plan by considering the carrying capacity, and (e) Implementation of enrichment planting programs and widening of mangrove green lanes to increase the effectiveness of the role of mangroves as bioremediators.

PERSPECTIVES ON MALAYSIA'S LACK OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN BACK LANES

Malaysia has been utilising green back lanes since the ‘90s. In spite of the several benefits of these lanes, such as the formation of active spaces, decrease in runoff water, and visitor attractions, green back lanes are yet to be deployed in the residential regions of Malaysia, prompting the question as to why these lanes have not yet been installed extensively. The objectives of this research work were: to determine what experts opined regarding the installation of green back lanes in the country, study the scenarios which caused the absence of implementation, produce a report showing the outcomes and analysis, and offer suggestions. The researcher deployed the interview strategy for ascertaining the views and standpoints of architects, town planners, maintenance staffs, project managers, and marketers on the dearth of green back lane installation. The research emphasises on the aspects of cost, maintenance, and safety.

Lower Eyelid Ectropion Secondary to Over-the-Counter Treatment of Xanthelasma.

Xanthelasmas are localized accumulations of lipids, mainly cholesterol, that can occur in the epidermis, dermis, and muscle of the eyelids. They are the most common cutaneous presentation of xanthoma and occur most commonly on the upper eyelid near the inner canthus. Despite their benign presence, xanthelasmas can be cosmetically concerning. With this in mind, several treatment modalities have been described to eliminate the appearance. We report the first case to describe a cicatricial ectropion from the topical treatment, "Glycolic acid, Lactic acid, Mandelic acid, Salicylic acid, Resorcinol, Jessners peel" (XanthelR, 483 Green Lanes, London, N13 4BS).

Riverside underwater noise pollution threaten porpoises and fish along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China

The Yangtze River exhibits a high biodiversity and plays an important role in global biodiversity conservation. As the world's busiest inland river in regard to shipping, little attention has been paid to underwater noise pollution. In 2017, the underwater noise level in 25 riverside locations along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River mainly at night time were investigated by using passive acoustic monitoring method. Approximately 88% and 40% of the sampled sites exhibit noise levels exceeding the underwater acoustic thresholds of causing responsiveness and temporary threshold shift, respectively, in cetacean. Noise pollution may impose a high impact on fish with physostomous swim bladders and Weberian ossicles, such as silver carp, bighead carp, goldfish and common carp, whereas it may affect fish with physoclistous swim bladders and without Weberian ossicles, such as lake sturgeon and paddlefish, to a lesser extent. Noise levels reductions of approximately 10 and 20 dB were observed in the middle and lower reaches, respectively, of the Yangtze River over the 2012 level. The green development mode of the ongoing construction of green shipping in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, including the development of green shipping lanes, ports, ships and transportation organizations, may account for the alleviated underwater noise pollution. Follow-up noise mitigation endeavors, such as the extension of ship speed restrictions and the study and implementation of the optimal navigation speed in ecologically important areas, are required to further reduce the noise level in the Yangtze River to protect local porpoises and fish.

Effects of hedgerow enhancement as a net zero strategy on farmland biodiversity: a rapid review

In order to mitigate the effects of climate change, the UK government has set a target of achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. Agricultural GHG emissions in 2017 were 45.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e; 10% of UK total GHG emissions). Farmland hedgerows are a carbon sink, storing carbon in the vegetation and soils beneath them, and thus increasing hedgerow length by 40% has been proposed in the UK to help meet net zero targets. However, the full impact of this expansion on farm biodiversity is yet to be evaluated in a net zero context. This paper critically synthesises the literature on the biodiversity implications of hedgerow planting and management on arable farms in the UK as a rapid review with policy recommendations. Eight peer-reviewed articles were reviewed, with the overall scientific evidence suggesting a positive influence of hedgerow management on farmland biodiversity, particularly coppicing and hedgelaying, although other boundary features, e.g. field margins and green lanes, may be additive to net zero hedgerow policy as they often supported higher abundances and richness of species. Only one paper found hedgerow age effects on biodiversity, with no significant effects found. Key policy implications are that further research is required, particularly on the effect of hedgerow age on biodiversity, as well as mammalian and avian responses to hedgerow planting and management, in order to fully evaluate hedgerow expansion impacts on biodiversity.