Green Disease Research Articles

Manipulating button mushroom casing affects the disease dynamics of blotch and green mold disease

Productive cultivation of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) relies on the use of selective substrates and effective disease management. In extending our previous work on manipulating the developmental microbiome (devome), this study employs the strategy of substrate passaging to explore its effects on crop outcomes and disease dynamics. Here we subjected the casing substrate to ten cycles of passaging. This manipulated substrate stimulated early pinning (primordia formation) by at least three days. Passaged casing also altered disease dynamics when challenged with two commercially important A. bisporus pathogens, Pseudomonas tolaasii (causing bacterial blotch) and Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum (responsible for green mold). Passaged casing had a suppressive effect on blotch disease and a conducive effect on green mold disease. Blotch suppression resulted in a significantly higher yield of asymptomatic mushrooms in all three mushroom harvests (flushes) and in the overall crop yield. Blotch severity was also significantly reduced in passaged casing compared to standard casing due to a lower yield of mushrooms with the highest degree of blotch disease expression. Green mold disease expression was markedly higher in passaged casing, leading to lower numbers of asymptomatic mushrooms. Zones where no growth of hyphae or mushrooms were also observed in passaged casing due to green mold disease pressure. The stimulating effect of passaged casing on mushroom development and the dynamic outcomes for disease challenge from two distinct, commercially damaging diseases, demonstrates the potential for passaged casing to be used as material to study more sustainable mushroom production and disease management practices.

Effective control of citrus green mold using plasma-activated water with hydrogen peroxide vapor: A non-thermal approach

In this study, a novel approach for controlling Citrus sinensis Salustiana green mold disease in oranges was developed using plasma-activated water (PAW) generated by a Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (SDBD) system reinforced with H2O2 cold vapor. Penicillium digitatum, the primary cause of orange mold, was the target of the treatment. The efficiency of the setup was investigated in three stages. First, a suspension of P. digitatum spores was directly treated with Ar/H2O2 plasma to estimate the optimal plasma exposure time required for maximum fungal inactivation. Second, the impact of Argon/H2O2 plasma-treated water (PTW), generated from various plasma exposure times, on mold growth on orange peels was examined. For this, orange peels were placed in Ar/H2O2-PTW for different durations, and mold occurrence was monitored. Finally, the effect of PTW, generated from various Ar/H2O2 plasma exposure times, on mold growth on whole oranges was investigated. Oranges were treated with Ar/H2O2-PTW for different durations, and mold occurrence was analyzed. The results demonstrated that a 20-min treatment of oranges with PTW produced from a 420-s Ar/H2O2 plasma exposure time led to complete inactivation of P. digitatum. This study showed that this hybrid scenario can be effectively used for fungal decontamination in the food industry.

Biocontrol potential of Streptomyces sp. N2 against green and blue mold disease in postharvest navel orange and the action mechanism

The objective of this study was to provide a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for management of postharvest citrus decay, thereby promoting sustainable citrus fruit production. The postharvest decay of citrus fruit caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum results in substantial economic losses in citrus industry worldwide. With growing fungal resistance issues in P. digitatum and P. italicum, there is an urgent need for searching new methods to address above problems in a safe and environmentally friendly way. Streptomyces sp. N2, a new species from Streptomyces genus, exhibits significant antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani. However, its biocontrol efficacy against postharvest decay caused by P. digitatum and P. italicum and its action mechanism remain unknown. In this study, Streptomyces sp. N2 was found to have significant potential in controlling green and blue mold diseases in postharvest navel oranges. Moreover, the action mechanism of Streptomyces sp. N2 against both P. italicum and P. digitatum was elucidated. On the one hand, Streptomyces sp. N2 stimulated fruit resistance to fight against invading fungal pathogens. It significantly reduced ROS content in navel orange upon the infection of mold disease, increased the production of defense-related enzymes including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related proteins of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. On the other hand, Streptomyces sp. N2 secreted bioactive substances to inhibit the growth of P. italicum and P. digitatum so as to prevent the development of postharvest decay. The bioactive substances secreted by Streptomyces sp. N2 significantly inhibited the spore germination and mycelial growth and led to microstructural damages to the cell wall and membrane, ROS burst, and mitochondrial dysfunction in both P. italicum and P. digitatum. This study provides a theoretical reference and application potential for the biological control of Streptomyces sp. N2 on green and blue mold diseases.

In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Against Aggressive Biotypes of the Green Mold.

During the cultivation of button mushrooms, the green mold epidemic, which causes a decrease in productivity, is a very important problem. The environmental harm of chemicals used in the control of such epidemics and the demand of consumers for organic products without chemicals have brought environmentally friendly biological control to the fore. Biological control can be achieved by the use of antagonistic microorganisms and their metabolites. In this study, the effectiveness of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. for the biological control of the aggressive biotypes of the green mold disease agent Trichoderma aggressivum strains was examined in vitro. For this purpose, the antifungal effects of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against T. aggressivum strains were examined by in vitro dual culture test. Afterward, the antifungal activity of Bacillus spp. metabolites was assessed further using the agar well diffusion method. Then, it was determined whether the bacterial strains showing antifungal activity showed antagonistic activity against A. bisporus. Although none of the Pseudomonas spp. showed antifungal activity against T. aggressivum strains, most of the Bacillus spp. were found to have high activity. It has been concluded that Bacillus sp. Ö-4-82 may be potential biological control agent for button mushroom cultivation.

Exploration of antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of biocontrol agent Serratia nematodiphila BC-SKRU-1 against Penicillium digitatum in tangerine fruit

The isolate BC-SKRU-1, identified as Serratia nematodiphila from fungal culture contamination, was investigated for its biocontrol potential against Penicillium digitatum in vitro and on tangerine fruit, with a focus on its mechanisms of action. In vitro tests on PDA plates revealed BC-SKRU-1's broad-spectrum antifungal activity, achieving up to 74.68% inhibition against seven plant pathogenic fungi, including P. digitatum NKP4321. Bacterial culture filtrates from BC-SKRU-1 (BCF BC-SKRU-1) at 5–10% concentrations inhibited NKP4321 mycelial growth in PDB medium (78.41–83.68%) more effectively than in PDA medium (46.20–72.61%), with complete suppression at 15% (v/v) in both media. BCF BC-SKRU-1's efficacy was comparable to chemical fungicides such as propiconazole®, prochloraz®, and mancozeb®. Notably, BCF BC-SKRU-1 retained its antifungal activity after dilution (1/1000), autoclaving (at 121 °C), and storage (at −20 °C). In vivo evaluations on tangerine fruit showed significant reduction in the severity of postharvest green mold disease with BC-SKRU-1 treatments, especially at a concentration of 108 CFU mL−1. Both preventive and curative applications were effective, with curative treatments being more successful. Mechanistic studies indicated that BCF BC-SKRU-1 reduces intracellular ergosterol content, compromises plasma membrane integrity, and attenuates antioxidant defense activities (SOD, CAT, GSH, GSSG, and GSH/GSSG ratio). These findings highlight BC-SKRU-1 and its metabolites as promising biocontrol agents against green mold in tangerine fruits and provide insights into their antifungal mechanisms.

Evaluation of Hot Pepper Varieties through Farmer’s Participatory Selection at Teppi area, Southwestern Ethiopia

Three hot pepper varieties were evaluated in single plot in 2022/23 main cropping season. Farmers’ evaluation was made at two different stages of the crop, namely at vegetative and at maturity using both direct-matrix and pair-wise ranking methods of selection scheme. Farmers’ set; green pod yield, disease tolerance, pod color and size as selection criteria to evaluate and identify their preferred varieties. The results of analysis of variance indicated the existence of highly significant differences among varieties for all traits measured at 5% probability level. The highest mean green pod yield was obtained from the variety Melka Awaze (11.39 t/ha) and Melka Zala (8.39 t/ha). Likewise, these two varieties were identified as farmers preferred varieties from both pair-wise and direct matrix ranking evaluations. Thus, the varieties Melka Awaze and Melka Zala were chosen for their performance in the field and from farmers' evaluation perspective. Moreover, this study indicated participatory varietal selection is a viable method to gain greater insight into farmers’ perceptions, preferences, merits and shortcomings of hot pepper varieties. Therefore, based on the results of this study, Melka Awaze and Melka Zala varieties are recommended for multiplication and distribution to farmers in the area.

Macroalgal Diseases: Exploring Biology, Pathogenesis, and Management Strategies

The global seaweed market is expected to reach USD 17.8 billion by 2032, fuelled by growing demand for sustainable and healthy food solutions and expanding applications in agriculture and aquaculture. However, this rapid growth poses significant challenges, particularly in managing diseases that often establish themselves in intensive macroalgal culture facilities. Red rot disease, Olpidiopsis, and green spot disease often affect marine macroalgae species of high commercial interest, as seen in Pyropia/Porphyra as has already happened for “ice-ice” malaise on Kappaphycus, causing huge economic losses. These diseases are caused by infectious agents that find their place in extreme environmental conditions, such as those characterized by sudden changes in temperature and pollution. Despite technological advances aimed at monitoring the well-being of cultivated seaweed, discrepancies between regions’ technological capabilities and species vulnerability exacerbate management difficulties. This review provides an overview of diseases prevalent among marine algae, their impact on aquaculture, and the effectiveness of currently adopted treatments. This study highlights the need to improve disease management strategies and highlights the importance of understanding host–pathogen interactions in order to mitigate future epidemics.

Correction to: Improvement of post-harvest quality of Balady lime fruit with Aloe vera gel and tea tree oil against green mold disease caused by Penicillium digitatum

Correction to: Improvement of post-harvest quality of Balady lime fruit with Aloe vera gel and tea tree oil against green mold disease caused by Penicillium digitatum

Identification pests and diseases of coffee plant on Mount Puntang as a basis for integrated pest management to support sustainable development goals

One of the main advantages in plantation exports in Indonesia is coffee plants, but it should be known that there are many types of pests associated with coffee planting. identifying pests and diseases is the basis for reducing possible crop losses. This research aims to control the growth of pest populations. This research uses a descriptive approach by directly following up in the field by making direct observations in sampling the data to be obtained. Performed by identifying the types of pests and diseases found in coffee plants in Gunung Puntang Bandung by making Belt Transect and performing 2 sampling techniques: hand sorting and beating tray. The overall pest species that were sampled in 3 sampling times in the Gunung Puntang Bandung coffee plantation consisted of 6 orders, and 27 pest species that attacked coffee plants. There are 5 types of damage caused by pests found in Gunung Puntang Coffee Plantation, namely leaf miner perforated leaves by Spodoptera litura and chrysomelidae, fruit rot and Green Coffee Scale Disease. There are five diseases identified, namely Cercospora leaf spot rust, Powdery mildew, Antarnoxa, and Coffee Berry Desease. The thing that affects the number of pests and diseases in Gunung Puntang coffee plantations is the climate and environmental conditions that are adequate for these pests to develop and grow.

Postharvest biocontrol ability and involved mechanism of volatile organic compounds from Serratia nematodiphila BC-SKRU-1 against Penicillium digitatum tangerine fruit

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms offer a promising strategy for managing green mold disease in citrus fruits caused by Penicillium digitatum. This study evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of VOCs produced by Serratia nematodiphila BC-SKRU-1 (BC-SKRU-1 VOCs) against green mold in postharvest tangerine fruits, targeting P. digitatum NKP4321. Our findings demonstrated that BC-SKRU-1 VOCs exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against seven plant pathogens, with the highest efficacy observed against NKP4321 (68.21%). A concentration of 106 CFU mL−1 for VOC production by BC-SKRU-1 completely inhibited the mycelial growth of NKP4321, whereas a concentration of 107 CFU mL−1 was required to fully inhibit spore germination. The application of four plates of BC-SKRU-1 VOCs at 108 CFU mL−1 significantly reduced the severity of green mold disease, with optimal biocontrol achieved through continuous fumigation during storage. Notably, 2-nonanol, identified as the predominant component among the 20 VOCs using HS-SPME/GC-MS, exhibited superior antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo. It effectively decreased ergosterol production and disrupted plasma membrane integrity in NKP4321 cells. Furthermore, 2-nonanol altered the cellular content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., GSH, GSSG) and enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., CAT, SOD), elucidating its comprehensive antifungal mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of BC-SKRU-1 VOCs, particularly 2-nonanol, as effective biocontrol agents for enhancing postharvest fruit preservation by combating fungal pathogens.

Increasing the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum

BackgroundPenicillium digitatum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the green mold disease in harvested citrus fruits. Due to its economical relevance, many efforts have focused on the development of genetic engineering tools for this fungus. Adaptation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was previously accomplished with self-replicative AMA1-based plasmids for marker-free gene editing, but the resulting efficiency (10%) limited its practical implementation. In this study, we aimed to enhance the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in P. digitatum to facilitate its practical use.ResultsIncreasing the culture time by performing additional culture streaks under selection conditions in a medium that promotes slower growth rates significantly improved the gene editing efficiency in P. digitatum up to 54–83%. To prove this, we disrupted five candidate genes that were chosen based on our previous high-throughput gene expression studies aimed at elucidating the transcriptomic response of P. digitatum to the antifungal protein PdAfpB. Two of these genes lead to visual phenotypic changes (PDIG_53730/pksP, and PDIG_54100/arp2) and allowed to start the protocol optimization. The other three candidates (PDIG_56860, PDIG_33760/rodA and PDIG_68680/dfg5) had no visually associated phenotype and were targeted to confirm the high efficiency of the protocol.ConclusionGenome editing efficiency of P. digitatum was significantly increased from 10% to up to 83% through the modification of the selection methodology, which demonstrates the feasibility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene disruption in this phytopathogenic fungus. Moreover, the approach described in this study might help increase CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing efficiencies in other economically relevant fungal species for which editing efficiency via CRISPR/Cas9 is still low.

Efficacy of disinfectants and heat treatments against green mould in casing soil and button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) yield

Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the predominant mushroom species cultivated around the world. In the button mushroom cultivation, casing soil is one of the main substrate inducing emergence of mushrooms but presence of Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum (causal agent of green mould disease) in casing soil causes devastating yield losses. However, little is known about management of the green mould in button mushroom cultivation. The aim of this study was to examine efficacy of several disinfectants and heat treatments against T. aggressivum f. aggressivum in casing soil and mushroom yield. In this respect, by considering yield (total amount of sporophores) values, in vivo experiments were separately set up according to randomized block design with three replications. As a result, compared to controls, disinfectants [hydrogen peroxide (H202), formaldehyde (CH2O), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)] and heat treatments (60, 90 and 120 °C) significantly (P˂0.01) increased mushroom yields up to 18.74 and 24.06% in the treated plots, respectively. Biological efficiency values ranged from 87.16 to 105.72% in the disinfectant treatments, while they varied from 93.15 to 95.68% in the heat treatments. However, applications of the disinfectants at high doses had negative influence on growth of A. bisporus. The overall results suggest that the tested disinfectants and heat treatments may significantly increase button mushroom yield by suppressing development of T. aggressivum f. aggressivum in casing soil. The present study not only reveals management practices that can be used against the green mould in the in vivo but also presents new knowledge for mushroom industry.

Characterization of Bacillus velezensis TJS119 and its biocontrol potential against insect pathogens.

The white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis), which is widely distributed in Asian countries, is traditionally used in oriental medicine. However, its larvae are prone to severe damage by green muscardine disease (caused by Metarhizium anisopliae) during breeding. The aim of this study was to characterize Bacillus velezensis TJS119, which has been isolated from freshwater, and investigate its potential as a biocontrol agent against M. anisopliae in insects. TJS119 was obtained from freshwater samples in the Republic of Korea and was classified as B. velezensis. We evaluated its in vitro antifungal effect, sequenced the bacterial whole genome, mined genes responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, performed secondary metabolite analysis Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and conducted bioassays for determining green muscardine disease control ability. Bacillus velezensis TJS119 inhibited the mycelial growth of M. anisopliae in vitro. The size of the B. velezensis TJS119 genome was estimated to be 3,890,913 bp with a GC content of 46.67% and 3,750 coding sequences. Biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites with antifungal activity were identified in the genome. Lipopeptides, including fengycin secreted by TJS119 exhibit antifungal activity. Application of TJS119 for the biocontrol against green muscardine disease increased the viability of white-spotted flower chafer by 94.7% compared to the control. These results indicate that B. velezensis TJS119 is a potential biocontrol agent for insect pathogens.

Control of postharvest soft rot of green peppers by Bacillus subtilis through regulating ROS metabolism

Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum is one of the most serious postharvest bacterial diseases of green peppers. The present research aimed to determine the biocontrol effect of Bacillus subtilis on postharvest soft rot of green peppers and to further delve into biocontrol mechanisms by analyzing the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in green peppers. As key results, soft rot occurrence of green peppers was alleviated with the increase of the concentration of B. subtilis, and the disease incidence and index of the fruits treated with 1 × 109 CFU/mL of B. subtilis for 4 d were 28.3% and 12.7%, respectively, which were significantly decreased compared with that of the control. B. subtilis could significantly increase NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in green peppers to trigger ROS outbreaks, which induced defense response of the fruits. Furthermore, it promoted the enzymatic activities of the ROS scavenging system, including antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle-related enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR)), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) cycle-related enzymes (GPX, GR and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)). Besides, B. subtilis increased the non-enzymatic ROS scavenging system contents, including ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in green peppers. Importantly, the levels of O2−·, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in green peppers were reduced, thereby enhancing green pepper disease resistance. This study offers novel insights to advanced strategies in preventing and controlling postharvest soft rot in green peppers.

Compost Filling Methods Affect Green Mold Disease Incidence in Commercial Mushrooms.

Green mold (Trichoderma aggressivum) is an invasive disease of commercial mushrooms introduced into the United States from Europe that now has spread to commercial mushrooms throughout North America. We examined potential sources of invasive green mold inoculum and the association with different compost filling technologies on a large actively producing commercial mushroom farm. Green mold foci were sampled bed by bed, which generated 20,906 data points. Logistic regression was used to determine treatment differences. Mechanical filling of compost into the beds reduced green mold incidence over hand filling, apparently due to the reduced incidence of worker contact with the floor and between beds. Lower growing beds located closer to the floor had a higher incidence of green mold for both mechanical and hand-filled beds. We conclude that mechanical filling and generally reducing contact with the floor and between beds will reduce spread of green mold in commercial mushroom production.

Evaluating the efficiency of essential oils as fumigants in controlling Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruits

Citrus fruits are highly valued for their flavor, nutritional content, and versatility, but their perishable nature makes them susceptible to postharvest losses due to fungal infections. Conventional synthetic fungicides, while effective, raise concerns about food safety and environmental impact. Essential oils have emerged as promising alternatives due to their natural antifungal properties. This study investigates the antifungal activity of four plant essential oils as antifungal fumigants against Penicillium digitatum, the primary cause of green mould disease in citrus fruits. In vitro fumigant assays, Satureja montana essential oil exhibits the highest inhibition percentage against P. digitatum. In vivo experiments confirmed the efficacy of S. montana oil in reducing fungal growth on mandarins. Further analysis of different parameters revealed potential alterations in fruit quality attributes based on ripening, acidity, and firmness. Therefore, essential oils could be a potential alternative and eco-friendly approach for postharvest disease management in citrus fruits, contributing to efforts towards food safety, environmental sustainability, and public health.

Testing the effect of magnesium oxid nanoparticles in combating the Penicillium digitatum, which causes green leaf disease in range fruits

Testing the effect of magnesium oxid nanoparticles in combating the Penicillium digitatum, which causes green leaf disease in range fruits

تأثير مستخلصي الثوم والنيم في مكافحة مسبب مرض نسيج العنكبوت والعفن الاخضر في محصول الفطر الابيض Agaricus bisporus

The study was conducted to control cobweb disease caused by Cladobotryum dendroides and green mold disease caused by Trichoderma aggressivum, which infect the white fungus Agaricus bisporus crop. The laboratory results on the pathogenicity of the two pathogenic fungi showed their ability to cause infection in the white fungus and the emergence of symptoms. The addition of garlic and neem extracts, separately, at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) to the media, potato dextrose agar (PDA), led to a significant decrease in the percentage of inhibition of pathogenic fungi C. dendroides and T. aggressivum. The highest inhibition rates obtained when using garlic extract at a concentration of 1% against the two pathogenic fungi amounted to 62.93 and 74.97%, respectively, while the name extract recorded the highest inhibition rate at the same concentration, reaching 43.47 and 32.37%, respectively. Also, when testing the extracts in the traditional cultivation of white fungus, it was noted that the garlic extract at a concentration of 1% was significantly superior in controlling infection, and no symptoms appeared when using it, the use of plant extracts at different concentrations did not record a significant difference in the period required for the emergence of fungal pins compared to the control treatment without a pathogen, the highest amount of white fungus production was 1000 g/bag when using garlic extract at a concentration of 0.5% in the presence of the pathogen C. dendroides, while the highest amount of production was 1355.0 g/bag when using neem extract at a concentration of 0.25% when infected with the pathogen T. aggressivum.

Leafhoppers as vectors of phytoplasma diseases in Canadian berry crops: a review in the face of climate change

Abstract Climate change has facilitated the introduction, establishment, and movement of invasive species in northern regions, enabling the colonization of previously unsuitable areas. While the responses of insects to these changes have been increasingly studied, our understanding of how such alterations impact trophic interactions still requires further research to make reliable predictions about the spread of diseases in a warming world. Phytoplasmas, a group of obligate parasitic unculturable Mollicutes, primarily rely on leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) for transmission, spread, and survival. Phytoplasmas are associated with over 600 diseases affecting more than 1,000 plant species, including berries, grapevines, and other small fruits. In North America, diseases such as grapevine yellows, blueberry stunt, and strawberry green petal diseases have been linked to phytoplasma strains transmitted by known leafhopper species. However, the number of phytoplasma diseases has significantly increased in North America over the past decade, suggesting the presence of unidentified vectors or an abundance of leafhopper vectors. This short review provides an overview of the current knowledge on leafhoppers as vectors of phytoplasmas to berries, focusing on the last decade’s research in Canada. This paper also explores the potential implications of climate change on this pathosystem, including the anticipated range expansion of leafhopper species, changes in phytoplasma acquisition and transmission, and the risk of new leafhopper-transmitted plant-pathogen introductions through the arrival of new leafhopper species.

Edukasi pengetahuan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan daun insulin di Desa Jambi Kecil Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

The insulin plant (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) is a flowering plant with orange-colored flowers that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It can be cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens or green spaces and used in traditional medicine. The benefits and potential of this plant are numerous, including its use as green manure, pest, and disease control, fodder for livestock, soil and water conservation, and its potential in traditional treatments for urinary tract infections, digestive issues, and diabetes management. This community service aims to enhance public knowledge regarding using insulin plant leaves as crude drugs for diabetes treatment. The method employed involves conducting informational sessions through lectures followed by a question-and-answer session. The results show the community learned about using insulin plants as a diabetes remedy. The community's knowledge about using insulin plants as a traditional remedy as a decoction for diabetes treatment increased to 100%.