Green Cube Research Articles

Turning Berlin green frameworks into cubic crystals for cathodes with high-rate capability

One-pot synthesized Berlin green cubes exhibit enhanced rate capability and cycle life when employed as a lithium-ion battery cathode.

Mass storage interface LTSM for FAIR Phase 0 data acquisition

Since 2018 several FAIR Phase 0 beamtimes have been operated at GSI, Darmstadt. Here the new challenging technologies for the upcoming FAIR facility shall be tested while various physics experiments are performed with the existing GSI accelerators. One of these challenges concerns the performance, reliability, and scalability of the experiment data storage. Raw data as collected by event building software of large scale detector data acquisition has to be safely written to a mass storage system like a magnetic tape library. Besides this long term archive, it is often required to process this data as soon as possible on a high performance compute farm. The C library LTSM (“Lightweight Tivoli Storage Management”) has been developed at the GSI IT department based on the IBM TSM software. It provides a file API that allows for writing raw listmode data files via TCP/IP sockets directly to an IBM TSM storage server. Moreover, the LTSM library offers Lustre HSM (“Hierarchical Storage Management”) capabilities for seamlessly archiving and retrieving data stored on Lustre file system and TSM server. In spring 2019 LTSM has been employed at the FAIR Phase 0 beamtimes at GSI. For the HADES experiment LTSM was implemented into the DABC (“Data Acquisition Backbone Core”) event building software. During the 4 weeks of Ag+Ag@1.58 AGeV beam, the HADES event builders have transferred about 400 TB of data via 8 parallel 10 GbE sockets, both to the TSM archive and to the “GSI green cube” HPC farm. For other FAIR Phase 0 experiments using the vintage MBS (“Multi Branch System”) event builders, an LTSM gateway application has been developed to connect the legacy RFIO (“Remote File I/O”) protocol of these DAQ systems with the new storage interface.

Representing multiple object weights: competing priors and sensorimotor memories

When lifting an object, individuals scale lifting forces based on long-term priors relating external object properties (such as material and size) to object weight. When experiencing objects that are poorly predicted by priors, people rapidly form and update sensorimotor memories that can be used to predict an object's atypical size-weight relation in support of predictively scaling lift forces. With extensive experience in lifting such objects, long-term priors, assessed with weight judgments, are gradually updated. The aim of the present study was to understand the formation and updating of these memory processes. Participants lifted, over multiple days, a set of black cubes with a normal size-weight mapping and green cubes with an inverse size-weight mapping. Sensorimotor memory was assessed with lifting forces, and priors associated with the black and green cubes were assessed with the size-weight illusion (SWI). Interference was observed in terms of adaptation of the SWI, indicating that priors were not independently adjusted. Half of the participants rapidly learned to scale lift forces appropriately, whereas reduced learning was observed in the others, suggesting that individual differences may be affecting sensorimotor memory abilities. A follow-up experiment showed that lifting forces are not accurately scaled to objects when concurrently performing a visuomotor association task, suggesting that sensorimotor memory formation involves cognitive resources to instantiate the mapping between object identity and weight, potentially explaining the results of experiment 1 These results provide novel insight into the formation and updating of sensorimotor memories and provide support for the independent adjustment of sensorimotor memory and priors.

Beyond the Green Cube: Typologies of Experience at American Sculpture Parks

Many writings on American sculpture parks and sculpture gardens open with a lyrical description of a sculpture inhabiting “Nature,” becoming a part of the landscape through washes of rain or snow a...

Asymmetrically Functionalized Graphene for Photodependent Diode Rectifying Behavior

Both sides of the sheet: A simple method is described for functionalizing the two surfaces of individual graphene sheets with different nanoparticles in either a patterned or nonpatterned fashion. Graphene sheets with ZnO and Au nanoparticles on their opposite surfaces show a strong photodependent diodelike rectifying behavior (see picture; pink spheres=ZnO, green cubes=Au, blue triangle=AFM tip).

The green cube: an arcadian site for minimalism at Storm King

In an article that reads more like a manifesto, ‘A sedimentation of the mind: earth projects’, published in Artforum in September 1968, the artist Robert Smithson contrasted the work of his contemp...

Some Relationships Between Early Experience and Later Social Behavior in Ducklings 1)

Three experiments were performed to investigate the effects of certain kinds of early experiences upon the later behavior, primarily social, of Peking ducklings. 1. Experiment I investigated whether the age at which exposure to a green cube occurred and whether any exposure that occurred had any effect upon the later preference shown by the Ss for the cube versus a duck model. Also varied was whether Ss were raised as pairs or as isolates. Subjects exposed to the cube during the age for imprinting showed stronger following of the cube than did Ss exposed during the age for avoidance. However, these groups did not differ in their later preference for the cube in the choice test. Whether Ss were raised as pairs or isolates did not affect their following scores or their preference scores but had a marked effect upon their later flocking behavior. Pair raised Ss flocked readily, while isolate reared Ss ran from each other. However, isolate reared Ss that were exposed to a moving cube during the critical period for imprinting showed stronger flocking behavior than other Ss. The fear shown by the isolate reared birds was readily overcome by 22 hours confinement in groups of 3 or 4 in a 3 foot cubicle. 2. Experiment II investigated the effects of primacy versus recency upon later preference behavior. Subjects were exposed daily to a moving cube or a companion duckling, some Ss experiencing the cube the first five days and the duck the next 5 days. Other Ss experienced them in the reverse order, while a third group had no exposure the first 5 days and were exposed to the cube the next 5 days. All Ss were then given a choice between the moving cube and a live duckling. The results of this experiment showed that exposure to an object early in life leads to better following of another object later than does no early exposure. Also there was evidence that both primacy and recency are important, but, other things being equal, a live duckling is a stronger stimulus for approach behavior than is a green cube. 3. Experiment III was designed to determine whether the age at which exposure to another duckling occurred would affect the rate at which a S would later run to get to a stimulus duckling. It was found that the age of exposure was not nearly so important as the length of the exposure-test interval. Apparently the shorter this interval, the faster the S will run. 4. In general it was found that imprinting is not necessary to later social behavior, since birds raised in isolation show flocking behavior after confinement in close quarters. There was also evidence that imprinting is not necessarily object specific for Ss exposed during the critical period for imprinting can transfer to other objects more successfully than Ss not so exposed. There was some evidence that, other things being equal, a S is likely to prefer the imprint object to other objects. The question of relative potency of stimulus objects was raised when Ss showed a marked preference for a sibling duck over a green cube, regardless of the pattern of previous exposure to the two objects. If Ss have not had the opportunity to imprint and establish social behavior before the fear response occurs, it is still possible to socialize these Ss by confining them for a period of time in close quarters. The social behavior thus established is not apparently different from that established during the critical period for imprinting. In fact, the fertile eggs, from which the subjects of these experiments were hatched, came from a flock of ducks which had been raised as isolates until 25 days of age.