Green Corn Research Articles

Corrosion rate of canned green corn packaging studied by linear polarization

A folha de Flandres é altamente resistente, maleável e tem boa soldabilidade, é facilmente reciclada, o que a torna ideal para a embalagem de alimentos e bebidas. No entanto, uma grande desvantagem é a sua suscetibilidade à corrosão. Em alimentos ácidos, a interação entre a embalagem e o alimento leva à dissolução de metais como o ferro e o estanho que compõem a embalagem. Neste estudo, a salmoura do milho verde enlatado foi caracterizado quanto ao seu valor de pH (6,3), grau Brix (5,0 oBrix), concentração de Cl- (1,2 g/L) e densidade (1,1 g/mL). Amostras das três partes da lata (tampa, corpo e fundo) com e sem verniz foram estudadas quanto à corrosão eletroquímica através de curvas de Tafel em diferentes condições de pH, Cl- e temperatura. Através da análise estatística também foi estudada a influência destes fatores na taxa de corrosão (CR) via planejamento fatorial 2^3 com triplicata no ponto central. O estudo mostrou que os fatores estudados tiveram uma influência significativa na CR apenas para a amostra sem verniz. O verniz foi caracterizado como uma resina epóxi fenólica de acordo com a reflectância total atenuada para medidas de espetroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR/ATR). A eficiência da inibição da corrosão promovida pelo verniz foi confirmada pela comparação dos valores de energia de ativação para o processo de corrosão, que foram de 154,3 kJ/mol e 42,97 kJ/mol para as amostras com e sem verniz, respetivamente. Assim, neste trabalho, foram quantificados os principais elementos na corrosão da folha de Flandres, de forma a contribuir para a utilização deste importante tipo de embalagem.

Physiological quality of green corn seeds under water stress conditions

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of green corn seeds subjected to water stress. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of two corn hybrids (AG1051 and BRS3046) and five osmotic potentials (0; -0.4; -0.8; -1.2 and – 1.6 MPa) simulated with aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment, totaling 40 experimental units. The analyzed variables were: water content, germination, root protrusion, final root protrusion, germination speed index, root length and coleoptile length. There was a significant effect of the interaction between hybrid factors and osmotic potentials for all analyzed variables, except for final root protrusion, which showed an isolated effect for the two factors studied. The results obtained indicated a higher percentage of germination and initial development of green corn seedlings for green corn seeds, hybrids AG1051 and BRS3046 at the osmotic potential of 0.0 MPa. The germination and vigor of green corn seeds decrease under water stress conditions from the osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa induced by PEG 6000, inhibiting the development of normal seedlings, affecting seed viability. Hybrid AG1051 presents superior germination and vigor compared to BRS3046.

Impacts of the tillage systems on the production of green corn (Zea mays L.) in long‐term plots in Northeastern Brazil

AbstractIn the current global context of climate change and the increasing demand for sustainability, optimizing agricultural production is very important in order to meet the demands for food and to mitigate environmental impact. To achieve sustainable agricultural production, particularly in regions with tropical soil and climate conditions, is necessary to adopt conservation‐oriented techniques. This includes no‐tillage system, the use of soil‐cover crops, and the application of inoculants. The objective of this research was, at the end of the 22nd cropping season, to assess the influence of soil compaction in the production of green corn (Zea mays L.) in a long‐term field experiment. This study was conducted under different soil tillage systems in a Red‐Yellow Ultisol from the Coastal Tablelands of northeastern Brazil. Three soil tillage systems were applied: Conventional Tillage (CT), Minimum Tillage (MT), and No‐tillage (NT). These were combined with four previous crops: cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncacea), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum), as well as two levels of nitrogen fertilizer application: (1) 100% of the recommended N dose, and (2) 50% of the recommended N dose plus Azospirillum brasilense inoculant. The experimental design consisted of strip plots with subplots divided and randomized within each strip, with three replications. Soil compaction was assessed using parameters of soil density (SD) and soil mechanical resistance to penetration (MRP) in conjunction with moisture content (MC). The principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that conservation‐oriented systems exhibited greater soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, leading to increased productivity of commercial green corn cobs. The synergistic effect of diversifying previous crops and adopting conservation tillage systems, especially in soils under long‐term tillage, resulted in heightened productivity of commercial green corn ears.

UAS Quality Control and Crop Three-Dimensional Characterization Framework Using Multi-Temporal LiDAR Data

Information on a crop’s three-dimensional (3D) structure is important for plant phenotyping and precision agriculture (PA). Currently, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been proven to be the most effective tool for crop 3D characterization in constrained, e.g., indoor environments, using terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs). In recent years, affordable laser scanners onboard unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have been available for commercial applications. UAS laser scanners (ULSs) have recently been introduced, and their operational procedures are not well investigated particularly in an agricultural context for multi-temporal point clouds. To acquire seamless quality point clouds, ULS operational parameter assessment, e.g., flight altitude, pulse repetition rate (PRR), and the number of return laser echoes, becomes a non-trivial concern. This article therefore aims to investigate DJI Zenmuse L1 operational practices in an agricultural context using traditional point density, and multi-temporal canopy height modeling (CHM) techniques, in comparison with more advanced simulated full waveform (WF) analysis. Several pre-designed ULS flights were conducted over an experimental research site in Fargo, North Dakota, USA, on three dates. The flight altitudes varied from 50 m to 60 m above ground level (AGL) along with scanning modes, e.g., repetitive/non-repetitive, frequency modes 160/250 kHz, return echo modes (1n), (2n), and (3n), were assessed over diverse crop environments, e.g., dry corn, green corn, sunflower, soybean, and sugar beet, near to harvest yet with changing phenological stages. Our results showed that the return echo mode (2n) captures the canopy height better than the (1n) and (3n) modes, whereas (1n) provides the highest canopy penetration at 250 kHz compared with 160 kHz. Overall, the multi-temporal CHM heights were well correlated with the in situ height measurements with an R2 (0.99–1.00) and root mean square error (RMSE) of (0.04–0.09) m. Among all the crops, the multi-temporal CHM of the soybeans showed the lowest height correlation with the R2 (0.59–0.75) and RMSE (0.05–0.07) m. We showed that the weaker height correlation for the soybeans occurred due to the selective height underestimation of short crops influenced by crop phonologies. The results explained that the return echo mode, PRR, flight altitude, and multi-temporal CHM analysis were unable to completely decipher the ULS operational practices and phenological impact on acquired point clouds. For the first time in an agricultural context, we investigated and showed that crop phenology has a meaningful impact on acquired multi-temporal ULS point clouds compared with ULS operational practices revealed by WF analyses. Nonetheless, the present study established a state-of-the-art benchmark framework for ULS operational parameter optimization and 3D crop characterization using ULS multi-temporal simulated WF datasets.

Agronomic performance of green corn at different sowing times and nitrogen doses

The present study aimed to identify the best sowing time and the best nitrogen dose in topdressing of the corn crop for "green ear" consumption. The experiment was conducted between October 2018 and June 2019 in a commercial crop, in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil. The soil in the experimental area is classified as dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol with clayey texture. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with five sowing times [1st (10/19/2018); 2nd (11/29/2018); 3rd (01/08/2019); 4th (02/18/2019) and 5th (03/28/2019)], implemented with 40 days intervals, after the first sowing, and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1), with four replicates. The following factors were evaluated for each sowing time: relative chlorophyll index, leaf dry mass, leaf nitrogen content, plant height, first ear insertion height, ears diameter and length, the total yield of ears with husks, the yield of commercial ears without husks and grain yield. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance (F-test). The sowing times and nitrogen doses in topdressing influenced the leaf nitrogen content, relative chlorophyll index, leaf dry mass, yield, and most of its components. Thus, it can be indicated that the best time for sowing corn for fresh consumption is in October (1st sowing time), and the estimated nitrogen dose in topdressing to obtain the maximum yield is 160 kg ha-1 of nitrogen.

Technical efficiency of forage production from residues of green corn (Zea mays L.) in Sergipe, Brazil

Technical efficiency of forage production from residues of green corn (Zea mays L.) in Sergipe, Brazil

Forraje verde hidropónico como alternativa alimenticia en pollos de engorde (gallus gallus domesticus)

Broilers are part of the Colombian diet in a significant way, for which most of their production is done using concentrates, representing a high cost in their production and a dependence on these. Finally, the use of hydroponic green corn fodder, and an organic diet based on cassava, produced in the area of ​​the experiment, is proposed to identify if it is efficient in terms of weight gain, against a commercial feed. Carrying out the breeding of 16 chickens to which 8 are supplied with the diet of hydroponic green fodder with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and the other 8 a commercial diet, analyzing the weekly weight gain of each group and in the same conditions. weather and location. Resulting in a small study group for the analysis of the food supplied.

Análise dos custos de produção do milho verde sob sistemas de cultivo no Tabuleiro Costeiro Sergipano

Abstract: Although many green corn producers manage their agricultural properties informally, the production of this vegetable is socioeconomically relevant to the Brazilian Northeast. This work aims to estimate and analyze the production costs, profitability and return of green corn in different cultivation systems, in the Coastal Tablelands of Sergipano. For this purpose, data were collected from the 16th to the 18th year of cultivation of a long-term experiment, in a strip experimental design, where each strip corresponds to the soil management system (conventional cultivation (CC), no-tillage (PD)) and minimum cultivation (CM)), and four previous crops (Beans Caupí, Crotalária, Guandu and Milheto) were randomized to corn. Production costs, Gross revenue, Operating profit, Profitability index and Leveling point were determined. Greater productivity and Gross revenue were observed in the PD, and greater disbursements in the CC (R$ 8,184.59). PD had highest operating profit and profitability ratio, where Guandu/PD had the best performance (R$ 8,847.18 and 52.02% respectively). Guandu/CC presented negative operating profit and profitability index, characterizing itself as a non-viable alternative for the farmer. The identification and analysis of production costs is an important tool, as it enables the identification of more profitable crops, being the PD the most recommended.

Nitrogen fertilization split in green corn under rainfed system

The objective of this work was evaluating the nitrogen fertilization splitting on the performance of green corn, grown in rainfed system. The experiment was carried out in Forquilha, Ceará state. Two varieties of corn (Sweet and Gorutuba) were used in the experiment, grown in five types of nitrogen fertilization in the crop cycle (one; three; six; nine and twelve applications). The variables evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves of the plant, plant fresh mass, plant dry mass, ear mass plant-1, marketable ear mass plant-1, marketable husked ear mass plant-1, marketable unhusked ear mass plant-1, number of ear plant-1, number of marketable ear plant-1, length of husked marketable ear, length of marketable unhusked ear, diameter of marketable husked ear, diameter of marketable unhooked ear, number of rows marketable ear-1 and number of grains row-1 of marketable ear. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test (P < 0.05) and the treatment means were compared by the test of Tukey (P < 0.05) and subjected to regression analysis. It was observed that the split of nitrogen fertilization promoted the development of the two varieties of corn studied. It was found that the split, performed in six applications, provided greater vegetative and reproductive development of the corn varieties.

The Galactagogue Effect of Maternal Ingestion of Corn-Based Preparations: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Low human milk production frequently occurs in mothers of premature children with low birth weights who require intensive care. Research Aims: To investigate whether corn-based preparations increase human milk production in women with insufficient milk volumes. Method: This was an intervention study evaluated whether there was an increase in human milk production after a mother's consumption of corn-based preparations. The participants included women with hypogalactia and mothers of infants in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. The corn-based preparations included green corn cakes and sweet hominies. A total of 35 mother-infant pairs participated in this study. Each mother served as their own control. The study took place over 2 weeks, and data were collected at baseline and after the intervention. At baseline, a socioeconomic questionnaire was used to collect information regarding maternal food consumption, volume of milk expressed, and infant weight and length. All evaluations, except for questionnaire administration, were performed during the intervention phase, when the lactating women ingested the corn-based preparations. Results: A significantly higher average volume of milk was expressed in the intervention period (397.6 ± 182.6 mL/day) compared to baseline (343.6 ± 155.8 mL/day) on the paired t-test (p < 0.001) analysis. Neither energy nor macronutrients consumed correlated with milk volume. Conclusion: The tested corn-based preparations acted as galactagogues and could be used to stimulate milk production in lactating women.

APTITUDE OF IMPROVED HALF-SIB PROGENIES FOR GREEN CORN PRODUCTION

The objectives of this study were to evaluate improved half-sib progenies with an aptitude for green maize production in terms of agronomic adaptation and ear yield potential. The experiment was installed in the 2017/2018 harvest without a randomized block design with three replications. Two commercial controls (variety CatiVerde 02 and hybrid AG 1051) were used with 98 half-sib progenies. The genotypes were formulated to optimize the agronomic characteristics of plant height, male and female cycles, and ear insertion height. At stage R3 (milky grain), ears were harvested to evaluate commercial ear length, commercial ear diameter, the total number of ears, the total number of commercial ears, the percentage of commercial ears, the average mass of commercial ears, and productivity of commercial ears. From the analysis of variance, the genetic parameters were estimated by the mathematical expectation of the mean squares of the sources of variation. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, followed by genotype grouping by genetic dissimilarity using the UPGMA method. The resulting genetic parameters demonstrated high variability among progenies, indicating potential genetic gain with artificial selection. The PCA enabled 30 half-sib progenies to be selected, highlighting the P-32, which stood out with an average yield of 14,230 kg ha-1. The UPGMA clustering method revealed five genetically different groups and eight divided progenies. The results clearly demonstrated the existence of favorable genetic variability among the progenies of corn half-sibs, making them well suited to green corn production for fresh consumption.

INDICADORES PRODUTIVOS DE CULTIVARES DE MILHO VERDE EM DIFERENTES DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS

ABSTRACT Specific cultivars for production of green corn, more productive and adapted to the conditions of each region, combined with adequate population density, can increase the yield of the crop. This work aimed to identify, under different plant densities, the cultivars with agronomic characteristics for the production of green corn. The experiment was conducted from March to June 2018, in the experimental area of the Technical College of Teresina, at the Federal University of Piauí. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme, with three plant densities (40,000, 50,000 and 60,000 plants ha−1) and two corn cultivars (AG 1051 and BRS 3046). The variables evaluated were the diameter and length of the commercial green ear, the yield, the percentage of commercial green ear and the length of the period between the emergence (VE) and the flowering stage (VT) of the cultivars in relation to the accumulated number of degree-days (ADD). In terms of cycle (period between VE and VT), the hybrid AG 1051 was later, with 47 days after emergence (DAE) and 823.23 ADD, than the BRS 3046 (44 DAE and 773.32 ADD); however, there was an acceleration of the period of vegetative development in the hybrids, which ranged from 43 (773.32 ADD) to 47 (828.23 ADD) days, respectively, so that there was male flowering. With the increase in densities, there was decrease in the values of production. The highest yield of commercial ears (15.45 Mg ha-1) was obtained at a density of 50,000 plants ha−1.

AGRONOMIC YIELD AND POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF BABY CORN UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Baby corn is a growing crop in the agricultural setting, however there is still a lack of research in the area of fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on agronomic yield and quality of baby corn. Outlined in randomized blocks with four replications, the treatments consisted of five levels of nitrogen fertilization (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%), based on the recommended dose for green corn crop (150 kg ha-1 of N). After harvesting, the following agronomic variables were evaluated: Number, productivity, dry matter, length and diameter of commercial and non-commercial spikelets. And the variables of post-harvest quality were: Soluble Solids, Titratable Acidity, Ratio of soluble solids and titratable acidity, Hydrogen-ion potential and firmness. Nitrogen fertilization at 150 kg ha-1 resulted in an increase in the total number of spikelets per hectare, around 405,000. There was an increase in productivity due to the increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization, with maximum yield of 4.4 t ha-1 at a dose of 165 kg ha-1 of N. The soluble solids content presented a maximum of 10.05 ° Brix with the N applied to 222 kg ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization around 150 to 165 kg ha-1 increases the agronomic yield of the crop, without affecting its characteristics of quality.

Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

ABSTRACT Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

Simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole and its two metabolites in corn under field conditions by LC-MS/MS.

An improved QuEChERS method was established and verified for simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolites diketonitrile and benzoic acid analogue residues in corn and plants. This method was mainly used to study the digestion rule and final residue level of isoxaflutole and its metabolites in corn and plants. It was hoped that the safe use of isoxaflutole in corn can be achieved eventually. The method was completed by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The extraction of the target substance was through acetonitrile solution containing 1% acetic acid, and the purification was through primary secondary amine, octadecylsilane and graphitized carbon black sorbent. In the method, the quantitative limits and detection limits of the three analytes were 0.005-0.01 and 0.001-0.003 mg kg-1 respectively. The half-life of isoxaflutole in the plants in Shandong and Anhui was 36.4 and 42.1 days respectively, and the digestion dynamics all conformed to the first-order kinetics. The final residues of isoxaflutole in green corn and mature corn were less than 0.02 mg kg-1 of the maximum residue limit set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The residual amount of isoxaflutole in corn and plants at harvest time was acceptable when isoxaflutole was applied once at a dose of 121.5g a.i. ha-1 . © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Risk Profiling of Fumonisin in Corn (Zea mays L.) to the Filipino Consuming Population

The Fusarium fungus is known to produce fumonisin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin associated with chronic adverse health effects in animal liver and kidney, which is commonly found in corn (Zea mays L.), one of the major agricultural crops and staple foods in the Philippines. The objective of this study was to develop a profile of the potential risks associated with the consumption of corn contaminated with fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2). This study involved the determination of data gaps in the risk profiling process; identification, and characterization of fumonisin; estimation of the dietary exposure (DE) and risk based on identified uncertainties, variabilities, and assumptions; and determination of available risk management options for fumonisin in corn. Fumonisin levels of corn samples (n = 77) were all below the 4000 μg/kg maximum level (ML) set in the 2019 edition of the Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Foods (Codex GSCTFF) for raw corn grains. At the 97.5th percentile consumption of corn [yellow, white, green (or sweet) corn; edible portions (corn kernels)], the calculated DE estimates of the Filipino adult (20–59 yr old) exceeded the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 2 μg/kg bw (body weight)/d by 420.17% (maximum FB1), 194.30% (maximum FB2), and 189.81% (overall FB1 mean). Considering the assumptions made and the gathered data in this study, the estimated DE to fumonisin in corn showed an appreciable risk to health. The current ML of fumonisin in corn and corn products adopted from Codex GSCTFF may be in need to be revisited to ensure the protection of the adult Filipino consuming population.

EFFECTS OF VERMICOMPOST, CHEMICAL FERTILIZER AND DIFFERENT BIOPESTICIDES ON THE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS, SENSORY QUALITY AND GRAIN PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF CORN (ZEA MAYS)

This study was conducted to look for alternative measures to sustain the profitability of cultivating green corn by using different fertilizers and biopesticides. 2x5 factorial experiment in split-plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication this was conducted at Brgy. Matikiw, Pakil Laguna fromDecember 2019 to March 2020. With the following treatments.A1 – vernicompost + urea and A2 –Chemical fertilizer, B1 – Control, B2 - Kakawate leaf extract (Gliricidiasepium), B3 - Makabuhay vine extract (Tinosporarumphii), B4 - Tagbak leave extract (Alipiniamalaccensis) and B5 - Acapulco leaf extract (Cassia alata).Result revealed that there was no interaction effect between biopesticide and fertilizer materials in growth and yield characteristics of corn plants. There is no interaction effect between biopesticide and different fertilizer materials on the growth characteristics in terms of number of days from sowing to emergence, silking to harvesting, weekly plant height and in all of parameter in yield components of green corn. The earliest emergence, earliest number of days from silking to harvesting, highest number of corn ear, highest biological yield, longest length were observed on the green corn with application of vermicompost + urea while earliest number of days from emergence to silking, tallest height, largest diameter, most number of corn kernels were observed on the green corn with application of farmers practice regardless of biopesticides. The study recommends further testing on the application of vermicompost + urea and acapulco, tagbak and kakawate leaf extracts at different levels of concentration is recommended.

EFECTO DEL FORRAJE VERDE HIDROPÓNICO SUPLEMENTADO CON UN PROBIÓTICO SOBRE EL COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO Y LA CALIDAD NUTRICIONAL DEL POLLO DE ENGORDA

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background. &lt;/strong&gt;Partial replacement of the diet in broilers with hydroponic green forage results in a decrease in feed costs. Supplementation with probiotics improves the health status of chickens and their productive efficiency. &lt;strong&gt;Objective. &lt;/strong&gt;Evaluate the partial replacement in the diet of broilers with the inclusion of hydroponic green corn fodder (FVH) supplemented with a yeast (&lt;em&gt;Debaryomyces hansenii&lt;/em&gt;) as a probiotic, on some productive characteristics. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology. &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 360 day old chickens were randomly assigned to one of five treatments, with five repetitions per treatment and 18 chickens for replication. The experimental period lasted 39 days during which food and water were provided &lt;em&gt;ad libitum.&lt;/em&gt; The treatments consisted of five experimental diets: T1 = usual diet (UD) without yeast, as a control; T2 = 80% UD and 20% FVH supplemented with yeast (8 x 108); T3 = 60% UD and 40% FVH supplemented with yeast (8 x 108); T4 = UD plus yeast as a probiotic added in drinking water.&lt;strong&gt; Results. &lt;/strong&gt;It was observed that the food consumption was lower in the animals that received the probiotic treatments (T2-T4) in relation to those that were fed with the control treatment. Similarly, food consumption was lower (P&amp;lt;0.05) in the treatment in which the probiotic was supplied in the drinking water (T4), compared to the treatments in which the probiotic was added in the FVH irrigation (T2 and T3). The addition of the probiotic in the water compared to the probiotic in the forage resulted in a greater weight gain (P&amp;lt;0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Implications. &lt;/strong&gt;The partial replacement of the balanced feed with FVH is feasible and reduces the production costs of the broiler. The addition of &lt;em&gt;Debaryomyces hansenii&lt;/em&gt; in the drinking water, reduces the consumption of food without affecting the weight gain, thus improving the productive efficiency. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion. &lt;/strong&gt;It is possible to substitute the diet of the broiler with up to 40% FVH without affecting its productive characteristics. Supplementation with &lt;em&gt;Debaryomyces hansenii&lt;/em&gt; improves the productive efficiency of broilers.&lt;/p&gt;

Successive crops of broccoli, green corn and pea after taro (Colocasia esculenta)-sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) consortium

Aiming to assess the residual effect of the biomass of the taro-sunn hemp consortium on the performance of the successive crops of broccoli, green corn and peas, an experiment, with 11 treatments, corresponding to the cutting of Crotalaria juncea in the taro-sunn hemp consortium (55, 70, 85, 100, 115, 130, 145, 160, 190 and 220 days after sowing - DAS) plus a control treatment (Colocasia esculenta), was performed. Soil samples were collected and chemical analysis was performed before crop establishment. Plant characteristics and productivity of broccoli, green corn and pea pods were assessed. There were no major changes in soil chemical composition. Higher values of inflorescence fresh matter and broccoli yield were observed in the treatments in which cuts of Crotalaria juncea occurred 145 DAS. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cuttings provided higher corn plants and a greater fresh matter of spikes with straw and productivity of commercial ears, compared to the control. There was no residual effect on the characteristics evaluated for pea. The residual effect of Crotalaria juncea cropped in a consortium with Colocasia esculenta increases broccoli yield when cut from 145 DAS and corn cropped in succession.

Parameters and operation process of supplier rollers of the feed chopper device

At present time livestock, poultry and fish farming are being developed in Uzbekistan. In the feeding of livestock, poultry and fish, green feed ensures their rapid growth and reduces the accumulation of excess fat in them. For this reason, a chopper is developed for cutting green alfalfa, corn and legume stalks. Since the number of revolutions of the same transmission gears depends on the number of revolutions of the same feed to the feed chopping drum in the device, the number of revolutions of the feeders has been studied theoretically and experimentally. According to the theoretical studies, it was found that with the increase in the number of revolutions of the feed mills in the feed crusher, the work efficiency of the device increased and the cutting length decreased. In the experiments, the number of revolutions of the device chopping drum was set at 1500 rpm, and the number of revolutions of the jaws was varied from 100 rpm to 200 rpm. In experimental studies, the chopping quality of green corn and alfalfa stalks was at the demand level when the number of revolutions of the transmitters was 100 rpm to 175 rpm. However, when the number of revolutions of the transfer shafts was 100 rpm, the working efficiency of the grinder decreased by 1.3-1.4 times compared to the number of revolutions of the jaws 175 rpm. It is therefore advisable that the number of revolutions of the grinder bean be 175 rpm.