Green Card Research Articles

International STEM Graduate Students: A Key to Strengthening the American Economy and Building Competitiveness

The United States (US) is renowned for offering world-class education to thousands of international students seeking advanced degrees in the STEM fields. However, the US is at risk of losing a significant portion of this talent due to limited visa options. While US funds and resources are invested in training international STEM graduate students, many students are compelled to leave the US for other countries with more favorable visa policies. This potential loss of talent is particularly concerning as China is poised to overtake the US in Research and Development (R&D) investment, while countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, along with China, are seeking to attract foreign high-skilled STEM talents with their visa programs. STEM jobs comprise 48% of the 100 fastest growing jobs in the US while STEM industries such as the semiconductor sector already struggle to meet their growing demand for high-skilled workers. These demands can be alleviated by international STEM graduate students. In order for Congress to leverage this economic opportunity before losing American-trained students to other countries, we propose the following: i) Exempt international STEM graduate students from the visa requirement of proving their intent to leave the US after graduation, ii) Increase or circumvent the annual numerical employment green card cap for international STEM graduate students, iii) Extend the unemployment grace period for H-1B and OPT visa holders to allow sufficient time to find a new job.

Cross-sectional study of assessment of lung cancer (LC) screening awareness in an underserved community in the Bronx, New York.

155 Background: LC remains the second most diagnosed cancer but is the leading cause of cancer death in the USA, accounting for 21% of all cancer deaths. Despite advances in screening and treatment, it remains the principal cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Notably, survival rates have improved from 21% to 25% over the past 5 years. However, LC screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is underutilized, with only 5.8% of eligible individuals screened in 2021. Methods: A prospective 29-question survey was conducted at St. Barnabas Health Care System in the Bronx, NY, from February to April 2024. The survey included patients aged 50-80, both former and active smokers. Data on demographics, social determinants, and knowledge of LC and LDCT screening were collected and processed using JASP Version 0.18.3. The study aimed to assess the community's knowledge of lung cancer screening, with demographic characteristics as secondary outcomes. Results: From all the surveys collected, 115 met the inclusion criteria, 53% male (61) and 47% female (54), with no significant difference between proportions (p=0.576). The median age was 63 years. Race: 73% were Hispanic, 22% Black, and 5% White, with significant differences from an equal distribution (p< 0.001). Legal Status, citizens (74%), followed by green card holders (17%). Most of the patients lived in the USA for over 20 years (90%), with very few having lived for less than five years (1%), indicating a long-term residency trend (p < 0.001). Education Level: high school education was the most common (58%), followed by middle school (17%) and elementary school (15%). Doctorate and graduate degrees were less common (7%). 91% of patients were aware of the relationship between cigarette smoking and LC, while 9% did not (p<0.001). On the other hand, 66% believed there was a relationship between e-cigarette use and LC, while 44% believed there was not. Patients with an income greater than $50,000 have significantly more knowledge of the screening tool for LC (STLC), as indicated by a Chi-square value of 50.87 (p < 0.05, with a critical value of 5.99). Patients with low education levels have less knowledge of the existing STLC, with a Chi-square of 143.587 (p<0.05 and a critical value of 9.488). Conclusions: Our study highlights critical disparities in LC awareness and knowledge of screening tools among different demographic groups. There is a clear need for targeted educational initiatives, especially for lower-income and less-educated populations, to improve understanding of LC risks associated with both traditional and electronic cigarette use. The significant presence of long-term Hispanic residents suggests that culturally tailored interventions could be particularly effective. Addressing these gaps is essential for enhancing lung cancer prevention and early detection efforts across diverse communities.

Exploring Dropouts as Challenges in Higher Education in Nepal: A Comprehensive Review

The purpose of this study is to analyse the dropout rate of campus level of students in Nepal. The researchers adopted the process of scientific review as a meta-synthesis to analyse the dropout rate of the campus level students. An in-depth archival analysis followed by an intensive review would be strategies adopted during the scientific review. Secondary data was gathered by searching Google for scholarly publications and articles published between 2001 and 2024. The students want part-time jobs during the study. Such opportunities are less common in Nepal. The research study revealed that Nepali students gave their first priority to Australia, Canada, the USA, and Europe for their higher studies. After finishing their studies, they desired to stay there due to their job security. They applied for green card and permanently stayed there. On the other hand, Nepal lost young and skilled manpower who stayed abroad as immigrants. The study reveals that government can prevent brain-drain by proving financial assistance and employment opportunities to bachelor’s level students. The Nepalese government should make appropriate policy to retain its young workforce. Otherwise, its adverse impact will be seen soon.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on satisfaction with healthcare services in Türkiye

ObjectivesThis study aims at evaluating whether the healthcare system in Turkey performed well or not from the perspective of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsFor this purpose, we compare the satisfaction with healthcare services pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. We utilize the Life Satisfaction Survey conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) between 2013 and 2021 and employ probit regression method. ResultsThe research results do not show any change in satisfaction with healthcare services in the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021. In addition, the satisfaction with healthcare services of people with health conditions, those without health insurance, and those whose premiums are covered by the state (green card holders) did not decrease during the pandemic period. The analysis results reveal that the satisfaction of people over 65 years old and those having health conditions with healthcare services increased during the pandemic period. ConclusionWhen the findings are evaluated as a whole, we can conclude that Turkey performed well from the users’ perspective during the pandemic. Public interest summaryThis study analyzes the impact of the pandemic on satisfaction with healthcare services in Turkey. To do this, we utilize Life Satisfaction Survey between 2013 and 2021. The regression results indicate that satisfaction with healthcare services has not changed during the pandemic. Moreover, we report an increase in satisfaction scores for elderly and those with health conditions in the pandemic years. We also find satisfaction of people without health insurance, and those whose premiums are covered by the state (green card holders) does not change. Our analysis points Turkey did well in managing pandemic period in terms of healthcare services satisfaction.

Program Kartu Hijau sebagai Peningkatan Siswa Unggul Madrasah Aliyah Darul Huda Mayak Tonatan Ponorogo

The Green Card is a Madrasah Tip to Improve the Quality of Education. Madrasahs play a major role in improving quality based on the renewal and creativity of madrasah managers who are dynamic, energetic, and have many ideas. Madrasah's task is to create highly competitive alumni academic and non-academic matters. This is implemented in the green card program. The green card program is a design or breakthrough implemented at Madrasah Aliyah Darul Huda Mayak Tonatan Ponorogo in developing superior students. This Green Card is a control book in the form of a module expected to improve or create superior students in the religious realm. This research aims to explain and describe the green card program as an Enhancement for Superior Students. This type of research is field research, which is included in qualitative research; the method for preparing or collecting data is by observing, interacting, understanding people in the environment, and documenting data. The data analysis technique used is analytical. The results of this research are that with the provision of the green card program, the competency diversity of students' practices and knowledge is said to be good and exceeds standards.

Can high‐skilled immigrants transfer their human capital to the United States?

AbstractUsing the National Survey of College Graduates, this study examines the return to pre‐ and post‐migration human capital of high‐skilled immigrants in the United States to provide an empirical evaluation of their skill transferability. I find that, on average, high‐skilled immigrants exhibit no wage return to foreign work experience, yet they demonstrate a relatively substantial return to foreign education. Delving into the heterogeneity across gender, occupation, and entry visa categories reveals the subsequent insights: female immigrants transfer less foreign experience and education than males; STEM immigrants are more adept at transferring foreign work experience than their non‐STEM counterparts; temporary work visa holders exhibit a heightened ability to transfer work experience, while green card and dependent visa holders have limited transferability of foreign work experience. Lastly, English proficiency is positively associated with the transferability of work experience.

A New Model On Consumer Behaviour For Green Banking Practices

Green advances, green credit cards, green checking accounts, and green contracts are all portion of current keeping money operations, are online keeping money components. The objective of this inquire about is to recognize a inquire about require and potential inquire about motivation for connecting green keeping money hones of certain chosen commercial and open division banks in India. The reason of this ponder is to make a conceptual show that successfully speaks to the characteristics of green keeping money operations and their relationship to add up to green managing an account client fulfillment. This ponder analyzes the current state of different bank green managing an account hones. The data was accumulated from scholastic diaries and websites. This review-based investigation recognizes the show state of green managing an account hones. The impact of green activities by open and private banks, such as web keeping money, web payments, green installments, and credit card credits, is examined. The investigate hole is computed utilizing the current circumstance and the wanted green action approach. Depending on the investigate hole, diverse investigate destinations to connect green managing an account hones are created and dissected. Keywords: Green banking services, Customer awareness, SWOC analysis framework, Customers’ satisfaction model, Inductive approach, Customer attraction, retention, and delight (CARD) model.

The Bureaucratic Waiting Tolls: Social Consequences of Uncertain and Prolonged Waiting in U.S. Lawful Permanent Residence Processing

This study expands existing sociological and immigration scholarship on waiting, governmentality, and U.S. immigration bureaucracies by introducing the concept of the bureaucratic waiting tolls. Research has identified costs of uncertainty and waiting within the enforcement, judicial, and legislative arms of federal immigration bureaucracies, particularly for vulnerable migrant groups. The consequences of prolonged waiting in U.S. federal immigration bureaucracies’ service branches are less well understood. I examine the consequences of waiting for an adjustment of legal status to lawful permanent residence (LPR) within the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) bureaucracy among temporary nonimmigrants in the United States on visas. While the outcome of waiting for an adjustment of status—receiving a green card—is typically framed as success, I question whether the process of waiting is also one that primes migrants for success. Drawing on qualitative textual analysis of posts on an online immigration forum between 2007 and 2021, I identify multifaceted tolls of waiting in the USCIS bureaucracy. Updates from USCIS toll unexpectedly and disrupt everyday lives, financial tolls and opportunity costs—particularly in employment—directly impact life trajectories, and waiting introduces every day and longer-term damage that marginalizes this immigrant group. Exacerbated by uncertain and prolonged bureaucratic waiting, these tolls are consequential for migrant well-being. I conclude with policy suggestions to reform existing immigration caps to reduce long wait times and thereby alleviate the consequences of waiting and strengthen integration pathways throughout and following the LPR process.

Work–Family Conflict and Its Sustainability Implications among Married Immigrants Working in the USA

There is a paucity of research on the work and family dynamics of immigrants who arrive in the U.S. on visas. Work–family conflict among immigrants is a sustainability issue because it affects social cohesion, economic vitality, and the overall wellbeing of communities. This study examined work–family conflicts and work–life support among married immigrants (n = 182) born abroad but currently holding permanent resident status (also known as ‘green card holders’) in the U.S. Specifically, we examined how work variables (job intensity and work–life support) may either lead to or reduce job burnout, how burnout may be related to work–family conflict, and how these variables influence marital agreement, marital happiness, and job satisfaction. The results suggested that, in general, job factors had direct as well as indirect impacts through burnout, on both work and family outcomes. Job burnout moderated the relationship between work interfering with family and marital agreement. Martial agreement was significantly predicted by multiple variables. Suggestions for future research on this understudied population are offered along with practical and theoretical contributions related to the sustainability of immigrants, their families, and society.

Strategic employment of immigrant and native workers: Was the green card lottery a game changer?

AbstractThis paper examines how employers strategically use immigrant and native workers, within the empirical setting of the U.S. Diversity Immigrant Visa (DIV) program and the National Football League (NFL). Strategic organizations determine their own optimal immigrant‐native mix and consider similar actions and reactions by rival employers, a noncooperative game. DIVs exogenously increased the labor market presence of immigrants. I exploit this fact to examine how NFL clubs subsequently altered their employment of immigrant players. Panel‐based empirical analysis illustrates the hypothesized prevalence of matching in immigrant use among rival clubs, sensitivity of that equilibrium to immigration era, and heterogeneous occupational and organizational consequences.

The value of a green card in the U.S. marriage market: A tale of chain migration?

This study examines the impact of having a clear path to lawful permanent resident status, or a “green card,” on marital status and spousal characteristics among Chinese immigrants in the United States. A series of U.S. policy changes in the early 1990s made almost all mainland Chinese immigrants already present in the country eligible for a green card. We examine the effect of those policy changes on Chinese immigrants' marriage market outcomes relative to other East Asian immigrants. Using 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census data, we find that the share of Chinese immigrants who are married increased after they became automatically eligible for a green card. In particular, highly educated Chinese immigrants became relatively more likely to be married with a spouse living with them and relatively less likely to be married with a spouse living elsewhere. This pattern suggests that some Chinese spouses immigrated after their husband or wife received legal status, or spousal chain migration occurred. We also find that highly educated Chinese immigrants benefited in the marriage market in terms of spousal education and earnings, but less-educated Chinese immigrants did not. Meanwhile, less-educated Chinese-born women became relatively more likely to marry a U.S. native.

The Use of Green, Yellow and Red Question Cards Strategy to Improve Students’ Reading Ability at the Second Grade Students of SMK National Makassar

The Use of Green, Yellow and Red Question Cards Strategy to Improve Students’ Reading Ability at the Second Grade Students of SMK National Makassar

“Do you need a green card or something?” Romantic relationships, citizenship, and stigmatizing communication

ABSTRACT Citizen/Non-citizen (CN) romantic relationships are common in American society and media. However, few studies have explored the experiences of individuals in such relationships. This study examines CN partners’ social experiences relating to stigma and citizenship status. Through 15 semi-structured interviews, findings revealed that many CN partners experience “green card marriage” stigma, in which foreign partners are thought to be with the citizen for the sole purpose of immigration benefits. Many participants were aware of this stigma and attempted to debunk it. Lastly, political rhetoric and policy changes put many CN couples in a vulnerable position, which induced fear and uncertainty. This study integrates relational turbulence theory and stigma management communication theory and provides initial understanding of this under-researched community.

Religion or Race? Using Intersectionality to Examine the Role of Muslim Identity and Evaluations on Belonging in the United States

AbstractHow do White Americans evaluate the politics of belonging in the United States across different ethnoreligious identity categories? This paper examines this question through two competing frameworks. On the one hand, given the salience of anti-Muslim attitudes in the United States, we consider whether White Americans penalize Muslim immigrants to the United States regardless of their ethnoracial background. On the other hand, Muslim identity is often conflated by the general public with Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) ethnoracial identity. We argue MENA-Muslim identity should be understood through the lens of intersectionality. In this case, White Americans may penalize MENA-Muslims immigrants to the United States more than Muslims from other ethnoracial groups. We test these two frameworks through a conjoint experimental design wherein respondents are asked to evaluate immigrants and indicate to whom the United States should give a green card—signaling legal belonging—and how likely the immigrant is to assimilate into America—signaling cultural belonging. Although White Americans believe White Muslims may assimilate better to the United States relative to MENA-Muslims, race does not moderate how White Americans evaluate who should be allowed to belong in the United States.

Public opinions regarding infertility treatment insurance coverage among marginalized patient populations.

To assess public support for insurance coverage of infertility treatment among marginalized patient groups. A cross-sectional, web survey-based study using a national sample of 1226 US adults. Participants responded to questions measuring their beliefs and attitudes towards support for infertility treatment insurance coverage among specific patient populations. We then evaluated the opinions of only the participants who supported infertility treatment insurance coverage for patients meeting the standard definition of infertility. Associations between demographic data of participants and support for infertility treatment insurance coverage among these marginalized groups were queried. Of the total responses, 61.9% of the respondents generally supported insurance coverage for infertility. Of the total responses, 54.5% did not support any insurance coverage for lesbian, gay, or transgender patients. Of those who generally supported the insurance coverage for infertility, 53.0% supported coverage for gay patients requiring infertility services, 54.6% supported coverage for lesbian patients, and 42.5% supported coverage for transgender patients. Of the total responses, 47.6% did not support insurance for green card holders, undocumented immigrants, or refugees. Of those who supported the insurance coverage for infertility in general, 63.6% supported insurance coverage for patients with green cards, 29.8% for refugees, and 20.7% for undocumented patients. For disability and genetic conditions, 39.5% did not support coverage for any groups. Of those who support the insurance coverage for infertility in general, there was most support for patients with physical disabilities (60.2%) followed by genetic disease (47.9%), then mental disabilities (31.4%). Even among those who support insurance coverage for infertility in general, approximately less than half of them supported these same treatments for marginalized groups, including the diverse sexuality and gender (DSG), immigrant, and disabled populations. Increased education and awareness of infertility is needed among the general population to garner acceptance of infertility as a disease and support insurance coverage of infertility treatment for all persons.

Spectral Machines

Spectral Machines Tiana Reid (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Rodrigo Valenzuela, Afterwork #10, 2021. Archival inkjet print. 40 × 32 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Asya Geisberg Gallery. Rodrigo Valenzuela's Afterwork #10 is the tenth in a series of abstract still lifes that resemble factories or their products. The machines smoke or steam, suggesting productivity, but there are no workers in Valenzuela's photographs. Today, the masses still labor but the concept of the worker is at risk of being lost and, along with it, a key agent of political antagonism. As Valenzuela put it recently, "we are not people considered 'a worker' anymore but there are still producers. . . . What will happen after the idea of the worker disappears?" In his artwork, Valenzuela draws from his past experiences in manual labor before he got his green card—mopping the floors of construction sites, landscaping, moving boxes—and physical labor remains central to his artistic practice. For a recent exhibition in Brooklyn, he made his own frames and packed and drove the truck from Los Angeles. Through this activity, he recalls the ferocious urgency of production—and reminds us of the worker. Tiana Reid Tiana Reid is an assistant professor of English at York University. Her writing has been published in Artforum, the Nation, the New Inquiry, the New York Review of Books, the Paris Review, and elsewhere. Copyright © 2023 Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas, Inc. (FSISI)

An overlook on the relationship between green finance and the environment

This study aims to explain the relationship between green economy, green finance and the environment. Environmental sensitivities have become related to production with the increase in global warming, greenhouse gas emissions and carbon emission rates. As the relationship between production and the economy has increased, some financial instruments have emerged in order to be environmentally sensitive. The purpose of these products is primarily to protect the environment and to include environmentally conscious people in this financial system. In the personal or individual green finance dimension, green mortgages, green home loans, green commercial building loans, green car loans and green credit cards are the most prominent green financing. When environmental green financing products related to firms are analyzed, we come across some products such as green project finance, green securities, green technology leasing, carbon finance. Eco fund and carbon fund in the asset management section, car insurance, carbon insurance and green insurance in the insurance section. Considering that our environment is essential for all humanity, supporting and increasing green financing products that are environmentally sensitive will make more positive contributions both our country and the world.

DESTINATION IMAGE AND EXPECTATIONS OF TOURISTS IN SATUN GEOPARK, THAILAND

Satun is the first geopark in Thailand, recognized by The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for having the longest succession of fossils as well as an abundance and diversity of fossil species. It is also renowned for its rich nature, cultural diversity and harmony. Satun geopark has a high potential to be further developed for world tourism. However, the geopark green card is validated only for 4 years. Thailand must ensure a delicate balance between local community development and geopark tourism. The goal of this study is to review existing literature on Satun Geopark's destination image, visitor expectations, and intended travel dates. It also aims to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the importance of Satun Geopark's destination image and visitor expectations. According to the literature, it is clear that tourist expectations and internal motivation have an impact on affective destination image, while external motivation and word of mouth have an impact on cognitive destination image. Cognitive destination image also acts as a mediating factor between external motivation and word of mouth. The results of this study can be used to modify the tourism and information package to maximize tourists' satisfaction and loyalty. It will also guide the Satun geopark in terms of marketing and providing information to the tourists.

Study on grid price mechanism of new energy power stations considering market environment

With the proposal of the “double carbon” goal, the large-scale development of new energy has spawned the development of green card market. It is urgent to study and explore the formation mechanism of on grid electricity price suitable for new energy power generation under the “double carbon” goal. Therefore, this paper studies the on grid price mechanism of new energy power stations considering the market environment. Firstly, the cost structure of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation is analyzed, and the least squares support vector mechanism (LS-SVM) of quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is used to build the cost prediction model of new energy power generation. Then, considering the coupling relationship of carbon market, electricity market and green card market, the income model of new energy power stations is constructed. Furthermore, the price mechanism under incomplete competition based on Bayesian game and the price mechanism under perfect competition based on bargaining game are designed. Then, the price of the designed mechanism is adjusted combined with the cost sharing of ancillary services. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the model.

MOTOR VEHICLES THIRD PARTY LABILITY INSURANCES APPLIED IN TURKEY: EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS

Responsibility is defined as assuming responsibility for one’s own actions or the consequences of any event that comes within its jurisdiction. Liability insurance is used to compensate for the harm done to others as a result of one’s activities. If this liability causes a loss due to fault, intent, or hazard, the insurance pays for this loss at a predefined amount, up to the applicable maximum. Liability insurance is becoming more important in our society. It is a fact that some of these insurances are compulsory. In this study, motor vehicles’ third-party liability insurance applied in Turkey was conceptually examined, and the current production situation was analyzed and supported with case studies. In this context, it has been observed that motor vehicle liability insurance has three main applications in our country, namely compulsory motor liability insurance, facultative motor third-party liability insurance, and green card insurance, and it has been determined that the relevant branches have become increasingly important in production over the years.