Green Building Rating Systems Research Articles

Development of International Green Building Rating Systems And Local Implementation

Development of International Green Building Rating Systems And Local Implementation

Fuzzy-Based Decision Support Model for Assessing Green Building Performance

Global warming is currently a major environmental issue that is capable of causing unpredictable climate changes. The phenomenon is due to the accumulation of gases and carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere, partly attributed to building operation and construction. The Green Building Rating System (GBRS) is developed to assess and measure the level of green building practices to address this problem. The assessments have typically been conducted using conventional methods that require parameters to meet specific criteria. However, certain parameter values cannot be calculated using objective methods, such as bias, time series, and distance values. The existence of these challenges leads to the development and integration of the Decision Support Model (DSM) into the GBRS in the research. The DSM uses a mathematical model, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and conventional methods to handle the parameter values. Moreover, data related to the parameters are collected and analyzed quantitatively. As a result, the DSM-GBRS model is successfully implemented with two findings. First, there are 83 parameters, related to policy, retrofit, construction, and utilization aspects based on Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 21 Tahun 2021. Second, the model provides precise decision values by splitting the treatment into four types: conventional, Fuzzy logic, slope, and Euclidean distance to ensure a comprehensive assessment of green building performance.

Perception of Implementing a Green Building Rating System for Energy Savings in Nigeria’s Construction Projects Industry

A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that assesses a building's environmental performance throughout its life cycle. It includes criteria addressing various aspects of design, construction, and operation. This study reviews existing research on green building rating systems, aiming to establish their applicability for energy saving in Nigeria, identify obstacles to implementation, and determine the necessary factors for successful adoption. The study is analytical, relying on secondary data sources such as published articles, books, and websites. Additionally, the paper highlights the potential benefits for Nigeria in developing its own green building rating system. By doing so, Nigeria can align with global efforts to create sustainable built environments and develop effective strategies for energy efficiency and environmental stewardship. The study recommends awareness programs, educational talks, and government policies to promote the implementation of green building rating systems in Nigeria based on the analysis conducted.

A novel approach for integrating BIM and green building rating systems in the construction projects design phase

A novel approach for integrating BIM and green building rating systems in the construction projects design phase

Suočavanje s izazovima u vezi s ocjenjivanjem zelene gradnje prema LEED-u u Turskoj

This study examined the effectiveness of the LEED green building rating system and identified performance gaps in developing countries using Türkiye as a case study. The analysis of 134 LEED Platinum V4-certified buildings in Turkiye revealed discrepancies in high-priority sites, site evaluation, building product definition and optimisation, and low-emission material credits compared with other countries. Variations in energy, atmosphere, and indoor environmental quality criteria were also noted within LEED Platinum-certified buildings in Turkiye. The study concludes that while LEED is widely embraced, local standards and contextual factors must be considered when implementing these programs.

Review of Indian green building rating systems by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) on various parameters

Sustainable development is essential for the survival of the planet. The massive increase in GHG emissions due to human activities has put the world in unrest. The Indian construction industry is emerging and evolving at a rapid rate and has understood the grave situation, and for saving the environment has come up with innovative solutions for developing green buildings or sustainable construction. In this paper, the two different (the GRIHA Rating System and the IGBC Green New Building Rating System) of India were studied. The sample size was 40 construction professionals working on green building projects. An interview schedule was used for data collection. The data was subjected to a suitable analysis and the AHP method was applied. Based on the research findings, strategies to go green has been suggested for the IGBC and GRIHA rating system which may serve as a ready reckoner for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the construction management process. Therefore, keeping in mind the above view this research paper “Review of Indian Green Building Rating Systems by Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) on Various Parameters” becomes indispensable. Hence, this research study can be considered an effort to empower construction professionals to create an extensive analysis of green building concepts and develop sustainably in India.

A multi-aspect approach of a building to achieve optimization in India’s major green building rating systems by incorporating BIM

Abstract This paper delves into the concept of “green buildings,” structures designed to enhance the quality of life within their geographical context through their unique attributes. In the context of India, this study focuses on three primary green building rating systems: LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), IGBC (Indian Green Building Council), and GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment). The objective of this article is to present an optimized three-dimensional model for a commercial building, employing Building Information Modelling (BIM) techniques. To achieve this, a checklist is developed based on the maximum rating points stipulated by the aforementioned rating systems. Using this checklist as a guideline, a three-dimensional model is constructed, integrating key parameters of sustainability and environmental performance. Subsequently, a cost analysis is conducted on the model to determine the payback time, thus establishing a holistic framework for sustainable building design. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable architectural practices by integrating BIM technology with green building rating systems, providing a valuable methodology for architects and stakeholders to optimize commercial building designs with an emphasis on sustainability and environmental responsibility.

Comparative Analysis for the Development of a Green Building Rating System for Nigeria

Comparative Analysis for the Development of a Green Building Rating System for Nigeria

Addressing challenges in LEED green building ratings in Türkiye

This study examined the effectiveness of the LEED green building rating system and identified performance gaps in developing countries using Türkiye as a case study. The analysis of 134 LEED Platinum V4-certified buildings in Turkiye revealed discrepancies in high-priority sites, site evaluation, building product definition and optimisation, and low-emission material credits compared with other countries. Variations in energy, atmosphere, and indoor environmental quality criteria were also noted within LEED Platinum-certified buildings in Turkiye. The study concludes that while LEED is widely embraced, local standards and contextual factors must be considered when implementing these programs.

Green Design Parameters in High Rise Building in Hot Humid Climate

Abstract: The term "green building" is used to describe buildings that are designed, constructed and operated, to have a minimum impact on the environment, both indoor and outdoor. Most discussions of green buildings refer to the importance of providing an acceptable, if Not exceptional, indoor environment for the building occupants. However, these discussions of indoor environment quality have Not included many specific recommendations or criteria for building design, construction, or operation. Building projects described as green building demonstrations often make reference to indoor air quality, but these references are often general and qualitative. In addition, rating systems that have been developed to assess the "greenness" of a building are based largely on design features and are Not particularly specific with respect to indoor air quality. This Project reviews the features of indoor air quality that are considered in green building discussions, demonstration projects, and rating systems. These green building features are discussed in terms of their completeness and specificity, and are compared to other guidance on building design, construction, and operation for good indoor air quality. A case study of indoor air quality performance in a green building is presented. This study includes adscription of the indoor air quality features of the building and the results of a short-term indoor air quality evaluation of the building involving ventilation and contaminant concentration measurements

Research Review of Green Building Rating System under the Background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

In order to foster a more sustainable and eco-friendly trajectory for the construction industry, while concurrently mitigating environmental pollution and energy inefficiency, it is imperative to cultivate an environmentally conscious building and urban environment. Under the background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality, the green building rating system has become a research hotspot in the field of green building. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of the GBRS in weight setting, indicator setting, and the evaluation process, and creatively proposes the following three directions for future research: (1) Weight determination methods based on machine learning or deep learning models, and reasonable weight allocation by mixing multiple evaluation methods. (2) Setting dynamic evaluation indicators, strengthening interdisciplinary research and regional consideration, and introducing a life cycle assessment to solve the problem of setting indicators in the existing evaluation system. (3) Combine building information modeling with GBRS to realize the automation and intelligence of evaluation and improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of evaluation.

Review paper on Case Study on Green Building

Green building is a cutting-edge approach to creating environmentally friendly structures that use effective renewable energy sources without harming the environment over the course of its lifetime. This research journal is a case study of how elements from an existing conventional structure were implemented to make it a green building. Certain regulatory boards, referred to as rating systems, assess buildings based on their standards. The dynamics of green building, including material efficiency, waste reduction, indoor air quality, water efficiency, and energy efficiency, are examined in this case study. This case study has shown that by looking at the components and ideas of green building, a building's life and other characteristics may be efficiently improved. Additionally, it is determined that the directions furnished by rating systems are efficacious. Key Word: Principle of Green Building, Green Building Rating System, Elements, Case Study, etc.

Decarbonizing the high-rise office building: A life cycle carbon assessment to green building rating systems in a tropical country

The construction sector contributes a considerable share of global carbon emissions, with high-rise buildings having high emission density. Green Building Rating System (GBRS) certifications aim to reduce building emissions and improve occupant comfort. Most studies focus on low-to-mid-rise buildings, neglecting GBRS’ impact on commercial high-rises. Studies on the feasibility of adapting international GBRS to local high-rise buildings from a life cycle perspective are also scarce in tropical countries. Hence, taking Malaysia as a case study, this research quantifies the embodied and operational carbon reduction of GreenRE (local) and LEED (international) certifications on a high-rise office building using Life Cycle Assessment, where various certification tiers and scenarios are analyzed. LEED Platinum comprises 25.1% embodied (EC) and 74.9% operational carbon (OC) emissions, whereas GreenRE Platinum is 13.4% and 86.6%, respectively. Combining EC and OC emissions, LEED scenarios achieve reductions up to 61.1% with high OC reduction targets, while GreenRE offers up to 28.7% reduction with more stringent EC requirements. The LEED Max scenario, obtaining all available credits, achieves the highest carbon reduction of 65.1%. Unlike GreenRE, which specifies reductions from individual building components, LEED lacks specific requirements for components like lighting or cooling, potentially resulting in uneven emission reduction. Unconventional designs incorporating building-integrated photovoltaics, radiant cooling slabs, and other green features reduce carbon emissions by 62.7%. Recommendations to improve GBRS criteria towards achieving low-carbon buildings include relaxing the energy-related credit limit for GreenRE to reduce emissions by an additional 12.5% and incentivizing stakeholders to reduce EC in both LEED and GreenRE.

Crafting Sustainable Healthcare Environments Using Green Building Ratings for Aging Societies

As global demographics shift towards an aging population, the need for sustainable healthcare environments becomes increasingly critical. This study addresses this imperative by examining the application of Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs) in healthcare facilities, such as hospitals and nursing homes. It emphasizes the urgency of developing environmental assessment criteria specifically tailored for healthcare buildings to meet the challenges posed by an aging society. The research involved an extensive examination of a wide array of sustainability indicators from the literature, coupled with a Delphi survey involving a panel of 15 experts to guide the rigorous selection and validation process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was then applied to assign relative weights to each indicator, culminating in a specialized evaluative framework that includes 54 sustainability indicators across various dimensions. This framework is designed to support decision-making in the design process of new or retrofitted healthcare buildings, offering a comprehensive tool for creating sustainable healthcare settings. The findings and proposed framework aim to act as a reference for future development, supporting the creation of sustainable healthcare settings in Hong Kong and potentially informing similar efforts in other urban areas with similar challenges.

Green Building Rating of High-Rise Buildings in Sri Lanka


 
 
 As a result of urbanization, constructions of high-rise buildings become a major component of urban development. Constructing high-rise buildings contributes to social, economic and environmental development as well. There are many stages of construction including planning, designing, procurement and implementation. There is a wide range of sustainability practices which can be implemented in each stage of construction. In leading Sri Lanka to Sustainable Development, the green building rating system was introduced by National Green Building Council of Sri Lanka in 2002. This rating system has 100 total points and minimum of 40 points is required for green building certification. The rating system has different components. Among them sustainable sites category includes 25% of total points in green building rating system. This research study highlights the significance of sustainable sites category in order to award the green certification in green building rating system. For this research five major high-rise building construction sites in Colombo were selected and existing site selection practices of each site were investigated. Each site was visited and in-depth discussions were carried out with the planning engineer and other people in the construction site. The structured questionnaire was filled and scores were given accordingly where they have met the sustainable sites criteria. Two sites out of five could not earn single point as they did not fulfill the prerequisites of the site section category. The rest of the sites (three) earned 20, 19, and 18 respectively out of 25 points. In this study, lack of awareness in sustainable site selection practices has dropped the chances of being eligible for the green building certification. Since the minimum points required for green building certification is 40, buildings which are under planning or pre-construction stage have higher chances of obtaining silver, gold and platinum awards for green building certification. Therefore, sustainable sites category of the green building rating system contributes significantly to increase the score and therefore it is highly important in green certification & sustainable construction.
 Keywords: Green concept, High-rise buildings, Sustainable development, Sustainable site selection
 
 

A New Three-Pillar Score System to Reduce the Sustainable Subset Heterogeneity within the GREENSL Rating System in Sri Lanka


 
 
 Sustainable development is achievable only by integrating and acknowledging three main sustainability pillars (Environment, Social, and Economic) during the decision-making process. Sustainable/Green construction has become a major part of the sustainable development process in Sri Lanka today. Sustainable/Green buildings are evaluated using both international (LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, Green globes, etc.) and local (GREENSL, Blue-Green Sri Lanka) green building rating systems. Most of these international green building rating systems have unequal credit point distribution among three sustainability subsets which causes heterogeneity among subsets. Thus, this research was designed to evaluate two local green building rating systems (GREENSL Version 2.0, and Blue-Green Sri Lanka for government constructions Version 1.0) to identify this heterogeneity in the local context. The credit point distribution among three sustainability subsets within the two selected rating systems was evaluated by analyzing the categories and criteria of these two rating systems. Here, when criteria represented one or more pillars of sustainability, the credit points belonging to such criteria were equally divided into those two subsets. The results revealed that three subsets were not equally considered in the GREENSL (Environment (52.1%), Social (21.6%), Economic (26.3%)) and Blue-green Sri Lanka for government constructions (Environment (48.4%), Social (17.2%), Economic (34.4%)) rating systems. Thus, there is a sustainable subset heterogeneity that is dominated by environmental sustainability. As achieving the exact 33.3% point distribution among three sustainability pillars is difficult, new point distribution percentages were proposed as 40% for the environment and 30% each for both social and economic sustainability pillars. Finally, a new three-pillar score system was proposed that can be used together with the GREENSL overall score for the buildings to reduce this subset heterogeneity by adopting the proposed point distribution percentages above. This study suggested that the building needs to fulfill both the total category score and the proposed three- pillar score to qualify for the respective GREENSL award (Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Green certified) to reduce the sustainable subset heterogeneity within this rating system.
 Keywords: GREENSL for the built environment, Sustainability subsets, Sustainable subset heterogeneity, Three-pillar score system
 
 

Carbon Neutrality in the Building Sector of the Global South—A Review of Barriers and Transformations

This work provides a review of economic, technical, sociocultural, political, and technological barriers that impede carbon neutrality in the building sector of countries in the Global South. These barriers include limitations in public and professional awareness, knowledge, and skills in the construction industry, the lack of ambitious energy codes and green building rating systems, the lack of green financing schemes and investment, costs of materials and technology, and limitations in regulations. Finally, this article recommends five transformations to address the critical barriers and enable net-zero emission status in the building sector of countries in the Global South. These transformations include environmental data collection, stringent building energy codes, and green building system certifications, lifecycle-based thinking and circular design, education enhancement and workforce development, and net-zero emission business practices.

Green Building Techniques: Under The Umbrella of the Climate Framework Agreement

Various green building rating systems have been devised to assess the sustainability levels of buildings, offering a standardized approach to evaluate their environmental impact. However, adapting these existing methods to diverse regions requires addressing additional considerations, such as distinct climatic conditions and regional variations. This study delves into a comprehensive exploration of widely utilized environmental building assessment methodologies, including BREEAM, LEED, SB-Tool, CASBEE, GRIHA, and Eco-housing. A new building environmental assessment scheme tailored to the global landscape is needed due to limitations of existing assessment schemes. A framework based on principal component analysis is introduced to develop this new scheme. PCA applied to a dataset of many responses on building sustainability revealed nine key components, including site selection, environmental impact, building resources and re-use, building services and management, innovative construction techniques, environmental health and safety, mechanical systems, indoor air quality, and economic considerations. A framework for sustainable building development in world is proposed. The study provides insights for designers and developers in developing countries, offering a roadmap for achieving green development. The framework prioritizes key components for a nuanced evaluation of sustainability in building projects, contributing to the global discourse on environmentally responsible construction practices.

Development of a Green Building Assessment System at The Green Building Planning Stage in Indonesia

The fact that more people are living in cities is an important challenge for the construction industry in designing and developing cities. This industry emphasizes to have sustainable construction development principles, one of which is Green Building strategies. Because of this, several developed countries have implemented Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) to assess Green Building achievements. Green Building Rating Systems were developed to help professionals measure building performance, and meet the requirements of sustainable design and construction. In Indonesia, there are 2 assessment standards as a Green Building Rating System, namely PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2021 which is a regulation issued by the Ministry of PUPR as the Ministry in charge of Public Works and Public Housing Affairs in this case includes buildings and GREENSHIP as a product of the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), which is a independent institution. Different GBRS have similar objectives such as verifying the environmental performance of buildings, using natural resources efficiently, estimating the energy performance of buildings, and encouraging more energy-efficient building designs. The purpose of this research is to identify Green Building variables that are most suitable and relevant to the current conditions in Indonesia with a comparative analysis.

Analysis of Carbon Reduction Potential for Residential Green Building Evaluation System

<p>因應氣候變遷導致極端氣候現象加劇，世界各國開始致力於推動節能減碳相關政策，期望藉由減少溫室氣體排放量來達到永續發展目標。而綠建築因相關規劃設計與設施設備之選用，能有效降低建築物所帶來的環境汙染與二氧化碳排放量，被視為是建築產業邁向低碳、淨零排放的重要手段。爰此，在未來提倡減碳之趨勢下，綠建築的發展地位勢必將更為重要，同時也易使得綠建築相關減碳效益將更加被放大檢視。然過往對於綠建築節能減碳相關研究多著墨於技術層面，反而缺乏從根本制度面上分析現行評估指標系統所能帶來的相關減碳潛力與影響。故本研究透過專家問卷調查之方式，採系統性的歸納、分析，加以檢視我國現行綠建築評估指標系統中各評估指標項目的相對減碳潛力關係，同時釐清在現行評估指標系統規範下，住宿類綠建築所可能具備的減碳潛力情形。本研究首先透過文獻回顧，將我國「綠建築評估手冊-住宿類2015版」之評估指標項目相關內容定義為四大指標面向、九大指標群與三十一項評估要項；接著，運用層級分析法專家問卷調查，取得各指標項目在專家學者共識下的減碳潛力相對權重值，了解「日常節能」、「CO2減量」與「綠化量」等指標群及其相關評估要項較具減碳潛力；而除了現行住宿類評估手冊門檻指標外，「地面綠化」、「結構合理化」、「建築輕量化」、「屋頂綠化」以及「直接滲透設計」等評估要項，未來在基於節能減碳觀點下，建議可規範作為優先或必選取之評估指標項目。最後，本研究認為未來在積極邁向淨零排放下，於選用綠建築評估指標項目時，「除了選多還要選對，選對更要精確」，透過鼓勵選用具備較高減碳潛力的評估指標，並精進相關規劃設計內容，才能真正落實並有效促進整體綠建築節能減碳發展。</p> <p> </p><p>In response to the intensification of extreme weather phenomena caused by climate change, countries around the world have begun to promote policies related to energy conservation and carbon reduction, hoping to achieve sustainable development goals by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Green buildings can effectively reduce environmental pollution and carbon dioxide emissions due to related planning and design and selection of facilities and equipment, and are regarded as an important means for the construction industry to move towards low-carbon and net-zero emissions. In the past, the research related to green building energy conservation and carbon reduction had mostly focused on the technical level, but lacked a fundamental institutional analysis of the relevant carbon reduction potential and impact brought by the current evaluation indicator system. In addition, the green building evaluation indicator system is rarely combined with practical cases for demonstration and comparison to clarify the effect of the evaluation indicator system in practice, which easily leads to the overall evaluation indicator system becoming a formality. Therefore, this study investigates the relative carbon reduction potential relationship of each evaluation indicator items in Taiwan’s current green building evaluation indicator system through systematic induction and analysis by means of expert questionnaires; meanwhile, this study also uses analysis results of expert questionnaires to clarify the carbon reduction potential circumstances that residential green buildings may have under the current evaluation indicator system. First, through literature review, this research defines the relevant content of the evaluation indicator items of Taiwan’s "EEWH-RS 2015" as four indicator orientations, nine indicator groups and thirty-one evaluation items. Then, use the AHP expert questionnaire to obtain the relative weight value of the carbon reduction potential of each indicator item under the consensus of experts and scholars, and understand that the indicator group such as "Daily Energy Saving", "CO2 Reduction" and "Greenery " and their related evaluation items are regarded as more carbon reduction potential. In addition to the current threshold indicators of the residential evaluation manual, evaluation items such as "ground greening", "structural rationalization", "building lightweight", "roof greening" and "direct penetration design" are suggested to be standardized as priority or necessary evaluation indicator items in the future based on the viewpoint of energy conservation and carbon reduction. Finally, this study believes that in the future, under the active move towards net zero emissions, when selecting green building evaluation indicators, “in addition to selecting more indicators, you must choose right ones, and must choose more precisely.” In order to implement and promote the overall green building energy conservation and carbon reduction development, it is effective by encouraging the concentrated selection of items with higher carbon reduction potential, and improving the relevant planning and design content for promoting the evaluation scores of each item.</p> <p> </p>