Greek Attitudes Research Articles

Changes in Greek Attitudes and Policies Towards Refugee Reception Between 2020 and 2024

The study examines changes in policies and attitudes related to refugee reception and survival migration in Greece between 2020 and 2024. We analysed the changes in migration policy in Greece during the 2020-2021 pandemic, the situation in refugee camps and the government’s response measures. Putting the information together, we can see that Greece has been handling refugees and migrants in accordance with international and EU standards. Greece is constantly improving conditions in refugee camps and improving life security. By understanding the situation of Greece’s reception of refugees from war-torn countries in the Middle East from 2023 to 2024, we can also understand that Greece has linked its policy on refugee immigration with its national conditions, striving for mutual benefit, and providing assistance to displaced refugees as much as possible. The study sorted out and analysed the refugee migration policies and government measures in Greece from 2019 to 2024, and more directly compared the changes in Greek policies and laws under different challenges. At the same time, we also analyse the impact of these changes from a sociological perspective.

Greek consumer attitudes towards dietary supplement use: The impact of education level and physical activity

Greek consumer attitudes towards dietary supplement use: The impact of education level and physical activity

Mniej greckości w Grecji, czyli kto z kim ma kłopot?

Less Greek Identity in Greece or Who Has a Problem with Whom?This article is one of many voices in the continuing debate about Greece as a nation and as a member of the European Union. It emphasises the following facts: characteristics of Greece’s relationship with the state and the citizen, understanding of the European Union and Greece’s role in the organisation, difficulties in the dialogue between Brussels and Athens. Due to the diversity and complexity of the issues presented, the troublesome relationship between Greece and its European partners has not been explored in full here.The aim of this article is to demonstrate the Greek point of view on current affairs as well as to show the difference in wider public opinion towards Greek politics. Consequently, this article invites discussion about Greek public affairs and allows the reader to acknowledge the very different Greek attitude towards political actions performed by the European Union institutions and politicians.

Public sensitivity to cultural identity and regime type of trading partners: a survey experiment from Turkey and Greece

Given that sharing a democratic regime or culture increases the likelihood of bilateral trade flows between country dyads, this article investigates whether individuals are more likely to support preferential trade liberalization with other democracies and countries they perceive as culturally similar to the home country. Adopting experimental manipulation of the regime type and the cultural identity of the partner country on nationally representative survey data from two emerging market countries, Turkey and Greece, I demonstrate that while cultural affiliation does not condition individual attitudes, respondents in both samples display a highly significant preference for trade liberalization with a democratic country over an authoritarian one. Assessments based on respondents’ endorsement of postmaterialist values, international trade attitudes, and interpersonal trust reveal that while the democracy preference of Turkish respondents are likely affected by functional reasons, both functional and normative dynamics condition Greek attitudes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1057/s41304-020-00290-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Divine Mania: Alteration of Consciousness in Ancient Greece by Yulia Ustinova

Reviewed by: Divine Mania: Alteration of Consciousness in Ancient Greece by Yulia Ustinova William Tortorelli Yulia Ustinova. Divine Mania: Alteration of Consciousness in Ancient Greece. London: Routledge, 2018. xvi + 395 pp. Cloth, £125. Ustinova builds on the growing interest in cognitive science approaches to Greek religious thought. This monograph displays careful attention to philological detail and a wide range of theoretical toolkits, founded on the interdependence of humanity's biological and cultural dimensions. Ustinova begins her book with several missions. First, regarding Plato's description (Phaedrus 244a) of god-sent madnesses that are a benefit to human-kind, she reacts to a few old opinions. Padel (Whom Gods Destroy, 1995) doubted that any of Plato's contemporaries would have shared his idea that madness can be a blessing. Ustinova counters this by finding every example of god-sent mania in other writers from the 7th to 4th centuries. She argues that "many Greeks valued [mania] and sought to experience it in various contexts" (2). Second, Ustinova establishes that this is a good time for us to look to the Greeks for an understanding of how we deal with altered mental states today. Her starting point is somewhat exaggerated, though. It is no longer true that "In our society, the idea that deviation from the normal state of consciousness may be beneficial is still considered by many extravagant, if not preposterous" (ix). In fact, this investigation of the benefits of madness for the Greeks comes at a time when intentional alteration of consciousness (whether pharmacologically or [End Page 724] through meditation, yoga, or other physical means) is in the mainstream rather than the counterculture. Psychologists are now finding uses for altered mental states in the treatment of various mental maladies (see Michael Pollan's recent book, How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence, 2018). Ustinova is reacting to a perceived tendency in many modern societies to treat altered consciousness only as a medical problem. She associates the more open attitude with what she calls "traditional" cultures: "In historical and cultural situations different from the modern Western norm, people take for granted that a person may be out of his or her mind, but not crazy" (ix). But one point of meditation is the loss of self. We recognize the benefit of an athlete's being "in the zone," often described as a disembodied experience. Nonetheless, most readers will agree with her that there is something counterintuitive in the notion that madness can be a good thing. I used this book in a spring 2019 course on "Madness and Wine in the Ancient World," giving chapters to individual students for presentation to the class (I owe thanks, in particular, to Rhett Underwood, Caroline Crounse, Kristin Dupree, Andrew Kooning, and Jared Gibbs). The format of having notes and bibliography following each chapter facilitated this (although it is not without problems for those reading the book as a whole). My students found their chapters clear, comprehensible, and well organized. Ustinova's findings soundly confirm her theory that the Greeks of the Archaic and Classical periods appreciated the benefits of mania. Rather than summarize her findings in each individual chapter, I shall address the wrinkles that my students found most interesting. The first chapter explores prophetic mania. Prophecy is divided into direct connection to the divine and indirect communication through observing signs. A truly inspired mantis is seized by the god and provides prophecy superior to that of the prophētēs who merely interprets omens. Ustinova draws much of the Greek attitude toward prophecy from Cicero's De divinatione. She acknowledges that Plato's contemporaries did not always maintain this distinction between the two types as held by Plato and Cicero. While the truly inspired prophet is usually associated with Apollo, Ustinova notes the importance of thuiades in Delphi. Ecstatic Dionysian ritual may have identified candidates for ecstatic Apollonian prophecy. She elucidates the nature of this candidacy (susceptibility to an induced trance state). As for the book's intention of demonstrating the "blessings" of madness, this chapter leaves some confusion. Prophetic mania is the sole province of the inspired...

ΤHE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE DIMENSION OF TAM-PERCEIVED USEFULNESS AND PERCEIVED EASE OF USE IN TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS ICT’S INTEGRATION IN TEACHING ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE IN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL: THE CASE OF GREECE

This study aims to delve deeper into Greek teachers’ attitudes towards the use of ICT in ancient Greek teaching, in Greek public lower secondary schools, representing an attempt to identify the Cognitive Dimension of Greek teachers’ of ancient Greek language (philologists) attitudes. More specifically, the main goal is to examine Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness concerning teachers’ of ancient Greek degree of familiarity with ICTs and the degree of effectiveness in ICT’s integration in teaching and learning practice. As for Perceived Ease of Use this research study investigates, in respect of teachers’ attitudes: a) ICT’s degree of personal and educational use, b) Self-perception degree towards ICT’s use, and c) Degree of ability in ICT’s teaching integration. As for Perceived Usefulness this study investigates: a) ICT’s usefulness degree in achieving learning objectives, b) Usefulness degree in teaching application of ICT, and c) ICT’s effectiveness degree as for teachers’ role. Broadly speaking, the research findings reveal that teachers of ancient Greek, use ICTs to do their lesson preparation and planning, but they are not used to integrating technology in teaching practices. Yet, Greek teachers of ancient Greek language consider -as important barrier/factor to use ICT in teaching and learning process- their lack of effective training in ICT’s teaching use. As a result, they show low self-perception degree -as for ICT’s use- and become more and more reluctant to adopt new technologies in teaching and learning procedure. Moreover, the findings stress that Greek philologists firmly believe that ICT can be used as an innovative tool of teaching and learning procedure, motivating teachers and increasing their interest in teaching approach. However, New Educational Technology is not applied in teaching practice and teachers of ancient Greek language -denied to ‘escape’ from traditional ways of teaching- prefer conventional/traditional teaching practices in ICT’s use to modern/contemporary teaching methods, achieving mainly cognitive goals. To sum up: a) gender, b) years of experience in teaching, c) specific knowledge in teaching ancient Greek language with ICT, and d) appropriate in-service training on ICTs have a significant impact on teachers’ of ancient Greek attitudes, regarding whether or not ICT’ s use enhance: a) traditional teaching style, b) linguistic literacy, c) critical literacy, d) sociocultural literacy. Article visualizations:

Byzantine Turns in Modern Greek Thought and Historiography, 1767-1874

<p>This article examines representations of Byzantium in Modern Greek historical<br />thought, from the first translation (1767) of the Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae to<br />the publication of Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos’ complete Ἱστορία τοῦ Ἑλληνικού Ἔθνους<br />[History of the Greek nation (1860-1874)]. In doing so, it reassesses conventions, especially<br />prevalent in English-language works, regarding the range and complexity of endeavors in<br />this vein. Developments in European thought are used throughout as a vantage point, as<br />they represent a contingency of great importance for any assessment of Greek attitudes<br />toward the past. However, these influences did not always point in one direction; a factor<br />which, in tandem with local generational and ideological divisions, helps to explain the<br />diverse perspectives on Byzantium in Greek works from the period under review.</p>

“Why Gypsies and Albanians do not have their own letters”. Greek attitudes towards neighbouring languages during the 19th century

“Why Gypsies and Albanians do not have their own letters”. Greek attitudes towards neighbouring languages during the 19th centuryIn this article several aspects of the Greek attitudes towards neighbours’ languages during the 19th century are presented and analyzed. We believe that the decades before the Greek Revolution, known also as the period of maturity for the Modern Greek Enlightenment, deserve more of our attention and concern. The issue needs to be further investigated and the written resources from the specific time must be exhaustively researched in order for us to form a broader view of the situation. „Dlaczego Cyganie i Albańczycy nie mają własnych liter”. Dziewiętnastowieczny stosunek Greków do języków sąsiadówW artykule przedstawiono i przeanalizowano kilka dziewiętnastowiecznych greckich poglądów na temat języków sąsiadów. Zdaniem autora okres kilku dekad przed „Grecką Rewolucją”, znany również jako okres dojrzałego greckiego oświecenia, zasługuje na dogłębną analizę. Dla lepszego zrozumienia sytuacji konieczna jest kontynuacja badań pisanych źródeł tego okresu.

Suspicious circumcisions: a psychoanalytic exploration of the connection between Antisemitism and Misogyny

The historical dominance of Classical Greek attitudes, beliefs, and meaning structures has directly contributed to the “otherness” status of women, establishing an implicit misogynistic undercurrent in the history of Western society. The privileging of certain Greek ethos within the foundation of Christendom has likewise amplified and institutionalised Antisemitism, solidifying the Jew as an “other”, atavistic and vestigial nation of people. The biblical world view, in contradistinction, offers an important reappraisal of masculine and feminine ideals, undercutting misogynistic attitudes and in so doing delimiting space for an authentic feminine other to find expression. The alternative gender conceptualizations endorsed by the Bible and more generally embodied in Hebraic thought render Jews a target for displaced misogynistic rage. Particular attention is given to the domains of rationality vs. irrationality, activity vs. passivity, and the dramatically different ways that the Graeco-Roman, psychoanalytic, and Jewish traditions understand ritual circumcision, specifically how after being filtered through a Hebraic lens ritual circumcision, can be psychoanalytically re-conceptualised as a potent mechanism for forging intergenerational connectedness.

Monotherapy Ot Polypharmacy ? Prevalent Prescription Patterns in a Big General Hospital

Introduction In general, monotherapy is advocated. However, a proportion of the treatment regimens contains two or more drugs from the same class (i.e. polypharmacy) or a combination of drugs from different classes. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of prescription patterns of psychotropic drugs to our outpatients with schizophrenia, unipolar depression or bipolar disorder. Methods Files of 510 outpatients were studied. A retrograde examination was done spanning for 6 months. Demographics, details of diagnosis, hospitalizations and a chart of the drugs administered were collected. A comparison was done between various characteristics of patients under polypharmacy and monotherapy. Results Polypharmacy as well as combination therapy was more prevalent than monotherapy in all groups. Patients with a history of previous hospitalizations were not prone to be under polypharmacy, excluding depressives . Antidepressant prescription in schizophrenics was unusually high reflecting the easiness of use of new agents for negative symptomatology . The most commonly prescribed antipsychotics were quetiapine, olanzapine and risperidone. Classical antipsychotics had medium proportion of the treatment, mainly as combined therapy. Mirtazapine, Venlafaxine and Sertraline were the most commonly prescribed antidepressants Tricyclics were prescribed also Conclusions .. Greek clinicians' attitude for polypharmacy, regardless of the diagnosis, is prevalent. The recent changes in reimbursement policies of the healthcare System in Greece, did little to affect antipsychotics, but had an effect in the prescribing patterns of antidepressants

Non-Hellenic Peoples in the Epic Poems of Homer

Abstract Homer’s epic poems represent their contemporary world. These epics give detailed descriptions about the peoples and cultures living in the Mediterranean area. Several ethnic groups appear in the epics, whose home lay far away from the Greek homeland, in the Balkans. The Odyssey may be regarded as the most valuable source of the two epics from a geographical point of view. For instance, this is the first written source of the Kimmers, even if there are only a few verses about them. During his journeys, Ulysses was able to reach several territories, which were less well known in the age of Homer. This is the reason why we have only a less detailed picture of these peoples, and why our knowledge of these cultures, ethnic groups and civilizations is so fragmentary. In my paper I try to figure out how the author described these peoples, what kind of attributes he employed in their description, and how we could interpret this information. Applying all these we could be able to examine the Greek attitude toward foreigners in the 8th century B.C.

A Psycho-Biblical Response to Death Anxiety: Separation and Individuation Dynamics in the Babel Narrative

Compared to other biblical narratives, the well-known account of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11: 1–9) has been underrepresented in the psychological analysis of the Bible. Although the Babel narrative has conventionally been understood as a tale cautioning against the perils of rebelling against authority, on the one hand, and as an explanatory legend concerning the origins of linguistic and societal diversity, on the other—in this paper we maintain that the psychological relevance of the Babel narrative runs substantially deeper than what is to be found in these standard interpretations, and in fact offers interpretations, offering a sophisticated solution to the universal condition of death anxiety. Since the development of the Western mental health establishment has been largely underwritten by Classical Greek attitudes and values, the Hebraic worldview has been suppressed if not completely ignored within the development of psychoanalytic metatheory. The Greek myths of Phaëton and Icarus are examined to illuminate the contrast between the Classical Greek and biblical views of rebelliousness and individuation as it relates to assuaging death anxiety. Once interpreted through Hebraic optics, the Babel narrative can be appreciated as a story wherein a loving Deity (father figure) acts according to the best interests of His children (the Multitude), facilitating their emotional maturity and psychological individuation and consequently providing the space to mobilize their death anxiety into a vitalizing, life-affirming sense of self.

P.2.a.023 Diabetes mellitus type 2: Greek patients' well-being and attitude towards the disease

P.2.a.023 Diabetes mellitus type 2: Greek patients' well-being and attitude towards the disease

Book Review of Cruelty and Sentimentality: Greek Attitudes to Animals, 600–300 BC, by Louise Calder

“There is little literature on Greek animals,” wrote Richter, the great classical archaeologist and art historian, in her introduction to Animals in Greek Sculpture some 80 years ago (Oxford 1930 [xi]). The book under review, derived from the Oxford University D.Phil. thesis of Calder, offers an opportunity for reassessment, showing clear advances in the field. In addition to Richter’s still useful survey, generations of researchers have contributed to what Calder terms a “vast modern scholarship” on animals and their interactions with humans in ancient Greece (1).

On the Implications of the Idea of Infinity for Postmodern Fundamental Theology

This essay provides a dimensional analysis of the various manners in which mathematics, phenomenology, and theology claim to make present or mediate infinity. Edmund Husserl's 1935 lecture, Philosophy and the Crisis of European Humanity, because engaged with each discipline to various degrees, will function as our primary, preparatory text. Husserl's discussion of the ideal objects of mathematics and the Greek attitude will call for further analysis of the relation between mathematics and infinity. Similarly, intentional infinities, insofar as related to transcendental phenomenology, will be compared to Jean-Luc Marion's distinct phenomenology of the icon. Next, the ways in which the infinite God is conceptualised by Husserl and Marion will be juxtaposed in order to demonstrate their disparate, theological thinking. Finally, the notion of multiple infinities will be analogically extended from set theory to the discursive wholes of mathematics, phenomenology, and theology in order to suggest a novel understanding of the role of the infinite within postmodern fundamental theology.

Fictional History and Historical Fiction

History and Fiction. From the earliest examples of history-writing in the European tradition, the writing of history has been intertwined with fi ction. To the Greeks history was a branch of literature, but this did not imply that it was fi ction, merely that it was a form of letters. In his Iliad, considered history, Homer did not narrate an eyewitness account of the Trojan War. Moreover the process of oral composition and delivery over the centuries between the Trojan War and Homer’s time leave moot the usual modern distinction between fi ction and history. Yet the Greek attitude toward Homer’s epic more often than not treated the poet’s narrative as the recording of Greece’s most important historical event of its earliest known period. Homer’s work told the story of the confl ict between the Greeks (devoted to the goddess Athena and the intellect) and the Asian Trojans (portrayed as a barbaric civilization dominated by the senses). His work was often defended for the truth of its narrative and the accuracy of its detail. Because the poet was deemed a person inspired by the gods, Homer was thought to have been given an authentic, inspired vision of the event even to the point of being accurate in his detailing of the ships and in particulars he could not otherwise have known.1 One can often see the reverence for Homer’s accuracy in the work of sober historians, like Strabo, who frequently commented on the accuracy of Homer’s geographical details or distances.2 Here we see the early joining of poetry to history.

Cruelty and Sentimentality: Greek Attitudes to Animals, 600-300 B.C. by Louise Calder

444 PHOENIX Demiurge, but rather its continued preservation. Plato’s point is that the world would come to an end if the Demiurge, somehow, did not continue to preserve it: his will is a stronger bond than the ones he used for ordering the world (41b4–5). Without this guarantee, one may assume, the disruptive factors would eventually gain the upper hand. This last point also has implications for Broadie’s argument (Chapter Seven) that Plato’s positing of a temporal origin for the order of the world does serious philosophical work that could not have been accomplished by an account that makes the cosmos sempiternal. In order to maintain both the connection and the distinction between the intelligent cause and nature, she argues (see first thesis mentioned above), Plato needs a deist account, according to which the Demiurge’s ordering of the world is completed once and for all and from then on the cosmos goes on to lead its own life, so to speak. But the Demiurge’s speech seems to suggest a very important sense in which the Demiurge cannot withdraw completely from the world once he has completed his task: without his continued influence, the world would not exist for all time in the future. There is no dead weight in Broadie’s exposition, and she takes no shortcuts. Every stance which the author develops rewards its reader. This study is truly a major accomplishment , and it is bound to set the terms of the debates about Plato’s Timaeus for a long time to come. University of Notre Dame Gretchen Reydams-Schils Cruelty and Sentimentality: Greek Attitudes to Animals, 600–300 b.c. By Louise Calder. Oxford: Beazley Archive and Archaeopress. 2011. Pp. x, 227. The past several decades have witnessed the publication of a prodigious amount of literature relating to the place of non-human animals in the life of the Greco-Roman world.1 Broadly speaking, the works that comprise this vast body of scholarship view animals either in their role as images or symbols or as living beings. The former view of animals predominates in archaeological, art historical, mythological, and religioushistorical studies, while the latter is prominent in zoological, ethological, philosophical, and ethical studies.2 Calder’s volume, a revision of her Oxford dissertation, is unusual in combining insights from both approaches in an attempt to determine how this evidence, in combination, can help us to understand how the Greeks interacted with, treated, and valued the animal species that shared their world. One aim of Calder’s work is to remedy what she terms the emphasis on “élite values and activities” (1) that predominates in extant artistic and literary remains by showcasing material illustrative of “more mundane social spheres and species” (vii). In her Introduction (1–11), Calder sets forth the themes and boundaries of her study, admitting that the sheer volume of extant material relating to human-animal interaction in antiquity requires selectivity and assures incompleteness. She limits her work to land-dwelling mammalians, while birds, reptiles, aquatic species, and insects, as well as mythological Mischwesen such as centaurs and satyrs, receive scant coverage. The six chapters that follow examine the whereabouts of animals in human space (Chapter One), 1 An extremely useful bibliographical guide to this literature, updated to May 15, 2006, is provided by Thorsten Fögen, “Animals in Graeco-Roman Antiquity and Beyond: A Select Bibliography ,” at http://www.telemachos.hu-berlin.de/esterni/Tierbibliographie Foegen.pdf. 2 The organization of Fögen’s bibliography reflects this dichotomy. BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS 445 sheep and goats (Chapter Two), draught and burden animals (Chapter Three), pests and animal allies (Chapter Four), pets (Chapter Five), and philosophical and ethical issues relating to the treatment of animals (Chapter Six). The material remains that Calder analyses include pottery, small terracottas, figurines in metal, coins, and animal bones. Among literary sources that she cites we find expected agricultural authorities such as Xenophon, Cato, Varro, Columella, as well as less obvious sources such as Aristophanes, the fabulists Babrius and Phaedrus, and the authors of the Palatine Anthology, who refer to animals with surprising frequency. Boldface numbers in the text direct the reader to...

Greek slavery: from domination to property and back again

AbstractModern historians of Greek slavery seem to agree, despite other differences, on an understanding of slavery as a relationship of property. This understanding of slavery essentially goes back to Aristotle's theory of natural slavery. An examination of the Greek vocabulary of slavery though shows that the vast majority of Greeks had a very different understanding of slavery as a relationship of domination. This article argues that this alternative Greek understanding of slavery can account for some serious conundrums in Greek attitudes and thought, and explains the reasons behind Aristotle's reformulation of slavery as a relationship of property. Finally, it is argued that seeing slavery as a relationship of domination has enormous potential for the modern study of slavery from a dynamic historical perspective.

„Contested Identity“ of Macedonia: Identity of Difference


 Macedonia is still in the process of forging its identity as an independent state; a process that is “contested” not only sub-state national identities but also the extent to which Macedonia sees itself as a subject of international relations.Without the protection of the Yugoslav federation, Macedonia found its security weakened and as a response to Bulgarian and Greek attitudes a more assertive and uncompromising view of Macedonian nationalism emerged, which would have a significant influence on Macedonian-Albanian relations in the new state. The Macedonians saw their national identity “contested” from several directions at the beginning of the 1990s, most notably from Greece and Bulgaria, and from inside the new state the Albanian opposition to Macedonian political and cultural dominance. Internal challenge to national identity is a result of the large number of cleavages between the two main ethnic communities. Because of this society has become increasingly segregated with major tensions running through the formation of new political identities and institutions across ethnic lines.
 External challenge to national identity between the Republic of Macedonia and its neighbors can be summarized as follows: Bulgaria is the main identity threat to the extent that identity is anchored in language; Serbs are the main identity threat to the extent that identity is anchored in religion; Albanians are the main identity threat to the extent that identity is anchored in statehood; and Greeks are the main identity threat to the extent that identity is anchored in the name of the nation, its language and state.

Greece, the hidden centuries: Turkish rule from the fall of Constantinople to Greek independence

For almost four hundred years, between the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the Greek War of Independence, the history of Greece is shrouded in mystery: distorted by Greek writers and largely neglected by others. What was life really like for the Greeks under Ottoman rule? Was it a period of exploitation and enslavement for the Greeks until they were finally able to rise up against Turkish rule, as is the traditional, Greek nationalistic view? Or did the Greeks derive some benefit from Turkish rule? How did the Greeks and Turks co-exist for so long? And, why are Greek attitudes towards Venice, who also controlled much of Greece for many of these years, so different? In this wide-ranging yet concise history David Brewer explodes many of the myths about Turkish rule of Greece. He places the Greek story in its wider, international context and casts fresh light on the dynamics of power not only between Greeks and Ottomans but also between Muslims and Christians, both Orthodox and Catholic, throughout Europe. This absorbing and riveting account of a crucial period will ensure that the history of Greece under Turkish rule is no longer hidden. It will delight anyone with an interest in Greek and Turkish history and in how the past has shaped the Greece we know today.