Greater Weight Percentage Research Articles

Effects of Total Mixed Ration pH on Carcass Characteristics, Subprimal Yields and Fatty Acid Composition when Fed to Brahman or Holstein Cross Steers

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of total mixed ration (TMR) pH on carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles when fed to Brahman cross (BC) or Holstein cross (HC) steers.Materials and MethodsEighteen steers (6 Brahman × Thai native and 12 Holstein × Zebu) were blocked by breed and stratified by weight before being randomly assigned 1 of 3 treatment diets, fed individually ad libitum including: fresh grass mixed-TMR (GTMR; pH 4.70 to 4.99), grass silage mixed-TMR (STMR; pH 4.00 to 4.40), and fermented-TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5 to 3.87). After 460 d all steers were slaughtered after a 24 h fast. During slaughter offal items were weighed to determine if breed or diet impacted visceral weight. After 7-d postmortem (1 ± 1°C) carcasses were separated at the 12th to 13th rib for collection of ribeye area (REA), fat thickness, marbling score, and objective color. After carcass data collection, carcasses were fabricated according to French standards and subprimal yields were calculated as a percentage of chilled carcass weight. The longissimus thoracis (LT) was removed and steaks (2.54-cm) were cut for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), proximate analysis, and fatty acid analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (V9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Steer was considered the experimental unit and steer within block by treatment was considered the random term. Mean differences were considered significant at ɑ ≤ 0.05.ResultsThere was not a breed by diet interaction (P > 0.09) for hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP), REA, fat thickness, chill loss, marbling score, objective color, or cook loss and WBSF. However, BC had greater HCW, DP, REA, and WBSF than HC (P < 0.05). Marbling scores were greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed STMR and FTMR than GTMR, otherwise diet did not impact carcass traits (P > 0.05). Non-carcass components were a greater percentage of live weight for HC than BC. There was a breed by diet interaction (P < 0.05) for subprimal cuts of the macreuse (clod), knuckle, and bottom round (P < 0.05). Brahman cross steers had a greater percentage of weight in the chuck, sirloin, strip loin, and bottom round (P < 0.05); however, HC had a greater percentage of weight in the macreuse, knuckle, nerveux (heel), and bone (P < 0.05). There was no breed by diet interaction or main effects for chemical composition except percent fat where FTMR > STMR > GTMR (P < 0.01). For fatty acids there was no difference in total SFA or n6:n3 (P > 0.10), however, there were breed by diet interactions (P < 0.01) for total PUFA, n-6, n-3 and PUFA:SFA where LT from BC fed GTMR had greater percentages than all other treatment combinations.ConclusionRations consisting of STMR and FTMR may be utilized to increase marbling and maximize tenderness for finishing Holstein cross steers, while feeding GTMR to Brahman cross steers could be an appropriate method for producing lean beef with a greater percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Efecto de la raza, peso de sacrificio y sexo en el quinto cuarto en razas ovinas canarias

Sixty Canaria lambs and 60 Canaria Hair breed lambs (half male and half female), slaughtered to 9.78±0.49, 15.8±0.66 and 24.9±0.76 kg live weight were studied. The objective of study was to determine the effect of breed, slaughter weight and sex of lamb on percentages of fifth quarter and their components. Canaria breed lambs showed a higher weight for fifth quarter, and its percentage of edible organs was lower than in Canaria Hair breed. The intestines, skin and head were the parts that had greater weight percentage. The importance of the fifth quarter was reduced when slaughter weight increased due to lower percentage of head and legs. Males showed higher values for head, legs and bladder; females showed higher values for the skin. Skin percentage increased when increasing the slaughter weight only in wool lambs.

Increased osteoblast function on PLGA composites containing nanophase titania

Nanotechnology creates materials that potentially outperform, at several boundaries, existing materials in terms of mechanical, electrical, catalytic, and optical properties. However, despite their promise to mimic the surface roughness cells experience in vivo, the use of nanophase materials in biological applications remains to date largely unexplored. The objective of the present in vitro study was, therefore, to determine whether when added to a polymer scaffold, nanophase compared to conventional ceramics enhance functions of osteoblasts (or bone-forming cells). Results from this study provided the first evidence that functions (specifically, adhesion, synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, and deposition of calcium-containing mineral) of osteoblasts increased on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds containing nanophase compared to conventional grain size titania with greater weight percentage (from 10-30 wt %). Because the chemistry, material phase, porosity (%), and pore size of the composites were similar, this study implies that the surface features created by adding nanophase compared to conventional titania was a key parameter that enhanced functions of osteoblasts. In this manner, the study adds another novel property of nanophase ceramics: their ability to promote osteoblast functions in vitro when added to a polymer scaffold. For this reason, nanophase ceramics (and nanomaterials in general) deserve further attention as orthopedic tissue engineering materials.