Greater Number Of Families Research Articles

СЕМЕЙСТВА ДЛИННОПЕРИОДНЫХ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ НА ВУЛКАНЕ МОЛОДОЙ ШИВЕЛУЧ (РОССИЯ) В 2022–2023 ГОДАХ

On April 10, 2023, the strongest eruption of the Young Shiveluch volcano ( Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula) in the last 60 years occurred. The eruption was preceded by a long seismic activity since the end of July 2022. Earthquakes during this period were mainly long-period, occurring in the area of the extruding extrusive dome. The paper describes the grouping of earthquakes into families according to the similarity of waveforms, and their comparison with the activity of the Young Shiveluch volcano. For the period of monotonic, with a constant rate, dome extrusion, when the pressure in the channel was constant, earthquakes were grouped into long-term families. The period before the culmination phase is characterized by a greater number of families, which is interpreted as an indicator of instability of the environment. Such an increase in the number of earthquake families allows us to predict more accurately the beginning of the culmintion phase of eruptions of andesitic Young Shiveluch volcano.

Targeting the “poorest of the poor”: A multi-scale approach

Understanding that poverty presents multidimensional and multi-scale deployments, a methodology is proposed that allows to identify those poorest families among the poor in the State of São Paulo for cash transfer purposes. We propose a method to combine the vulnerability of the family with the other scales, resulting in a more refined classification of the situation of poverty, which is more difficult to be biased by the selfreported register. We added a georeferenced context-based component to differentiate among families with same vulnerability but living in different levels of intraurban and municipal conditions. At the municipal scale, we developed two sub-indexes through Principal Component Analysis (PCA): a) the Municipal Context Sub-Index, and b) the Municipal CadUnico Sub-Index. These sub-indexes were then integrated. On the scale of the Census enumeration area, we considered aspects that can aggravate the poverty condition, such as physical environmental risks and socioeconomic deprivation. On the family-scale, we consider the score defined by the São Paulo Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The final multi-scale classification of families results from the sum of the scores obtained at the family level, the Census enumeration area and the municipality. The indexes were validated internally and externally. We simulated a scenario of hypothetical cash transfer programs using the current tool (MPI-S) and the proposed methodology to benefit up to 10,000 and 100,000 families in the State of São Paulo. We implemented the solution in Power BI tool to allow automatic updates of the indexes to be made in the developed “dashboard”. Results allow us to evaluate the impact of both approaches. The current approach, based only in the multidimensional poverty of the family is more distributed, with a wider geographic distribution, sometimes benefiting only one family in some municipalities or a great number of families in one municipality. The proposed approach tends to concentrate the assistance with greater percentages of families in the CadUnico by municipality. Besides aiding on cash transfer decision, the results obtained on the context and the intensity of municipal poverty can be used for programs aimed at leveraging economic development in the different administrative regions of the State of São Paulo.

137 Longitudinal Heritability of Ocular Microbiota in Preweaned Beef Cattle

Abstract The bovine ocular microbiome is of interest because of its potential role in ocular disease, such as infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The ocular bacterial community of 223 pre-weaned beef calves from a single cohort were sampled four times; day 0, day 21, day 41, and day 139 (mean calf ages 65, 86, 99, and 204 days, respectively). The bacterial community was phenotyped using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were grouped into amplicon sequence variants (ASV) which were taxonomically classified at the phylum and family level. Heritability was estimated for the log transformed relative abundance of each phylum, family, and ASV at each time point using ASReml v. 4.2. The model included calf age at time of sampling, calf sex, pinkeye vaccination treatment group, breed fractions, and retained heterosis as fixed effects. The random effect of animal had a (co)variance structure given by an H matrix comprised of 3,025 animals of which 1,207 were genotyped including all of the sampled animals. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.16 to 0.95 at the ASV level, 0.18 to 0.91 at the family level, and 0.18 to 0.81 at the phylum level. Standard errors were approximately 0.20 on average. The number of features (ASV, family, or phylum) with estimates greater than their standard error changed across time points (Table 1). Overall, time point 1 had the largest number of features with estimates greater than their standard error, followed by time point 4. Time point 3 had a greater number ASV with estimates greater than their standard error than time point 2; however, time point 2 had greater numbers of families and phyla with estimates greater than their standard errors. This trend likely stems from the fact that time points 1 and 4 had the greatest diversity of features while time point 2 had the least diversity. Average Chao1 index diversity estimates of ASV were 144.6, 28.1, 64.7, and 194.6, for time points 1 through 4, respectively. We hypothesize this is due to the perturbation of the ocular microbiome at sampling and the fact that overall diversity in the microbiome recovered by the final sampling, although, species composition differed compared with time point 1. While no ASV, family, or phylum had a heritability estimate greater than its standard error across all time points, certain features had heritabilities greater than their standard errors at multiple time points. The phylum Armatimonadota had heritability estimates greater than their standard error at time points 1, 2, and 4 (0.52, 0.18, and 0.37, respectively). Additionally, an ASV of the Streptococcus genus had estimates of 0.26, 0.45, and 0.26 at time points 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These estimates demonstrate that certain features of the ocular microbiome are influenced by host genetics.

Family Policing as Counterinsurgency and the Gathering Abolitionist Force

Family Policing as Counterinsurgency and the Gathering Abolitionist Force Dorothy Roberts (bio) I spent the first year of the pandemic writing a book about abolishing the so-called child welfare system—what I call the family policing system. When I heard Dylan Rodríguez’s remarkable presidential address, I was already proofing the galleys of Torn Apart: How the Child Welfare System Destroys Black Families—and How Abolition Can Build a Safer World.1 Every word Rodríguez spoke resonated with my thinking and activism around the need to dismantle the child welfare system and replace it with a radically reimagined way of caring for families and keeping children safe. The invitation to write a response to his address gave me the opportunity to frame my arguments in terms of his valuable conceptualization of counterinsurgency and the gathering abolitionist force. Conceptualizing family policing—US government surveillance and destruction of politically marginalized families—as state counterinsurgency usefully illustrates and illuminates his key points. A central theme of Rodríguez’s address is that “counterinsurgency not only is directed by the state’s repressive military, policing, and political might but—especially in moments like this—is commonly performed through narratives, aesthetics, rhetorics, and institutional solicitations of a scrambling reformism.” This seemingly contradictory stance of simultaneous repression and reform is essential to US family policing, characterized by inflicting violence on politically marginalized families under the pretense of protecting children from parental maltreatment. The US child welfare system has historically terrorized Black and Indigenous people in the United States by forcibly removing large numbers of children from their homes and placing them in state custody. It regulates even greater numbers of families by subjecting them to intense supervision under the threat of child removal. The legitimacy of family policing depends on maintaining the mirage that its brutal intrusion in families is a benevolent service for needy children. The origins of the US child welfare system lie in the oppression of Black, Indigenous, and impoverished white families by powerful white elites.2 The ideology of violent supervision of Black families by white people can be traced [End Page 221] back to the separation of enslaved family members at the whim of slaveholders, who had absolute legal authority over them. The mass removal of Native children from their tribes and their consignment to boarding schools was literally a weapon of war developed by the US military in the nineteenth century to overpower tribal resistance to its settler colonial project. The establishment and expansion of the formal foster care system were counterinsurgency initiatives against Black liberation struggles. After the Civil War ended, white judges ordered thousands of Black children to be apprenticed to their former enslavers in conjunction with other white supremacist mechanisms, such as convict leasing, designed to return newly emancipated Black people to a subservient status. In the 1950s and 1960s, southern states began dropping Black families from the welfare rolls and placing their children in foster care as part of a white supremacist backlash against gains won by civil rights activists and Black freedom fighters. The terror of family policing continues today. According to a 2014 study, 15.44 percent of Native children and 11.53 percent of Black children were placed in foster care before their eighteenth birthday.3 The rate for white children (4.86 percent) was much lower, reflecting America’s racial hierarchy, but still remarkably high. Almost all the children the state takes by force come from impoverished or working-class families. State child welfare systems engage in tactics akin to what Rodríguez refers to as “the military protocols for neutralizing resistance to US occupation,” which include “‘integrating civilian and military activities.’” Family policing operations—warrantless home investigations, intensive monitoring of families by state agents and civilians deputized to report on parents (“mandatory reporters”), forcible seizure of children followed by placing them in foster care, and permanent severing of family ties for failing to comply with agency dictates—reflect a carceral logic with parallels in the criminal punishment system. State child protection authorities increasingly use modern surveillance technologies and coordinate with law enforcement agencies to manage regulated populations more efficiently. Family policing is part of the prison industrial complex...

Changes in practitioners\u2019 attitudes, perceived training needs and self-efficacy over the implementation process of an evidence-based parenting program

BackgroundEvidence-based family support programs such as the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program have the potential to enhance the well-being of children and families. However, they cannot achieve their expected outcomes if insufficient attention is paid to the implementation process. It has been demonstrated that practitioners’ attitudes towards evidence-based programs (EBPs), perceived training needs and self-efficacy for working with parents influence implementation outcomes (e.g., program acceptability, adoption, adherence and sustainability). At the same time, the experience of being involved in the implementation process of an EBP could enhance practitioners’ perceptions of the initiative. This study aimed to assess changes in practitioner’s attitudes, perceived training needs and self-efficacy over a two-year EBP implementation process, in interaction with their appraisal of their organization’s capacity to implement the EPB.MethodsIn the province of Quebec, Canada, Triple P was implemented and evaluated in two communities. Ninety-nine practitioners from various organizations completed questionnaires shortly before their training in Triple P and two years later.ResultsFindings show that practitioners who displayed more initial skepticism regarding their organization’s capacity to implement the program reported greater improvements in attitudes over time, while practitioners who showed more optimism at baseline reported a greater decrease in their perceived training needs. Practitioners’ self-efficacy increased moderately regardless of perceived organizational capacity.ConclusionsThese results are encouraging given that more positive perceptions of EBPs could foster the systematic use of these programs in communities, for the potential benefit of a greater number of families.

Determinants of Migrant Career Success: A Study of Recent Skilled Migrants in Australia

AbstractAustralia has been aggressively pursuing skilled migrants to sustain its population and foster economic growth. However, many skilled migrants experience a downward career move upon migration to Australia. Based on a survey of recent skilled migrants, this study investigates how individual (age, years of settlement, qualifications), national/societal (citizenship and settlement), and organization‐level (climate of inclusion) factors influence their career success. Overall, we found that: (1) age at migration matters more than length of settlement in predicting skilled migrant career success; (2) citizenship uptake and living in a neighbourhood with a greater number of families from the same country of origin facilitate post‐migration career success; and (3) perceptions of one's social/informal networks in the workplace – a dimension of perceived organizational climate of inclusion – also have a positive impact on migrant career outcomes.

Diversidad de la entomofauna en cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao) em el municipio de Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil

The cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is the culture of economic interest in the southern region of Bahia. As a result of the 1990 crisis, caused by the fungus (Moniliophthora perniciosa), the crops were devastated, totally transforming the previously balanced environment. The objective of this work was to analyze the entomofauna in a cocoa plantation in Ilhéus, Bahia, territory affected by the pathogen, and verify the richness and abundance of the insects. A Pitfal trap of insects was collected in the area, identifying them at the family level and then evaluating the diversity. Insects belonging to five orders were found, with the most abundant being Hymenoptera (78.6%) and Coleoptera (15. 7%).The Formicidae family, of the order Hymenoptera, was more found in collection points, and a Coleoptera order, in a greater number of families. The diversity of insects measured by the Shannon Wienner index (SW), adapted for the family classification is 0.98.

Experiences and Problems Encountered by Families of Children with Sickle Cell Anemia.

Introduction: Sickle Cell Anemia is a disease that has a high level of morbidity and early mortality for patients that are not followed and controlled properly. Study was conducted the aim of determining experiences and problems of families whose children with sickle cell anemia. Methods: Descriptive study was conducted the aim of determining experiences and problems of families (n= 206) whose children with sickle cell anemia. Before conducting this study, a written permission from the related institution and research ethics committee approval from Gaziantep University were obtained. Questionnaire is made up of two sections (10 questions), socio-demographic of families and data about their problems (15 questions and 11 statements). Data were evaluated SPSS (21.0), number and percentage calculations. Results: It was determined that 96.1% of participants knew nothing about disease before their children were diagnosed, 92.7% of them are aware the disease was genetically inherited, all participants were a disease carrier themselves, and 93.7% of them had no blood tests before marriage. 97.1% of participants have no support from their spouses, It was determined that 98.5% of children suffer from pain, 60.7% suffer from weakness 51.5% of the participants apply to hospitals to decrease the problems and 48.5% use medications at home. Conclusion: A great number of families have problems regarding fear of losing their children, lack of social aid and support. Majority of children suffer from pain, weakness, exhaustion, they stay at hospital between at least 1 and 5 times a year, they need blood transfusion.

1417P - Multi-gene panels: new clinical experience in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

Background: Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes explain about 22% of families meeting testing criteria for hereditary breast/ovary cancer (HBOC). Next-generation sequencing based multi-gene panels allow the analysis of a high number of genes simultaneously with a high sensitivity and are currently integrated into clinical practice. Methods: A total of 177 women/families with clinical criteria for HBOC underwent genetic testing with a 26-gene commercial panel related to hereditary cancer. The analysis included 150 women with a personal diagnosis of BC/OC meeting national consensus for testing except 7 patients that did not comply these criteria, 6 healthy women at high-risk with ≥1 BC/OC affected first-degree relative and 21 patients with a previous BRCA1/2 negative result by other techniques. Results: A total of 11 BRCA1/2 mutations were identified three of which were previously undetected by other techniques. Mutations in other high or moderate BC/OC risk genes were found: one new mutation in RAD51D gene, two mutations in CHEK2 gene, one mutation in ATM gene, one mutation in PALB2 gene and two probably pathogenic variants in PALB2 and CHEK2 genes (according to predictors in silico). In addition, 8 variants of uncertain significance were detected. Subsequently, members of any of these 18 HBOC families started presymptomatic genetic diagnosis and prevention strategies. Conclusions: In contrast to traditional sequential testing, the incorporation of multi-gene panels in our clinical practice has allowed us to obtain a more efficient genetic diagnosis on a greater number of families. Detecting actionable mutations in either previous BRCA1/2 negative or other HBOC associated families will optimize candidate identification for changes in medical management. The determination of the pathogenicity of frequent variants of uncertain significance in high or moderate penetrance genes remains the main challenge for cancer geneticists. Legal entity responsible for the study: Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau Funding: None Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Who wants it?

AbstractPurpose Until recently, genetic testing in retinal dystrophy has been limited to a small proportion of families. Next Generation Sequencing is now being developed within clinical laboratories to deliver genetic testing to a much greater number of families. Retinal dystrophy is a very heterogenous condition affecting 1 in 3,000 people, but with new NGS technology, we now estimate that mutations can be identified in around 60‐70% of families.Results Understanding the clinical utility and applicability of testing in the care and management of families will be very important. Research suggests that patients want genetic testing in order to confirm the inheritance pattern in the family, identify those at risk and to give hope of future gene‐based therapies in the future.Conclusion We report on our experience in the genetic eye clinic since the introduction of NGS testing, the impact on families and some of the complexities including the identification of de‐novo dominant mutations in sporadic cases as well as unexpected syndrome diagnoses.

Maslow's Needs Hierarchy as a Framework for Evaluating Hospitality Houses' Resources and Services

As hospitality houses welcome greater numbers of families and families requiring longer stays, they do so in the absence of a widely accepted theory to guide their understanding of guests' needs and evaluations of how well they meet those needs. We propose A. Maslow's (1970) Hierarchy of Needs as a conceptual framework for understanding what makes a hospitality house a home for families of pediatric patients and for guiding the activities of hospitality houses' boards of directors, staff, volunteers, and donors. This article presents findings from a theory-driven evaluation of one hospitality house's ability to meet guests' needs, describes the house's best practice standards for addressing guests' needs, and suggests areas for future research.

Shared or separate? Money management and changing norms of gender equality among Norwegian couples

Over the last generation the male breadwinner/housewife family has gradually become outdated as the dominant normative model for family households. The new ideal has become the adult worker family model, where gender equality defined as economic independence and sharing of household work and childcare between spouses/partners is the norm. The Nordic countries are the frontrunners of this development, and the Nordic welfare model is assumed to be well adapted to this new ideal. However, this ideal does not hold clear norms of how money should be managed and shared in family households, and Nordic families have to establish their own systems. Norwegian survey data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) in 1994 and 2002 are used to analyse patterns of money management in family households. Our study indicates that, even if sharing of economic resources and responsibility remains the most common pattern, a greater number of families are choosing separate and independent systems of financial allocation. This increase in divided systems of money management may lead to new gender inequalities because of the lack of recognition of the value of domestic labour and family care as part of the common provision.

Genetic Identification of Squids (Families Ommastrephidae and Loliginidae) by PCR–RFLP and FINS Methodologies

Cephalopods are a taxonomic group that contains a great number of families, genera and species, with many of them very important at the commercial level. The existence of very similar species in this class added up to the transformation process applied to them makes it difficult or even impossible for species identification based on morphological characterization. Moreover, the global commerce makes it possible that one determined species can be marketed in its antipodes. These questions suggest the necessity of molecular techniques to solve this situation. In the present work, a genetic method was developed on the basis of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (FINS) technique and makes possible the identification of more than 20 species belonging to the families Ommastrephidae and Loliginidae, as well as some octopus and sepia species. The PCR was employed to amplify 651 and 208 bp fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. These molecular systems were applied to fresh, frozen, precooked, even canned cephalopods, allowing for the identification of the species included in these products. Therefore, these molecular tools could be applied in questions related to correct labeling, traceability, and importation controls of squids, sepias, and octopuses.

Insectos acuáticos asociados a los lagos interdunarios de la región central del Estado de Veracruz, México

The aim of this study is to register the presence of aquatic insects during the rainy and dry seasons, in 15 dune lakes of the Gulf of Mexico's coastal zone. These ecosystems lodge a wealth of 62 families, 60 of them present during the rainy season and 46 during the dry period. At both times Coleoptera is the order with a greater number of families, followed by Diptera. The first one is the most diverse, but Chironomidae (Diptera) is the most abundant, representing 40% of the total number of individuals. We used high rank taxa to quantify the biodiversity based on the principle that a high number of families or genus is supposed to include a greater number of species. There were not significant differences in the alpha diversity within the same lake during the two climatic seasons. The trophic structure is dominated by the detritivorous groups (57% of scrapers, collectors, gatherers, shredders), followed by predators (38%) and herbivores (5%). These numbers indicate that dune lakes have a great amount of organic matter. The results obtained contradict our working hypothesis, thus it was rejected, in summary, because there were no important differences in family composition, abundance of individuals and trophic structure of the lakes between the rainy and dry seasons.

Pilot student placements with children with complex needs

Enabling the increasing population of children with complex and continuing health needs to live at home with their families is generally considered the ideal approach. Services for children with complex needs are commissioned from a wide range of providers, including the private and voluntary sectors. Pilot placements for two student nurses with a private company that had a significant caseload of children with complex and continuing needs were evaluated as a way of enabling student nurses to develop knowledge and skills in this field. The objective was to increase understanding of the issues involved in facilitating this type of placement and to develop placements in line with the findings. Semi structured interviews with students and mentors were used to generate evaluative data. The placement was well evaluated by all parties. Students gained important clinical skills but also appreciated in greater depth the humanistic needs of children, young people and their families. Advantages of working with a company whose focus is the provision of complex care at home included variety and continuity in the placement and a greater number of families across whom the students can be spread to avoid excessive or constant intrusion. Such placements can offer valuable learning opportunities, however, ongoing development and evaluation of placements is needed, particularly as these are predominantly based in family homes.

Chapter 16. Community Caregiving Partnerships in Aging

SUMMARY Although greater numbers of families are providing support to older adults, a lack of comprehensive programming in resource allocation continues to exist at the social policy level. This chapter explores how community caregiving partnerships may contribute to a solution.

Fold Designability, Distribution, and Disease

Fold designability has been estimated by the number of families contained in that fold. Here, we show that among orthologous proteins, sequence divergence is higher for folds with greater numbers of families. Folds with greater numbers of families also tend to have families that appear more often in the proteome and greater promiscuity (the number of unique “partner” folds that the fold is found with within the same protein). We also find that many disease-related proteins have folds with relatively few families. In particular, a number of these proteins are associated with diseases occurring at high frequency. These results suggest that family counts reflect how certain structures are distributed in nature and is an important characteristic associated with many human diseases.

Plants Used Medicinally by Folk Healers of the Lahu People from the Autonomous County of Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai in Southwest China

The Kucong, a branch of Lahu and an indigenous ethnic group living in Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China, have a very short history of settled village life (about 40 years). According to the data of ethnobotanical investigation, 118 species of medicinal plants belonging to 57 families and 98 genera used by Lahu healers have been inventoried. The characteristics of medicinal plants coming from a great number of families and genera relate to the traditional life-style of the Lahu. The more common the diseases are, the more abundant the related medicinal knowledge is. The most frequently used parts of medicinal plants are the leaf (35.22%) and root (32.08%). The disappearance of environments related to the traditional life-style of the Lahu threatens the existence of their traditional medicinal knowledge, similar to threats facing many other traditional medicines. Collection and inventory should be essential research fields in studies of traditional medicine.

Parent-offspring resemblance of palmar and plantar dermatoglyphic patterns in Down syndrome

With the aim of investigating the influence of trisomy 21 on the expression of heritable morphological features, we recorded the palmar and plantar dermatoglyphic patterns in 48 children with Down syndrome (DS), in both their parents, and, as a control, in 57 of their siblings. Using the Kendall tau rank correlation test, a considerable parental influence on the frequency of true patterns in the interdigital areas (IDA) III and IV of the palms (P = 0.3%) and soles (P = 1.0% and 3.8%, respectively) is demonstrated for the control siblings. In the children with DS, this influence is discernible as well, although with no statistical significance. A greater number of families may be required to settle the question.

Human prion diseases (spongiform encephalopathies).

Prion diseases (spongiform encephalopathies) in humans are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), and kuru. Clinically, they are characterized by an inexorably progressing neurological illness with dementia and ataxia as the most prominent signs. The classical neuropathological changes are limited to the central nervous system and consist of spongiform degeneration, amyloid plaques, astrocytic gliosis, and nerve cell loss. The human spongiform encephalopathies, which for many years were considered neurodegenerative disorders of unknown etiology, were finally recognized as transmissible diseases similar to scrapie in sheep in the late 1960's. The infectious agent appears to consist of protein devoid of functional nucleic acid and has been termed prion to distinguish it from viruses. The prion hypothesis has gained wide acceptance through the finding that mutations of the prion protein gene are associated with heritable human prion disease. Different mutations appear to cause prion disease with a distinct pattern of clinical and pathological features in a great number of families. Certain mutations of the PrP gene have been shown to be associated with clinical and neuropathological changes not typical of any variant of human prion disease known to date. A new classification of prion diseases based on the molecular biology and biochemistry of the prion protein is likely to emerge.