Greater Investment Research Articles

The Fifth Industrial Revolution and the Gig Economy: Assessing Technological Advancements Gaps, Regulatory Gaps and Skills Development Needs in Delhi NCR, India

The gig economy in India has grown significantly over the past decade, with millions of workers engaging in platform-based employment. Simultaneously, the world is transitioning to the Fifth Industrial Revolution, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation with human-centered values. This study explores the impact of the Fifth Industrial Revolution on gig workers, focusing on working conditions, job security, access to skills development, and the adequacy of current regulatory frameworks with special reference to Delhi &NCR region. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys of gig workers and qualitative insights from in-depth interviews with platform executives and policymakers. The study found that while technological advancements have improved working conditions in some areas, job security remains a significant concern for gig workers. Additionally, access to skills development is strongly correlated with workers' ability to adapt to new technologies, but many face barriers to acquiring necessary training. The study also reveals a widespread perception that current regulations, including the Social Security Code, 2020, are inadequate in addressing gig workers' needs. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive regulatory reforms and greater investment in skills development to ensure that gig workers can fully benefit from the opportunities of the Fifth Industrial Revolution while being protected from its risks.

General Practitioner Availability and Accessibility in Serbia Before and During the Pandemic

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia, state-owned primary health centres’ general practitioners (GPs) served as the first point of care for adults (the population aged 19 years and older) and gatekeepers of the health system. The study highlights changes in the overall availability, accessibility, and workload of GPs during the pandemic. Methods We used routine health facility data at the national level to describe the changes in GPs over the past three years, before the pandemic (2017-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2022). Specifically, we looked at the total number of GPs, the percentage of specialists, the average number of citizens per GP, the services used per capita, the average number of visits per GP, and the leading causes of morbidity. Results The study found a decrease in the total number of GPs in both periods (before: -10%, during: -9%) and in the number of specialists (before: -2%, during: -3%). During the pandemic, the average number of citizens per GP varied. In 2022, the average number of visits per GP decreased noticeably to 3557 GPs, of which 37% were specialists. In the same year, each GP received 6661 annual visits and served 1509 citizens on average. However, these figures exhibit considerable regional and geographical differences. Circulatory and respiratory diseases were the most common reasons for visiting a GP (about 14% and 13% of all visits, respectively). Up to 10% of all visits resulted in either a diagnosis of external factors that influence health status or in ill-defined symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings. Conclusions This study’s findings underscore the critical reductions in availability, accessibility, and workload of general practitioners in the Serbian public sector and emphasize the importance of strengthening the primary healthcare system to better respond to future challenges. Key messages • Public health officials should prioritize the development of effective strategies and policies that focus on improving the quality and accessibility of primary health care services in Serbia. • A greater investment in general practice is necessary to ensure it can effectively meet the population’s needs during health emergencies.

Organization of Vaccination Sites in Quebec: Perception of Users, Employees and managers

Abstract Since late 2020, vaccination sites have emerged rapidly in order to protect the population against COVID-19. Health services in Montérégie (Québec) are provided by three organizations. Each adopted a different approach to immunization. The Regional Public Health Department took this opportunity to describe, compare, and explain these three approaches. A mixed methods design through a multiple case study was conducted. Users, employees and managers were interviewed at the end of 2021 on several performance-related topics. Individual interviews with employees and managers in mid-2022 further explored these topics. 38 managers, 360 employees, and 946 users participated in the survey. 9 managers and 10 employees were interviewed. Most participants were satisfied with vaccination organization regardless of the model used, mainly because of high geographic and temporal accessibility of the sites. Further signage to indicate directions could optimize accessibility. High adaptability was essential for managers and employees. Training strategies such as people to refer to and pairing allowed to better deal with frequent changes and staff rotation. The addition of ongoing training could be beneficial. Rapid changes in employee schedules were identified as a challenge. The use of technology-based scheduling tools, accessible to all, brought added flexibility, which was appreciated. Several ideas were used to communicate updates on a daily basis. However, timely implementation of new recommendations remained an ongoing challenge. Dedicated clinics for specific clienteles were successful. Community partnerships were generally beneficial, although establishing more of them could potentially reach other vulnerable communities. To improve accessibility and minimize health social inequities, a greater investment in local partnerships might reach more vulnerable clienteles. Regular communication and innovative employee support are key elements to improve fluidity of operations. Key messages • Reaching out for vulnerable clienteles is essential to minimize health social inequities. • Rapid changes in services needs underlign fluidity communication importance.

Examining the Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Enhancing Global Presence and National Identity: A Case of the Ethnographic Museums of Rwanda (Huye and Nyanza) and Itorero ry'Igihugu

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Ethnographic Museums and Itorero ry’Igihugu on Rwanda’s international standing, guided by Soft Power Theory and Cultural Exchange Theory. Specifically, it examines how these institutions act as conduits for cultural diplomacy and project Rwanda’s unique narrative both locally and globally. Additionally, the study explores their role in reinforcing Rwanda’s cultural identity and assesses their impact on international relations, shaping Rwanda’s image abroad and supporting its diplomatic endeavors. The research employed a qualitative case study approach, focusing on qualitative data. The overall target population consisted of museum personnel, government officials, local community members, and visitors. Data were collected from a sample of 60 participants, including museum personnel and visitors (12), government officials in charge of cultural affairs (8), and local community members (40). Snowball and convenience sampling techniques were utilized to ensure representation from key groups involved in Rwanda’s cultural and diplomatic sectors. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, participant observations at museum exhibits and Itorero ry’Igihugu ceremonies, and document analysis of museum records and official publications. Data were analyzed using a combination of thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data to identify patterns and trends in the findings. Key findings indicate that the Ethnographic Museums and Itorero ry’Igihugu significantly contribute to cultural diplomacy by fostering a positive national identity and enhancing Rwanda’s visibility on the global stage. These institutions serve as platforms for intercultural exchange, reinforcing Rwanda’s image as a country rich in culture and history, while also playing a role in nation-building through the preservation of cultural values. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of cultural institutions in projecting national identity and promoting diplomacy. The findings suggest that Rwanda’s international presence can be further enhanced through greater investment in cultural diplomacy programs, particularly in promoting the Itorero ry’Igihugu’s values globally. Recommendations include developing strategic partnerships with international cultural organizations and expanding the global reach of Rwanda's museums through digital platforms to attract a wider international audience.

Accounting and Healthcare Waste Management: Strategies to Improve Financial Efficiency and Reduce Environmental Impact

Healthcare waste management represents both a financial and environmental challenge for healthcare institutions. This article discusses accounting and financial management strategies that can be implemented to optimize operational costs related to healthcare waste disposal, while minimizing environmental impact. A theoretical framework based on financial and environmental sustainability is proposed, integrating environmental accounting policies and waste management methodologies. The results demonstrate that adequate financial planning and the implementation of treatment technologies can significantly reduce costs and improve efficiency in healthcare waste management. The findings highlight the need for more robust management policies and greater investment in sustainable treatment technologies.

Auditor Skill Demands and Audit Quality: Evidence from Job Postings

This study empirically examines the relation between audit quality and auditors’ cognitive and social skills. Using a novel data set of online job postings by accounting firms, we document substantial variation in the stated demand for auditors’ cognitive and social skills, suggesting that audit offices are not homogeneous in their preferences for such skills. We find a positive relation between audit quality and the prevalence of cognitive and social skills within an audit office’s job postings. This association is stronger for audit engagements that are more complex or require greater coordination, suggesting that cognitive and social skills are particularly important in engagements where effective communication and knowledge transfer, as well as sound professional judgment and skepticism, are needed. The association is also stronger for audit offices with greater investments in new technology, consistent with the complementary relation between cognitive and social skills and the use of technology. Overall, our study offers empirical evidence linking specific auditor skills to audit quality. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: C. Ham acknowledges financial support from the Blanche “Peg” Philpott Faculty Fellowship. R. N. Hann acknowledges financial support from KPMG. W. Wang acknowledges the financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council [Grant 11503720]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01640 .

The pedagogical insights of mathematics teachers integrating artificial intelligence in rural upper primary schools of Namibia

This paper presents a qualitative intervention study that explores the pedagogical experiences of mathematics teachers integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into teaching mathematics in rural upper primary schools in Namibia. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which intersects teachers’ understanding of technology integration with pedagogical techniques and subject matter knowledge, was adopted for the study. The research involved 13 mathematics teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data collection included two sharing circle discussions, lesson observations, and semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis approach was employed to interpret the collected data. The findings reveal a diverse range of AI tools used by the selected teachers, such as Geogebra, Khan Academy, Virtual Tutors, and various problem-solving mobile applications, including Photomath, Mathway, and Microsoft Math Solver. These AI resources were noted for enhancing the visualisation of mathematical concepts, providing adaptive learning experiences, and promoting independent, paced learning that supports learners' learning styles. Teachers reported a marked improvement in learners’ comprehension and problem-solving abilities attributable to AI integration. Despite the benefits of AI in education, challenges remain, particularly in rural areas. Key issues include inadequate infrastructure, limited access to devices, and the need for ongoing teacher training in technological pedagogical content knowledge. Additionally, the lack of culturally relevant AI technologies hinders effective AI-supported learning in diverse contexts. Greater investment in localised AI educational tools is needed to achieve equitable and effective learning outcomes.

Parenting and mental health in protracted refugee situations: A systematic review

BackgroundRefugees' parenting behaviour is profoundly influenced by their mental health, which is, in turn, influenced by their situation of displacement. Our research presents the first systematic review on parenting and mental health in protracted refugee situations, where 78% of all refugees reside. MethodsWe pre-registered our protocol and screened documents in 22 languages from 10 electronic databases, reports by 16 international humanitarian organisations and region-specific content from the top 100 websites for each of the 72 countries that ‘host’ protracted refugees. Our criteria were empirical papers reporting parenting and parental mental health data on refugees who are in a protracted refugee situation. Studies including only internally displaced or stateless persons were excluded. ResultsA total of 18,125 documents were screened and 30 studies were included. We identified a universal pathway linking macro-level stressors in protracted refugee situations, such as movement restrictions and documentation issues, to symptoms of depression and anxiety, which, in turn, led to negative parenting practices. Additionally, culture-specific pathways were observed in the way parental mental health and parenting were expressed. Situational (e.g., overcrowding) and relational factors (e.g., spousal dynamics) modulated both of these pathways. Biases in the research included the over-representation of specific protracted refugee situations, overreliance on self-reported data, and a heavy focus on mothers while neglecting fathers and other caregivers. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the directionality and causality between specific macro-level stressors in a given protracted refugee situation and parental mental health and practices. Refugees were rarely consulted or involved in the design of research concerning their parenting and parental mental health. ConclusionIn recognising the existing links between protracted refugee situations, parental mental health, and parenting, our systematic review calls for a shift in thinking: from focusing solely on the micro aspects that affect ‘refugee parenting’ to understanding and tackling the broader macro-level stressors that drive them. We urge larger and long-term research efforts that consider diverse protracted refugee situations, greater investment in science communication and diplomacy with governments, and stronger implementation of durable solutions by states to alleviate the roots of refugee parents' distress and negative parenting practices.

Threshold model for determining the safe number of race rides for early career (apprentice) jockeys

ObjectivesTo identify descriptors associated with success in apprentice jockeys and to determine optimum numbers of jockeys for safer race riding. DesignRetrospective cohort study. MethodsIncidence rates (IR) for jockey falls and success (wins per 1000 race starts), time and number of races spent at different apprentice levels were calculated for 807 apprentice and professional jockeys over 19 years of Thoroughbred flat racing in New Zealand (n = 524,551 race starts). Survival analysis was used to compare career progression for jockeys that fell and those that did not, and individual seasonal fall IR were modelled. ResultsApprentice jockeys had the highest fall IR in their first year of race riding (2.4 IQR1.7–3.2 vs 1.1 IQR1.0–1.2, p < 0.05) and a lower success IR compared to professional (non-apprentice) jockeys (71, IQR67–75 vs 97 IQR96–98, p < 0.05). Jockeys who fell during their apprenticeship rode in more race rides to progress towards professional status than those who did not. There was an inverse power relationship between fall IR and number of race rides per season for jockeys, with the inflexion point at 33 rides per season. Half (48 %) of the jockeys rode fewer than 33 rides per season. ConclusionThere is a surplus number of jockeys, riding at high fall risk, produced than is required by the number of race riding opportunities. Greater investment into the fitness, education and selection of a smaller cohort of dedicated apprentices, may be beneficial to reduce the risk of early career fall or injury in jockeys and requires further investigation.

Identifying and mitigating racial/ethnic disparities in clinical trials with screening data.

63 Background: ASCO and Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) released a statement on increasing racial/ethnic equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in cancer trials (1). It included recommendations for clinical practices and research sites to 1) screen every patient for trial eligibility; and 2) routinely collect and analyze screening and enrollment data by patient demographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity. Most of the 62 sites that completed a 2021 pilot study reported that screening data were not readily available by patient race/ethnicity (2). ASCO conducted a follow-up study about challenges, resource needs, and effective strategies for collecting and analyzing these data. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with research team members from sites that completed the 2021 pilot study. Sites were purposefully selected based on pilot study data quality and insights, diversity of patient population, and site type, size, and region. Sites completed a pre-interview questionnaire on site characteristics and screening and enrollment processes before participating in a 1-hour interview focused on challenges and effective strategies for collecting and analyzing screening and enrollment data, by race/ethnicity. Anticipated themes and relationships, stemming from the pilot study findings, informed a conceptual framework. Up to 20 interviews were planned and halted sooner when there was theme saturation. Results: Thirteen research sites participated in the study, representing academic centers (62%) and community-based practices/health systems (38%) with racially/ethnically diverse patient populations (median 31% non-white; range 11% to 63%). 53 research team members participated in the interviews (typically 4 per site), including investigators (23%), directors/managers (56%), and coordinators (21%). Aggregated responses were interpreted through content analysis and concepts were quantified for both frequency and extensiveness. Several barriers to patient screening, data collection, and analysis were cited, including lack of standardized procedures and documentation, dedicated staff and time, quality and/or accessible data on race/ethnicity and/or screening, and integrated technology that facilitates screening and documentation. Conclusions: Collecting and analyzing screening and enrollment data are critical to identifying and mitigating racial/ethnic disparities in trial access and EDI. Many sites do not systematically screen every patient for a trial and/or document outcomes. Lack of resources, including dedicated staff and time and integrated technology, make it difficult for them to do so in systematic and reliable ways. Greater investment in resources will help to facilitate routine screening of every patient and ensure underrepresented populations are not being overlooked for trials. 1. Oyer et al, JCO, 2022 . 2. Pressman et al, JCO, 2022 .

Health professionals’ and caregivers’ perspectives on improving paramedics’ provision of palliative care in Australian communities: a qualitative study

ObjectivesParamedics have the potential to make a substantial contribution to community-based palliative care provision. However, they are hindered by a lack of policy and institutional support, as well as targeted...

Advancing University Education: Exploring the Benefits of Education for Sustainable Development

This article addresses the integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in higher education institutions, exploring its effects on academic performance and students’ ability to address sustainability challenges. Using the PRISMA 2020 methodology for a systematic literature review, 50 relevant articles were selected from 543 records, providing data on the academic impacts of ESD through bibliometric approaches and surveys. The results revealed that ESD improves academic performance, motivation and engagement, as well as enhances students’ ability to solve complex problems sustainably. However, significant barriers, such as a lack of resources and adequate teacher training, hinder effective implementation. Approximately 60% of students in ESD programs show greater motivation and analytical abilities compared to 50% in traditional programs. ESD enriches academic training and equips students with essential practical skills, preparing them to be agents of positive change. Incorporating emerging technologies and participatory learning methods is crucial to enhancing ESD effectiveness. Greater investment in teacher training and standardized educational materials, along with the promotion of international collaboration to share resources and best practices, is required.

Enterprise environmental performance under China's framework for Central Environmental Protection Inspection: Quasi‐natural experimental evidence

AbstractIn 2016, China launched the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) to address environmental pollution. Using a triple‐difference method with data from China's A‐share listed companies between 2010 and 2019, we find that CEPI significantly improves the environmental performance of firms. The improvements are driven by increased environmental awareness, stricter enforcement and greater investment in environmental protection. Fiscal and environmental decentralization positively reinforce the policy's effectiveness. Regions with high public participation, media attention, and visibility experience greater benefits. This research highlights the importance of combining policy initiatives with active public and media engagement to achieve significant environmental improvements.

Prevalence and factors associated with probable sarcopenia in southern Brazil: a population-based study.

There are few studies on probable sarcopenia in rural areas. This study aims to assess prevalence of probable sarcopenia and its associated factors in older adults living in the rural area of a municipality in southern Brazil. This cross-sectional study assessed data from the second wave of the EpiRural Cohort Study. Structured questionnaires, handgrip strength, gait speed, and anthropometric measurements were collected from 651 older adults. The criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 were used in this study. Chi-square test and logistic regression with robust variance were performed. Prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 19.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3-25.2%). Male sex (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.61; 95%CI 1.17-2.21), age &ge;80 years (PR 4.15; 95%CI 2.65-6.50), underweight (PR 1.90; 95%CI 1.23-2.93), diabetes mellitus (PR 1.80; 95%CI 1.20-2.73), and hospitalization in the past year (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.36-2.91) were significantly associated with probable sarcopenia. One in five rural older adults have probable sarcopenia. Older adults living in rural areas need frequent measurements of muscle strength, and greater investments should be made to minimize the physical disability caused by sarcopenia among this population.

Understanding key priority areas of mental health among queer asylum seekers and refugees in Australia through the lens of structural violence: A modified Delphi method study

Abstract Queer asylum seekers and refugees (QASaR) are more likely to have poor mental health compared to non-QASaR. This paper examines key priority areas for refugee services to improve mental health outcomes of QASaR in Australia. The key priority areas were identified through a modified Delphi method (DM), comprised of two stages: a scoping review of literature and three rounds of consensus building process. In the second stage, twenty-one participants were involved, including QASaR, health/social care professionals, and people in policy/funding-related roles. Drawing on Farmer’s understanding of structural violence, our consensus suggests QASaR’s poor mental health is primarily produced by the asylum system, further exacerbated by the lack of safe queer-inclusive refugee services, and can be improved by supporting QASaR-led organizations. Greater investments in QASaR-led organizations and initiatives are needed to improve cultural safety of refugee services and achieve systemic change.

Should We Defund the National Health Service?

Despite record investment in Scotland's National Health Service, ever-increasing numbers of people remain in hospital despite being clinically fit for discharge. This paper curiously explores two of the whole-system problems ensuring discharges are delayed and argues that greater investment in, and contractual changes to, social care commissioning is required to support more people to live their best lives in their own homes. A more creative perspective is required to ensure better outcomes for the population.

Regional cultural inclusiveness and firm performance in China

As society continues to develop, a growing body of research is focusing on how informal institutions, such as culture, influence corporate behavior and economic outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of cultural inclusiveness, as a non-formal institution, on firm performance. Using Chinese A-share listed firms as our sample, we employ econometric methods to analyze the relationship between cultural inclusiveness and firm performance. Our findings reveal that cultural inclusiveness enhances firm performance, particularly evident in regions with higher levels of cultural inclusiveness, where firms tend to exhibit higher return on equity. To address concerns of endogeneity, instrumental variable regression using regional topographical changes is employed. Mechanism testing indicates that cultural inclusiveness primarily improves firm performance by reducing financial constraints and optimizing employee structure. Additionally, the study finds that cultural inclusiveness has a more pronounced impact on firms with higher corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as well as those with greater investment in research and development (R&D). This study provides a comprehensive empirical explanation of how cultural inclusiveness influences the sustainable operation of businesses.

Meeting The Needs Of Socially Vulnerable Patients: Views Of ACO Leaders On Moving From Intent To Action.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has placed growing emphasis on social drivers of health, but little is known about how accountable care organizations (ACOs) aim to meet the needs of vulnerable patients. During September-December 2022, we interviewed leaders of forty-nine ACOs participating in the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP). Participants were asked about strategies to identify socially vulnerable patients, programs that addressed their needs, and Medicare reforms that could support their efforts. Seven themes emerged: ACOs were in the early stages of collecting social needs data; leaders were frustrated by an incomplete ability to act on such data; ACOs tended to stratify patients by medical, rather than social, risk; some ACOs have introduced pilot programs to address challenges, including social isolation and drug costs; programs were often payer agnostic; rural ACOs faced unique challenges; and Medicare reforms related to reimbursement, logistical support, quality metrics, and patient benefits could support ACO efforts. These findings suggest that the MSSP alone has not been sufficient to promote consistent investment in social needs provision at most ACOs. Policy makers may want to consider more direct support and incentives for health care organizations, or greater investment in non-health care sectors, to help socially vulnerable patients.

Merdeka Curriculum: Adaptation of Indonesian Education Policy in the Digital Era and Global Challenges

Objective: This paper examines the Merdeka Curriculum as a response to Indonesian education policy challenges in the digital era and globalization. The policy aims to enhance the flexibility and quality of education through a more adaptive approach to student needs and technological advancements. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in public policy adaptation theory and 21st-century education theory, which emphasizes critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and digital literacy. This framework helps understand how the Merdeka Curriculum is implemented within the Indonesian education context. Method: A qualitative approach is used in this study, employing a case study method in several schools in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and policy document analysis. Participants included teachers, students, and education policymakers. Results and Conclusions: The findings indicate that the Merdeka Curriculum provides greater flexibility for teachers in designing learning programs tailored to students' needs. However, implementation in the field faces various challenges, such as lack of technological infrastructure and teacher training. In conclusion, while the Merdeka Curriculum has the potential to improve educational quality, stronger support in technology and training is necessary for its success. Research Implications: This study has significant implications for the development of education policy in Indonesia, especially in the digital era. The findings encourage policymakers to consider greater investments in educational technology and teacher training to ensure the success of the Merdeka Curriculum. Originality/Value: This paper offers an original contribution by linking the Merdeka Curriculum policy to the challenges and opportunities of the digital era, providing practical insights into the implementation of education policy in Indonesia. It also adds to the literature on education policy adaptation in developing countries.

Assessing Barriers to Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has greatly increased. Previously dominated by infectious diseases, LMICs are the new epicentre of CVDs. CVD is a common problem amongst the population in theAfrican continent; however, many countries in LMICs lack the resources to stem the rise of CVDs. A systematic review was conducted between March and July 2023 to assess barriers to the primary prevention of CVDs in studies conducted in LMICs. Online databases, such as Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and MEDLINE, were consulted. Keywords included primary prevention, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, weight loss, and physical fitness, all of which focused on LMICs. To enrich the literature review, efforts were made to check other listed references and more papers were retrieved. The inclusion criteria were countries in LMICs, CVD, full-text, and peer-reviewed journals. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included. Exclusion criteria included high-income countries, secondary prevention, and research unrelated to CVDs, such as barriers in oncology or mental health. A total of 1089 papers were retrieved from the search engines. After applying the exclusion criteria for LMICs, only 186 papers were retained. A further search for quality, relevance, and duplicity reduced the qualifying number to 50 papers. Further efforts to retrieve the data and examine the quality of the studies resulted in 18 final selected studies. Three categories emerged based on the type of barriers: physician barriers, patient barriers, and health system barriers. Evidently, in several LMICs, guidelines for CVD prevention were lacking, and too much emphasis was placed on secondary prevention at the expense of primary prevention, a lack of human resources, and inadequate infrastructure. Overworked healthcare providers were unable to allocate adequate time to the patients. There was no shared decision-making process. Patient barriers included lack of motivation, no symptoms, low level of education, no insurance, long physical distances to the facilities, and inadequate medicationor stock out. Some of the major barriers included closing and opening hours, poor operating space, inadequate funding from the government or donors, and lack of electronic medical services. There are many barriers to accessing primary prevention services for CVDs. These barriers can be divided into patient, physician, or health system barriers. More research needs to be conducted in LMICs to address the increasing risk factors for CVDs. Greater investment is required by national governments to provide more resources. Task shifting and shared decision-making are some of the quick wins.